Bias

Information about Bias

For other senses of this word, see bias (disambiguation).

For Wikipedia's policy on avoiding bias, see Wikipedia:Neutral point of view.

A bias is a prejudice in a general or specific sense, usually in the sense for having a preference to one particular point of view or ideological perspective. However, one is generally only said to be biased if one's powers of judgment are influenced by the biases one holds, to the extent that one's views could not be taken as being neutral or objective, but instead as subjective. A bias could, for example, lead one to accept or deny the truth of a claim, not on the basis of the strength of the arguments in support of the claim themselves, but because of the extent of the claim's correspondence with one's own preconceived ideas. This is called confirmation bias.

A systematic bias is a bias resulting from a flaw integral to the system within which the bias arises (for example, an incorrectly calibrated thermostat may consistently read — that is 'be biased' — several degrees hotter or colder than actual temperature). As a consequence, systematic bias commonly leads to systematic errors, as opposed to random errors, which tend to cancel one another out.

In practice, accusations of bias often result from a perception of unacknowledged favouritism on the part of a critic or judge, or indeed any person in a position requiring the careful and disinterested exercise of arbitration or assessment. Any tendency to favour a certain set of values naturally leads to an uneven dispensation of judgment. It may also be noted that, if a person were to take their own preexisting view as a priori balanced without acknowledging their own personal inclinations, any person or organization that disagrees with their views is likely to be viewed as biased regardless of that person or organization's actual efforts at balance. It may be observed that bias is, in a sense, reflexive, unacknowledged or unrecognized bias potentially leading to its apprehension (with or without good reason) in others.

BIAS
	Private
Founded	1994
Headquarters	Petaluma, California
Area served	Digital Audio Software
Industry	Technology
Website	www.bias-inc.com

History

Composer/software engineer Steve Berkley initially created Peak for editing the samples used in his musical compositions. Peak started out as a utility for transferring content ("samples") from a hardware sampler to a Macintosh computer, editing the samples, and returning them to the sampler for playback/performance. Word of this new utility spread quickly, and soon colleagues were requesting copies to use themselves. Features were requested and implemented – more features requested and implemented, and the utility evolved into a commercial sample editing application, “Peak”, which remains as BIAS’ flagship product to this day. BIAS Inc. was founded in 1994 in Sausalito, California, by Steve and Christine Berkley.

Products

Peak

Peak is a full-featured professional stereo sample editor – and BIAS’ flagship product.

Peak’s approach to editing differs from most DAW (Digital Audio Workstation) applications, as it edits directly at the file level. Rather than creating a “session” or “project” and then importing the audio files to be edited, Peak opens files directly. Once a file has been edited as desired, it is simply saved, rather than having to be “bounced” or exported from a session/project. This fundamental difference from a DAW is what gives Peak the ability to edit digital audio so quickly. Its focused editing environment makes it a complementary tool to many DAWs, video editing, and multimedia applications that offer limited editing features. Peak is offered in a full-featured professional edition (Peak Pro), a basic edition (Peak LE), and a limited-feature edition often included with other manufacturer’s hardware/software products (Peak Express). Peak runs on Mac OS X computer systems.

SoundSoap

SoundSoap is a noise reduction/audio restoration plug-in and stand-alone application. SoundSoap is designed to remove unwanted clicks, crackles, pops, hum, rumble, and broadband noise (such as tape hiss and HVAC system noise). It offers “one-click” noise reduction, and may also be manually fine-tuned for optimal results. SoundSoap includes Audio Units, DirectX, RTAS/AudioSuite, and VST plug-in formats, as well as a stand-alone edition – and runs on Mac OS X and Windows XP computer systems.

SoundSoap Pro

SoundSoap Pro is a professional-level noise reduction/audio restoration plug-in. It is based on the same advanced technology as SoundSoap, but offers a much more advanced user interface, with the ability to access and fine-tune many parameters not available in the standard version. In addition to removing clicks, crackles, pops, hum, rumble, and broadband noise (such as tape hiss and HVAC system noise), SoundSoap Pro also features an integrated noise gate. SoundSoap Pro includes Audio Units, RTAS/AudioSuite, and VST plug-in formats – and runs on Macintosh OS X and Windows XP computer systems.

Master Perfection Suite

This suite of six effects processing plug-ins offers numerous features for mastering, sound design, and general audio processing.

Plug-ins included:

GateEx – a noise gate and downward expander
PitchCraft – pitch correction/transposition with formant change
Sqweez-3 & -5 - multiband linear phase compressor/limiter

Reveal – 7-in-1 analysis tool, with oscilloscope, peak/RMS power history, peak/RMS metering, spectral analyzer, spectrogram, phase scope, and pan power metering

SuperFreq – 4, 6, 8, & 10 band paragraphic equalizers
RepliQ – Linear phase EQ/spectral matching

The Master Perfection Suite is included with Peak Pro XT, and runs on Macintosh OS X computer systems.

Deck

Deck is a simple multitrack DAW (digital audio workstation) designed for working with digital audio. While Deck offers limited MIDI features – such as MIDI control of the integrated transport and mixing console, and the ability to import and play back a MIDI file in sync with digital audio – it is not a MIDI sequencing application. Deck excels in recording analog audio sources, such as musical instruments and microphones – as well as in multimedia and post-production, where its QuickTime foundation allows it to synchronize with digital video and QuickTime movies for mono, stereo, and 5.1 surround sound mixing. Two editions are offered: “Deck” – a full-featured professional DAW, and “Deck LE” – a limited feature, entry level DAW – both run on Macintosh OS 8.6, 9, and X computer systems.

Product Timeline

1/96 – Peak 1.0 debuts at NAMM show in Anaheim, CA.
11/96 – BIAS Introduces Peak LE – entry level stereo editor
1/97 – SFX Machine 1.0 multi-effects plug-in introduced
9/98 – BIAS acquires Deck DAW from Macromedia
12/98 – Peak 2.0 introduced – adds DAE, TDM, AudioSuite, QuickTime movie, Premiere plug-in support, and CD burning
8/99 – BIAS Brings Peak to BeOS
1/00 – Peak 2.1 adds ASIO driver support – expands compatibility with third-party audio hardware
9/00 – Peak 2.5 introduced – adds VST plug-in support
1/01 – Deck 2.7 adds ASIO driver support – expands compatibility with third-party audio hardware
1/01 – BIAS introduces Deck LE – entry level DAW
7/01 – BIAS introduces Deck 3.0 – adds real-time VST plug-in support
8/01 – Vbox 1.0 effect plug-in routing matrix introduced
11/01 – Peak DV 3.0 introduced – first pro audio application for Mac OS X
1/02 – Peak and Peak LE 3.0 introduced – run on Mac OS 8.6, 9.x, X
1/02 – BIAS introduces SuperFreq paragraphic equalizer plug-in for Mac OS 8.6, 9.x, X
6/02 – BIAS introduces Deck 3.5 – the first professional DAW to run on Mac OS X adds 5.1 surround mixing
7/02 – Entire BIAS product line now runs on Mac OS X
8/02 – BIAS introduces Vbox 1.1 – runs on Mac OS X and Windows operating systems
12/02 – BIAS introduces SoundSoap – runs on Mac OS X and Windows XP operating systems
8/03 – Peak 4.0 introduced – adds direct CD burning, Audio Unit support, sample-based ImpulseVerb, and Sqweez compressor plug-in
5/04 – SoundSoap Pro introduced – runs on Mac OS X and Windows XP
10/04 – SoundSoap 2 introduced – adds Click & Crackle removal, audio enhancement, and Audio Unit/RTAS/DirectX formats, drag and drop file support
8/05 – BIAS introduces Peak Pro 5 – adds industry-leading sample rate conversion and graphical waveform view to playlist, DDP export capability
9/05 – BIAS introduces Peak Pro XT & Peak LE 5 – XT power bundle includes Peak Pro 5, SoundSoap 2, SoundSoap Pro, and Master Perfection Suite plug-ins
6/06 – Peak 5.2 introduced – Universal version runs natively on PPC and Intel-based Macintosh computers
11/06 – SoundSoap 2.1 introduced – Universal version runs natively on PPC and Intel-based Macintosh computers

External links

Bias is an inclination towards something, or a predisposition, partiality, prejudice, preference, or predilection.

Bias may also refer to:

In science and statistics:

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Perspective in theory of cognition is the choice of a or a reference (or the result of this choice) from which to sense, categorize, measure or codify experience, cohesively forming a coherent belief, typically for comparing with another.
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An ideology is an organized collection of ideas. The word ideology was coined by Count Antoine Destutt de Tracy in the late 18th century to define a "science of ideas.
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This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject.
Please help recruit one or [ improve this article] yourself. See the talk page for details.
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Objectivity in science is the property of scientific measurement that can be tested independent from the individual scientist (the subject) who proposes them. It is intimately related to the aim of verifiability and reproducibility.
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In reason, subjectivity refers to the property of perceptions, arguments, and language as being based in a subject's point of view, and hence influenced in accordance with a particular bias.
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truth extends from honesty, good faith, and sincerity in general, to agreement with fact or reality in particular.^[1] The term has no single definition about which the majority of professional philosophers and scholars agree.
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In proof theory, a sequent is a formalized statement of provability that is frequently used when specifying calculi for deduction.

Explanation

A sequent has the form

where both Γ and Σ are sequences of logical formulae (i.e.
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IDEA may refer to:

Electronic Directory of the European Institutions
IDEA Center
IDEA League
Ieros Desmos Ellinon Axiomatikon
Improvement and Development Agency
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
Indian Distance Education Association

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In psychology and cognitive science, confirmation bias is a tendency to search for or interpret new information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions and avoid information and interpretations which contradict prior beliefs.
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Systematic bias is a bias resulting from the system, leading on average to systematic errors, in contrast to random errors, which on average cancel each other out.

It is often used in exactly the same manner as the term systemic bias, though systematic
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System (from Latin systēma, in turn from Greek σύστημα systēma) is a set of entities, real or abstract, where each entity interacts with, or is related to, at least one other
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A thermostat is a device for regulating the temperature of a system so that the system's temperature is maintained near a desired setpoint temperature. The thermostat does this by controlling the flow of heat energy into or out of the system.
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trillion fold).]]

Temperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold; something that is hotter generally has the greater temperature. Temperature is one of the principal parameters of thermodynamics.
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Systematic errors are biases in measurement which lead to measured values being systematically too high or too low. See also biased sample and errors and residuals in statistics. All measurements are prone to systematic error.
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In statistics and optimization, the concepts of error and residual are easily confused with each other.

Error is a misnomer; an error is the amount by which an observation differs from its expected value; the latter being based on the whole
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Elitism is the belief or attitude that those individuals who are considered members of the elite — a select group of people with outstanding personal abilities, intellect, wealth, specialized training or experience, or other distinctive attributes — are those whose
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review.

The word critic comes from the Greek κριτικός, kritikós - one who discerns, which itself arises from the Ancient Greek word κριτής, krités
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A judge or justice is an official who presides over a court. The powers, functions, method of appointment, discipline, and training of judges vary widely across different jurisdictions.
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a priori" and "a posteriori" are used in philosophy to distinguish between deductive and inductive reasoning, respectively. Attempts to define clearly or explain a priori and a posteriori
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The bias (US) or cross-grain (UK) direction of a piece of woven fabric, usually referred to simply as "the bias" or "the cross-grain", is at 45 degrees to its warp and weft threads. Every piece of woven fabric has two biases, perpendicular to each other.
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A biased sample is a statistical sample of a population where some members of the population are less likely to be included than others. An extreme form of biased sampling occurs when certain members of the population are totally excluded from the sample (that is, they have zero
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A cognitive bias is any of a wide range of observer effects identified in cognitive science and social psychology including very basic statistical, social attribution, and memory errors that are common to all human beings.
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The inductive bias of a learning algorithm is the set of assumptions that the learner uses to predict outputs given inputs that it has not encountered.

In machine learning, one aims to construct algorithms that are able to learn to predict a certain target output.
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Cognitive bias is distortion in the way humans perceive reality (see also cognitive distortion). See also the lists of thinking-related topics. Some of these have been verified empirically in the field of psychology, others are considered general categories of bias.
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worldwide view.

Media bias is a term used to describe a real or perceived bias of journalists and news producers within the mass media, in the selection of which events will be reported and how they are covered.
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Scholarly method - or as it is more commonly called, scholarship - is the body of principles and practices used by scholars to make their claims about the world as valid and trustworthy as possible, and to make them known to the scholarly public.
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