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Information about Bonebed

A bone bed is any geological stratum or deposit which contains bones of whatever kind. Inevitably, such deposits are sedimentary in nature. Not a formal term, it tends to be used more to describe especially dense collections. It is also applied to brecciated and stalagmitic deposits on the floor of caves, which frequently contain osseous remains.

In a more restricted sense, the term is used to connote certain thin layers of bony fragments, which occur in well-defined geological strata. One of the best-known of these is the Ludlow Bone Bed, which is found at the base of the Downton Sandstone in the Upper Ludlow series. At Ludlow (England) itself, two such beds are actually known, separated by about 14 ft. of strata. Although quite thin, the Ludlow Bone Bed can be followed from that town into Gloucestershire, for a distance of 45 miles. It is almost completely made up of fragments of spines, teeth and scales of ganoid fish. Another well-known bed, formerly known as the Bristol or Lias Bone Bed, exists in the form of several thin layers of micaceous sandstone, with the remains of fish and saurians, which occur in the Rhaetic Black Paper Shales that lie above the Keuper marls, in the south-west of England. It is noteworthy that a similar bone bed has been traced on the same geological horizon in Brunswick, Hanover (Germany) and in Franconia. A bone bed has also been observed at the base of the Carboniferous limestone series, in certain parts of the south-west of England.

Bone beds are also recorded in North America, South America, Mongolia and China. Examples are: the Mapusaurus bone bed at Canadon de Gato, in Argentina, the Allosaurus-dominated Cleveland Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry of Utah, the Dinosaur National Monument on the boundary of Utah and Colorado, an Albertosaurus bone bed from Alberta, a Daspletosaurus bone bed from Montana, the Cenozoic John Day Fossil Beds of Oregon and the Nemegt Basin in the Gobi Desert region of Mongolia.

References

Oceanic crust      0-20 Ma
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stratum (plural: strata) is a layer of rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics that distinguishes it from contiguous layers. Each layer is generally one of a number of parallel layers that lie one upon another, laid down by natural forces.
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Bones are rigid organs that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They function to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals.
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Sedimentary rock is one of the three main rock groups (the others being igneous and metamorphic rock). Rock formed from sediments covers 75-80% of the Earth's land area, and includes common types such as chalk, limestone, dolomite, sandstone, conglomerate and shale.
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Breccia (IPA: /ˈbrɛtʃiə, ˈbrɛʃ-/, Italian: breach
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stalagmite (from the Greek stalagma ("Σταλαγμίτης"), "drop" or "drip") is a type of speleothem that rises from the floor of a limestone cave due to the dripping of mineralized solutions and the deposition of calcium
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In geology, the Ludlovian or Ludlow Group is the name of the uppermost subdivision of the Silurian rocks in Great Britain. This group contains the following formations in descending order:
  1. Cilestones, Downton Castle sandstones (90 ft./27.

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Ludlow

Dinham Bridge crossing the Teme near Ludlow Castle.
Ludlow ()
|240px|Ludlow (

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Motto
Dieu et mon droit   (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
No official anthem specific to England — the anthem of the United Kingdom is "God Save the Queen".
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    Gloucestershire (pronounced [ˈglɒstəʃə]; GLOSS-ter-sher) is a county in South West England.
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    In biology, spine or spiny may refer to:
    • Spine (botany), needle-like structures in plants
    • Spine (zoology), needle-like structures in animals
    Spine may also refer to:
    • Vertebral column, spine in anatomy, the backbone

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    Teeth (singular, tooth) are structures found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates that are used to tear, scrape, and chew food. Some animals, particularly carnivores, also use teeth for hunting or defense. The roots of teeth are covered by gums.
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    scale (Greek lepid, Latin squama) is a small rigid plate that grows out of an animal's skin to provide protection. In lepidopteran species, scales are plates on the surface of the insect wing, and provide coloration.
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    scale (Greek lepid, Latin squama) is a small rigid plate that grows out of an animal's skin to provide protection. In lepidopteran species, scales are plates on the surface of the insect wing, and provide coloration.
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    Mica may refer to:
    • Mica, a silicate mineral group
    • The biblical prophet Micah
    • The book of Micah in the Tanakh
    • Mica is a song by Danish indie rock band Mew.

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    Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. Most sandstone is composed of quartz and/or feldspar because these are the most common minerals in the Earth's crust.
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    Sauria
    Gauthier, 1984

    Subgroups
    • Lepidosauromorpha
    • Archosauromorpha


    Sauria is a clade of reptiles that includes all living diapsids, as well as their common ancestor and all its extinct descendants.
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    The Late Triassic (also known as Upper Triassic, or Keuper) is the third and final of three epochs of the Triassic period. It spans the time between 228 ± 2 Ma and 199.6 ± 0.6 Ma (million years ago).
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    Marls are calcium carbonate or lime-rich muds or mudstones which contain variable amounts of clays and calcite or aragonite. The term is most often used to describe lacustrine (lake) sediments but may also be used for marine deposits.
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    Braunschweig
    Disestablished: 2004-12-31

    ''Map of Lower Saxony highlighting the former Regierungsbezirk of Braunschweig
    State| Lower Saxony
    Braunschweig
    8,098.5 km
    1,659,396 (30 Sep. 2004)
    Pop.
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    Hannover
    Hanover
    The New Town Hall in Hanover, built from 1901 to 1913.
    Coat of arms Location

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    Anthem
    "Das Lied der Deutschen" (third stanza)
    also called "Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit"
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    Franconia (German: Franken) is an historic region in modern Germany, which today forms three administrative regions of the federal state of Bavaria: Lower Franconia (Unterfranken), Middle Franconia (Mittelfranken), and Upper Franconia (
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    The Carboniferous is a major division of the geologic timescale that extends from the end of the Devonian period, about 359.2 ± 2.5 Ma (million years ago), to the beginning of the Permian period, about 299.0 ± 0.8 Ma (ICS 2004).
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    Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the mineral calcite (calcium carbonate: CaCO3). Limestone often contains variable amounts of silica in the form of chert or flint, as well as varying amounts of clay, silt and sand as disseminations, nodules, or layers
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    North America is a continent [1] in the Earth's northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the east by the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southeast by the Caribbean Sea, and on the south and west
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    South America is a continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie
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    Anthem
    "Монгол улсын төрийн дуулал"
    National anthem of Mongolia
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    This page contains Chinese text.
    Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
    China (Traditional Chinese:
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    Mapusaurus

    Species: M. roseae

    Binomial name
    Mapusaurus roseae
    Coria & Currie, 2006

    Mapusaurus
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