Bicarbonate

Information about Bicarbonate

In inorganic chemistry, a bicarbonate (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogencarbonate) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid.

Chemical properties

Structure of bicarbonate

The bicarbonate ion (hydrogen carbonate) is an anion with the empirical formula H C O₃⁻ and a molecular mass of 61.01 daltons; it consists of one central carbon atom surrounded by three oxygen atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement, with a hydrogen atom attached to one of the oxygens. The bicarbonate ion carries a negative one formal charge and is the conjugate base of carbonic acid, H₂CO₃; it is the conjugate acid of CO₃²⁻, the carbonate ion as shown by these equilibrium reactions.

CO₃^2- +2 H₂O ⇋ HCO₃^1- + H₂O + OH^1- ⇋ H₂CO₃ +2 OH^1-

H₂CO₃ +2 H₂O ⇋ HCO₃^1- + H₃O¹⁺ + H₂O ⇋ CO₃^2- +2 H₃O¹⁺

A bicarbonate salt forms when a positively charged ion attaches to the negatively charged oxygen atoms of the ion, forming an ionic compound. Many bicarbonates are soluble in water at standard temperature and pressure, particularly sodium bicarbonate and magnesium bicarbonate; both of these substances contribute to total dissolved solids, a common parameter for assessing water quality.

Uses

The most common salt of the bicarbonate ion is sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO₃, which is used as baking soda. When exposed to an acid such as acetic acid (vinegar), bicarbonates release carbon dioxide. This is used to cause bread to rise in baking and to propel toy rockets.

This chemical is also found in the blood. It is a crucial component of the acid/base system of the body (maintaining homeostasis). 86%-90% of CO₂ in the body is converted into H₂CO₃, a diprotic acid, which also can turn into its basic form HCO₃⁻. When close to equal amounts of Carbonate ions and Carbonic acid are present it forms a buffer system. This helps maintain the pH of the blood at a level needed for tissues and enzymes to work adequately.

The flow of bicarbonate ions from rocks weathered by the carbonic acid in rainwater is an important part of the carbon cycle.

Bicarbonate also serves a use in the digestive system. It neutralizes the exceedingly acidic pH of the stomach after the stomach digests the food.

Bicarbonate Compounds

External links

MeSH Bicarbonates

Sodium bicarbonate is the chemical compound with the formula NaHCO₃. Because it has long been known and is widely used, the salt has many other names including sodium hydrogencarbonate, sodium bicarb, baking soda, bread soda,
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Inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the properties and behavior of inorganic compounds. This field covers all chemical compounds except the myriad organic compounds (compounds containing C-H bonds), which are the subjects of organic chemistry.
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The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) (IPA: [aɪ ju pæk]) is an international non-governmental organization established in 1919 devoted to the advancement of chemistry.
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Deprotonation is a chemistry term that refers to the removal of a hydron (hydrogen ion H⁺) from a molecule, forming the conjugate base. The relative ability for a molecule to give up a proton is measured by a pK_a value.
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Carbonic acid (ancient name acid of air or aerial acid) has the formula H₂CO₃. It is also a name sometimes given to solutions of carbon dioxide in water, which contain small amounts of H₂CO₃.
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In chemistry, the empirical formula of a chemical compound is a simple expression of the relative number of each type of atom in it. An empirical formula makes no reference to isomerism, structure, or absolute number of atoms.
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1, −1
(amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity 2.20 (Pauling scale) More

Atomic radius 25 pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 53 pm
Covalent radius 37 pm
Van der Waals radius 120 pm
Miscellaneous

Thermal conductivity (300 K) 180.
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4, 2
(mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity 2.55 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more) 1st: 1086.5 kJmol⁻¹
2nd: 2352.6 kJmol⁻¹
3rd: 4620.5 kJmol⁻¹

Atomic radius 70 pm
Atomic radius (calc.
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2, −1
(neutral oxide)
Electronegativity 3.44 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more) 1st: 1313.9 kJmol⁻¹
2nd: 3388.3 kJmol⁻¹
3rd: 5300.5 kJmol⁻¹

Atomic radius 60 pm
Atomic radius (calc.
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The unified atomic mass unit (u), or dalton (Da), is a small unit of mass used to express atomic and molecular masses. It is defined to be one twelfth of the mass of an unbound atom of the carbon-12 nuclide, at rest and in its ground state.
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atom (Greek ἄτομος or átomos meaning "indivisible") is the smallest particle still characterizing a chemical element.
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trigonal planar is a molecular geometry with one atom at the center and three atoms at the corners of a triangle all in one plane. In a trigonal planar molecule where all three attached atoms are identical, all bond angles will be 120° and the molecule will belong to point group
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formal charge (FC) is a partial charge on an atom in a molecule assigned by assuming that electrons in a chemical bond are shared equally between atoms, regardless of relative electronegativity ^[1]
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conjugate acid is the acid member, HX, of a pair of two compounds that transform into each other by gain or loss of a proton. A conjugate acid can also be seen as the chemical substance that releases a proton in the backward chemical reaction. Thus, the term acid.
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carbonate is a salt or ester of carbonic acid.

Applications

Soda water (also known as Seltzer water) is water with CO₂ dissolved under pressure. The taste of soda water was discovered by the 18th century chemist Joseph Priestley.
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Solubility is a physical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.^[1] It is measured in terms of the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a solvent at equilibrium. The resulting solution is called a saturated solution.
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Water is a common chemical substance that is essential to all known forms of life.^[1] In typical usage, water refers only to its liquid form or state, but the substance also has a solid state, ice, and a gaseous state, water vapor.
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In chemistry and other sciences, STP or standard temperature and pressure is a standard set of conditions for experimental measurements, to enable comparisons to be made between sets of data.
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Total dissolved solids (often abbreviated TDS) is an expression for the combined content of all inorganic and organic substances contained in a liquid which are present in a molecular, ionized or micro-granular (colloidal sol) suspended form.
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Water quality is the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water, characterized through the methods of hydrometry. The primary bases for such characterization are parameters which relate to drinking water, safety of human contact and for health of ecosystems.
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ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) is a set of properties that guarantee that database transactions are processed reliably. In the context of databases, a single logical operation on the data is called a transaction.
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Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound best recognized for giving vinegar its sour taste and pungent smell. Its structural formula is represented as CH₃COOH.
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Vinegar is a liquid produced from the fermentation of ethanol in a process that yields its key ingredient, acetic acid. The acetic acid concentration ranges typically from 4 to 8 percent by volume for table vinegar^[1]
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Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in this state.
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fougasse or as fouace in the rest of southern France. It is usually seasoned with olive oil and herbs, and often either topped with cheese or stuffed with meat or vegetables. Focaccia doughs are similar in style and texture to pizza doughs.
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