Information about Ball

BALL (Biochemical Algorithms Library) is a C++ library containing common algorithms used in biochemistry and bioinformatics. The library also has Python bindings. Among the supported systems are Linux, Solaris, Microsoft Windows. The library can be used for command-line utilities, but it also supports display with Qt and OpenGL.

There is a structure viewer developed by the same group of people, BALLView, which allows viewing PDB, HIN, and other formats. It is the visulization component of BALL. Both BALL and BALLView are available under LGPL and GPL licences. The programs are developed and maintained by Hans-Peter Lenhof, Oliver Kohlbacher, Andreas Hildebrandt and Andreas Moll. BALLView is an application written in C++ that uses BALL for molecular modeling and visualizing molecular models. It is available under the GPL lisence for Linux, Windows, and Mac OS.

Example

This small program reads PDB file and outputs names and positions of all atoms in human-readable format.

1. include <ball/FORMAT/PDBFile.h>

using namespace std; using namespace BALL;

int main() { // System is a basic data structure representing all molecules System sys;

// Read a molecule from PDB file and add it to the system PDBFile pdb_file("input.pdb"); pdb_file >> sys; pdb_file.close();

// Iterate over all atoms in the system AtomIterator ai; for(ai = sys.beginAtom(); !ai.isEnd(); ++ai) { // Get atom's position Vector3 v = ai->getPosition(); // Print atom's name and atom's position cout << "Atom " << ai->getFullName() << " is located at position <" << v.x << ", " << v.y << ", " << v.z << ">" << endl; }

return 0; }

External links

• Project home page
• BALLView project page

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Balls are objects typically used in games. They are usually spherical but can be ovoid. In most games using balls, the play of the game follows the state of the ball as it is hit, kicked or thrown by players. Balls can also be used for simpler activities, such as catch, marbles and juggling. Balls made from hard-wearing metal are used in engineering applications to provide frictionless bearings, known as ball bearings.

Although many types of balls are today made from rubber, this form was unknown outside the Americas until after the voyages of Columbus. The Spanish were the first Europeans to see bouncing rubber balls (albeit solid and not inflated) which were employed most notably in the Mesoamerican ballgame. Balls used in various sports in other parts of the world prior to Columbus were made from other materials such as animal bladders or skins, stuffed with various materials.

Etymology

The first known use of the word ball in English in the sense of a globular body that is played with was in 1205 in Laȝamon's Brut, or Chronicle of Britain in the phrase, "Summe heo driuen balles wide ȝeond Şa feldes." The word came from the Middle English bal (inflected as ball-e, -es, in turn from Old Norse böllr (pronounced [bɔllr]; compare Old Swedish baller, and Swedish boll) from Proto-Germanic ballu-z, (whence probably Middle High German bal, ball-es, Middle Dutch bal), a cognate with Old High German ballo, pallo, Middle High German balle from Proto-Germanic *ballon (weak masculine), and Old High German ballâ, pallâ, Middle High German balle, Proto-Germanic *ballôn (weak feminine). No Old English representative of any of these is known. (The answering forms in Old English would have been beallu, -a, -e -- compare bealluc, ballock.) If ball- was native in Germanic, it may have been a cognate with the Latin foll-is in sense of a "thing blown up or inflated." In the later Middle English spelling balle the word coincided graphically with the French balle "ball" and "bale", which has hence been erroneously assumed to be its source. French balle (but not boule) is assumed to be of Germanic origin, itself, however.

Images

Computed tomography of a soccer ball (Video)	Baseball	Basketball	Cricket ball
Billiard balls	Lacrosse ball	Australian rules football	Tennis ball
American Football	rugby union	Sliotar used in hurling

See also

• Super Ball