Information about Bee Balm
| Monarda | ||||||||||||
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) A bumblebee on a Monarda flower A bumblebee on a Monarda flower | ||||||||||||
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About 16 species, including: Monarda citriodora Monarda clinopodia Monarda didyma Monarda fistulosa Monarda menthifolia Monarda pectinata Monarda punctata | ||||||||||||
Monarda (bee balm, horsemint, oswego tea, or bergamot) is a genus consisting of roughly 16 species of erect, herbaceous annual or perennial plants in the Lamiaceae, indigenous to North America. Ranging in height from 1 to 3 feet (0.2 to 0.9 m), the plants have an equal spread, with slender and long-tapering (lanceolate) leaves; the leaves are opposite on stem, smooth to nearly hairy, lightly serrated margins, and range from 3 to 6 inches (7 to 14 cm) long. In all species, the leaves, when crushed, exude a spicy, highly fragrant oil. Of the species listed, M. didyma (Oswego Tea) contains the highest concentration of this oil.[1]
Flowers, species, cultivars
Flowers of the Monarda genus are tubular, can be single or double, generally hermaphroditic, and appear in mid to late-summer in dense profusion. Flower sizes range from 2 to 4 inches (5 to 10 cm). Flower colors vary, with wild forms of the plant having crimson-red to red, pink and light purple. M. didyma has bright, carmine red blossoms; M. fistulosa -- the "true" wild bergamot -- has smokey pink flowers. M. citriodora and M. pectinata have light lavender to lilac-colored blooms and have slightly decreased flower quantities. Both species are commonly referred to as "Lemon Mint." There are over 50 commercial cultivars and hybrids, ranging in color from candy-apple red to pure white to deep blue, but these plants tend to be smaller than wild species, and often developed to combat climatic or pest conditions. "M.didyma" species can grow up to 6 feet tall. Seed collected from hybrids — as with most hybridized plants — will not come true and reversion to true forms of the plants will occur with second generation seed.Cultivation
The Monarda plants prefer full sun and moist yet well-drained soil. Plants established in partial shade or filtered sun have higher incidences of rapid horizontal spread and flower less. An aggressive plant in the Southeastern United States, Bergamots can grow in a wide variety of soil conditions. Powdery mildew, rust, and (rarely) tobacco mosaic viruses disrupt established plants on occasion, but the plants are in general highly resistant to most wilts and viruses and are not easily damaged. Used most frequently in areas in need of naturalization, Monarda is often used in beds and borders to encourage and increase the appearance of hummingbirds, pollinating insects, and because of oils present in its roots is sometimes used to companion plant around small vegetable crops susceptible to subterranean pests. While seed should be stratified briefly before starting, seed may be cast directly or started in coldframes or greenhouses at soil temperatures approaching 70° Fahrenheit. Generally, propagation occurs by hardwood and softwood cuttings, root cuttings, layering, and division; the latter, quite frequently, is the most popular method out of necessity: the plant should be divided every 3 to 5 years to reduce spread, keep the central core of the plant healthy, preclude root rot, and improve air circulation about the foliage.Monarda species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including case-bearers of the genus Coleophora including C. heinrichella (feeds exclusively on M. fistulosa), C. monardae (feeds exclusively on Monarda spp) and C. monardella (feeds exclusively on M. fistulosa).
Other information
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Sphex sp. wasp pollinating Monarda
References
Bombini
Genus: Bombus
Latreille, 1802
Species
more than 250 species and subspecies in 38 subgenera
Bumblebees (also spelled bumble bee, also known as humblebee
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Genus: Bombus
Latreille, 1802
Species
more than 250 species and subspecies in 38 subgenera
Bumblebees (also spelled bumble bee, also known as humblebee
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Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. Scientific classification also can be called scientific taxonomy, but should be distinguished from folk taxonomy, which lacks scientific basis.
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Plantae
Haeckel, 1866[1]
Divisions
Green algae
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Haeckel, 1866[1]
Divisions
Green algae
- Chlorophyta
- Charophyta
- Non-vascular land plants (bryophytes)
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Magnoliophyta
Classes
Magnoliopsida - Dicots
Liliopsida - Monocots
The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms comprise the two extant groups of seed plants.
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Classes
Magnoliopsida - Dicots
Liliopsida - Monocots
The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms comprise the two extant groups of seed plants.
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Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida is the botanical name for a class of flowering plants. By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its can otherwise vary, being more inclusive or less inclusive depending upon the classification system being
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Magnoliopsida is the botanical name for a class of flowering plants. By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its can otherwise vary, being more inclusive or less inclusive depending upon the classification system being
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Lamiales
Bromhead
Families
See text
The order Lamiales is a taxon in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. Lamiales formerly had a restricted circumscription (e.g.
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Bromhead
Families
See text
The order Lamiales is a taxon in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. Lamiales formerly had a restricted circumscription (e.g.
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Lamiaceae
Lindley
Genera
Many, see text
Ref: Watson and Dallwitz
2002-07-22
Lamiaceae or Labiatae, also known as the Mint family, is a family of plants in about 210 genera and some 3,500 species.
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Lindley
Genera
Many, see text
Ref: Watson and Dallwitz
2002-07-22
Lamiaceae or Labiatae, also known as the Mint family, is a family of plants in about 210 genera and some 3,500 species.
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citriodora
Binomial name
Monarda citriodora
Lemon mint (Monarda citriodora), also called purple horse mint or lemon beebalm, is, as the names imply, a member of the mint family (Lamiaceae),
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Binomial name
Monarda citriodora
Lemon mint (Monarda citriodora), also called purple horse mint or lemon beebalm, is, as the names imply, a member of the mint family (Lamiaceae),
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M. didyma
Binomial name
Monarda didyma
L.
Monarda didyma (Bergamot, Scarlet Beebalm,
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Binomial name
Monarda didyma
L.
U.S. distribution of Monarda didyma
Monarda didyma (Bergamot, Scarlet Beebalm,
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M. fistulosa
Binomial name
Monarda fistulosa
L.
Monarda fistulosa (Wild Bergamot) is a wild flower native to the United States.
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Binomial name
Monarda fistulosa
L.
Monarda fistulosa (Wild Bergamot) is a wild flower native to the United States.
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genus (plural: genera) is part of the Latinized name for an organism. It is a name which reflects the classification of the organism by grouping it with other closely similar organisms.
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species is one of the basic units of biological classification. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
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Lamiaceae
Lindley
Genera
Many, see text
Ref: Watson and Dallwitz
2002-07-22
Lamiaceae or Labiatae, also known as the Mint family, is a family of plants in about 210 genera and some 3,500 species.
..... Click the link for more information.
Lindley
Genera
Many, see text
Ref: Watson and Dallwitz
2002-07-22
Lamiaceae or Labiatae, also known as the Mint family, is a family of plants in about 210 genera and some 3,500 species.
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North America is a continent [1] in the Earth's northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the east by the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southeast by the Caribbean Sea, and on the south and west
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hybrid has two meanings.[1]
The first meaning is the result of interbreeding between two animals or plants of different taxa. Hybrids between different species within the same genus are sometimes known as interspecific hybrids or crosses.
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The first meaning is the result of interbreeding between two animals or plants of different taxa. Hybrids between different species within the same genus are sometimes known as interspecific hybrids or crosses.
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In biology, naturalisation is the process when foreign or cultivated plants or animals have spread into the wild, where they multiply by natural regeneration.
Naturalised species may become invasive species if they become sufficiently abundant to have an adverse effect on
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Naturalised species may become invasive species if they become sufficiently abundant to have an adverse effect on
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Propagation can refer to:
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- Reproduction, and other forms of multiplication or increase
- Plant propagation, the production of more plants by seeds, cuttings, grafting or other methods
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larva (Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of animal with indirect development, undergoing metamorphosis (for example, insects or amphibians).
The larva can look completely different from the adult form, for example, a caterpillar differs from a butterfly.
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The larva can look completely different from the adult form, for example, a caterpillar differs from a butterfly.
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Clipper Parthenos sylvia]]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
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The Clipper Parthenos sylvia
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
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Coleophora
Hübner, 1822
Species
See text.
Coleophora is a very large genus of moths of the family Coleophoridae with around 1000 described species.
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Hübner, 1822
Species
See text.
Coleophora is a very large genus of moths of the family Coleophoridae with around 1000 described species.
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Earl Grey tea is a tea blend with a distinctive flavour and aroma derived from the addition of oil extracted from the rind of the bergamot orange, a fragrant citrus fruit.
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