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A large bellows creates a mushroom cloud at the Exploratorium in San Francisco, California.


A bellows is a device for delivering pressurized air in a controlled quantity to a controlled location. Basically, a bellows is a deformable container which has an outlet nozzle. When the volume of the bellows is decreased, the air escapes through the outlet. A bellows typically also has a separate inlet and valves or flaps for ensuring that air enters only through the inlet and exits only through the outlet.

Metallurgy

Several metallurgical processes, such as iron smelting and welding, require so much heat that they could only be developed after the invention of the bellows. The bellows are used to deliver additional air to the fuel, raising the rate of combustion and therefore the heat output.

Various kinds of bellows are used in metallurgy:
  • Box bellows were and are traditionally used in Asia. (1)
  • Pot bellows were used in ancient Egypt. (2)
  • Accordion bellows, with the characteristic pleated sides, have been used in Europe for many centuries. (3)
  • Piston bellows were developed in the middle of the 18th century in Europe (4). However, the double action piston bellows were utilised by the Han rulers in ancient China as early as the 3rd century BCE (5).
  • Metal bellows were made to absorb axial movement in a dynamic condition.Often refered to as Axial Dynamics bellow types (6)
The ancient Chinese engineer Du Shi once applied water-power (waterwheel) to operate bellows of a blast furnace forging cast iron. The ancient Greeks, ancient Romans, and other civilizations used bellows in bloomery furnaces producing wrought iron.

In modern industry, reciprocating bellows are usually replaced with motorized blowers.

Musical instruments

In musical instruments, the bellows is often employed as a substitute or regulator for air pressure provided by the human lungs.

The following instruments use bellows: Cuckoo clocks also use bellows.

References

  1. http://www.anvilfire.com/FAQs/archives/g072002d.htm .
  2. http://www.archaeogate.org/egittologia/article/182/8/mersa-gawasis-red-sea-egypt-unoisiao-and-bu-2003-2004-f.html .
  3. [ref. needed]
  4. http://www.davistownmuseum.org/TDMtoolGlossary.htm
5)Gernet, Jacques, trans. by J. R. Foster (1972): A History of Chinese Civilization, Cambridge University Press.

See also

  • sylphon for uses of metal bellows in experimental physics and engineering.

External links

Air or Earth's atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth.

Air may also refer to:
  • Air (1977 video game), an air combat based mainframe computer game
  • Air (band), a French electronic music duo

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smelting, is a form of extractive metallurgy. The main use of smelting is to produce a metal from its ore. This includes iron extraction (for the production of steel) from iron ore, and copper extraction and other base metals from their ores.
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Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. This is often done by melting the workpieces and adding a filler material to form a pool of molten material (the weld puddle
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Metallurgy is a domain of materials science that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their intermetallic compounds, and their compounds, which are called alloys.
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Bellows technology of the twentieth and twenty-first century is centered on metal bellows. These high-technology products bear little resemblance to the original leather bellows used traditionally in fireplaces and forges.
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Middle Chinese (Traditional Chinese: 中古漢語; Pinyin: zhōnggǔ Hànyǔ), or Ancient Chinese
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Du Shi (Traditional Chinese: 杜詩; Hanyu Pinyin: Dù Shī; Wade-Giles: Tu Shih, d.
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water wheel is a hydropower system; a machine for extracting power from the flow of water. Water wheels and hydropower was widely used in the Middle Ages, powering most industry in Europe, along with the windmill.
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blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce metals, generally iron.

In a blast furnace, fuel and ore are continuously supplied through the top of the furnace, while air (sometimes with oxygen enrichment) is blown into the bottom of the
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Iron-Cementite meta-stable diagram.]] Cast iron usually refers to grey cast iron, but identifies a large group of ferrous alloys, which solidify with a eutectic.

Overview


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The term ancient Greece refers to the periods of Greek history in Classical Antiquity, lasting ca. 750 BC[1] (the archaic period) to 146 BC (the Roman conquest). It is generally considered to be the seminal culture which provided the foundation of Western Civilization.
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This is a list of topics related to ancient Rome that aims to include aspects of both the ancient Roman Republic and Roman Empire.
  • For an overview of the subject, see Ancient Rome.
  • For other articles not listed below, see and its subcategories.

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A bloomery is a type of furnace once widely used for smelting iron from its oxides. The bloomery was the earliest form of smelter capable of smelting iron. A bloomery's product is a porous mass of iron and slag called a bloom.
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Wrought iron is commercially pure iron, having a very small carbon content (not more than 0.15 percent), but usually containing some slag. It is tough, malleable and ductile and is easily welded. However, it is too soft for blades.
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A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified with the purpose of making music. In principle anything that, produces sound, and can somehow be controlled by a person playing it, can serve as a musical instrument.
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lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity.[1]]]

The lung is the essential respiration organ in air-breathing vertebrates, the most primitive being the lungfish.
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accordion is a musical instrument of the handheld bellows-driven free reed aerophone family, sometimes referred to as squeezeboxes.

The accordion is played by compression and expansion of a bellows, which generates air flow across reeds; a keyboard or buttons control which
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concertina, like the various accordions and the harmonica, is a member of the free-reed family of instruments. The concertina was developed (probably independently) in both England and Germany.
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A reed organ, also called parlor organ, pump organ, cabinet organ, cottage organ, is an organ that generates its sounds using free metal reeds. Smaller, cheaper and more portable than pipe organs, reed organs were widely used in smaller churches and in private homes in the
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Bagpipes are a class of musical instrument, aerophones using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag. The term is equally correct in the singular or plural, although pipers most commonly talk of "pipes" and "the bagpipe.
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Harmonium is a free-standing musical keyboard instrument similar to a Reed Organ or Pipe Organ. It consists of free reeds and sound is produced by air being blown through reeds resulting in a sound similar to that of an accordion.
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A portative organ (or portatif organ) was a small medieval organ carried by the performer, who manipulated the bellows with one hand and fingered the keys with the other.
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cuckoo clock is a clock, typically pendulum driven, that strikes the hours using small bellows and pipes that imitate the call of the Common Cuckoo in addition to striking a wire gong.
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A sylphon is an old name for a cylindrical symmetry bellows. When made of metal, the sylphon shape was formerly created by metal spinning inside of a metal mold, and now by hydrostatic forming within a mold.
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