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Information about Autosome

An autosome is a non-sex chromosome. It is an ordinarily pairedIn the case of higher ploidy levels than the usual diploid, there will be the same number of an autosome as the ploidy level itself. For example, in a pentaploid, there will be five copies of each autosome.[2] type of chromosome that is the same in both sexes of a species. For example, in humans, there are 22 pairs of autosomes. The X and Y chromosomes are not autosomal.

Non-autosomal chromosomes are usually referred to as sex chromosomes, allosomes or heterosomes. An autosomal dominant gene is one on an autosome that is always expressed, even if a single copy exists. The chance is 1 in 2 (50%) for passing this autosomal dominant gene to a particular offspring. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans (44 autosomes, 2 sex chromosomes).

Uses

CODIS uses Autosomal DNA markers for its genetic databases, these markers are;
  • AMEL (AMELX, AMELY)
  • D3S1358
  • vWA
  • FGA aka FIBRA
  • D8S1179
  • D21S11
  • D18S51
  • D5S818
  • D13S317
  • D7S820
  • D16S539
  • TH01
  • TPOX
  • CSF1PO
Additional marker systems tested for commonly include [1];
  • CCR5
  • D2S1338
  • D19S433
  • F13A01
  • F13B
  • LPL
  • Penta B
  • Penta C
  • Penta D
  • Penta E
  • SE33 aka ACTBP2

Notes

2. ^ There are a total of 22 autosomes and 1 unpaired sex chromosome in a gamete.


 •  • [ e]
Human chromosomes
{1} {2} {3} {4} {5} {6} {7} {8} {9} {10} {11} {12} {13} {14} {15} {16} {17} {18} {19} {20} {21} {22} {X} {Y}

See also

External links

Evolution of chromosomes
 •  • [ e]
Basic topics: Chromosome | Karyotype | Ploidy | Meiosis
Classification: Autosome | Sex chromosome
Evolution: Chromosomal inversion | Chromosomal translocation | Polyploidy
Figure 1: A representation of a condensed eukaryotic chromosome, as seen during cell division.]] A chromosome is a single large macromolecule of DNA, and constitutes a physically organized form of DNA in a cell.
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Ploidy is the number of homologous sets of chromosomes in a biological cell. The ploidy of cells can vary within an organism. In humans, most cells are diploid (containing one set of chromosomes from each parent), but sex cells (sperm and egg) are haploid.
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Sex refers to the male and female duality of biology and reproduction. Unlike organisms that only have the ability to reproduce asexually, sexed male and female pairs have the ability to produce offspring through meiosis and fertilization.
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species is one of the basic units of biological classification. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
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A sex-determination system is a biological system that determines the development of sexual characteristics in an organism. Most sexual organisms have two sexes. In many cases, sex determination is genetic: males and females have different alleles or even different genes that
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The Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) is the FBI-funded computer system that solves crimes by searching DNA profiles developed by federal, state, and local crime laboratories.
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Amelogenin is a low-molecular-weight protein found in developing tooth enamel, and it belongs to a family of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Developing enamel contains about 30% protein, and 90% of this is comprised of amelogenins.
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AMELX is a form of amelogenin found on the X chromosome.

Mutations in AMELX can cause amelogenesis imperfecta, a disorder of tooth enamel development.

See also

  • AMELY

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AMELY is short for Amelogenin Y gene.

See also

  • Amelogenin
  • Y chromosome
  • AMELX

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CCR5, short for chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5, is a chemokine receptor. The natural chemokines that bind to this receptor are RANTES, MIP-1α and MIP-1β. CCR5 is also the name of the gene that codes for the CCR5 receptor.
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Lipoprotein lipase (EC 3.1.1.34 ) is an enzyme which hydrolyzes lipids in lipoproteins, like those found in chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), into three free fatty acids and one glycerol molecule. It requires Apo-CII as a cofactor.
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human genome is the genome of Homo sapiens, which is composed of 24 distinct pairs of chromosomes (22 autosomal + X + Y) with a total of approximately 3 billion DNA base pairs containing an estimated 20,000–25,000 genes.
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Chromosome 1 is, the designation for the largest human chromosome. People normally have two copies of chromosome 1, as they do with all of the autosomes, which are the non-sex chromosomes.
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Chromosome 2 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 2 is the second largest human chromosome, spanning more than 237 million base pairs [1]
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Chromosome 3 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 3 spans almost 200 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents about 6.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.
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Chromosome 4 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 4 spans more than 186 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 6 and 6.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.
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Chromosome 5 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 5 spans about 181 million base pairs (the building blocks of DNA) and represents almost 6% of the total DNA in cells.
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Chromosome 6 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 6 spans more than 170 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 5.5 and 6% of the total DNA in cells.
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Chromosome 7 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 7 spans more than 158 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 5 and 5.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.
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Chromosome 8 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 8 spans about 155 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 4.5 and 5 % of the total DNA in cells.
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Chromosome 9 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 9 spans about 145 million base pairs of nucleic acids (the building blocks of DNA) and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.
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Chromosome 10 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 10 spans about 135 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.
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Chromosome 11 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 11 spans about 134.5 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.
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Chromosome 12 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 12 spans about 132 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.
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Chromosome 13 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 13 spans about 113 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 3.5 and 4 % of the total DNA in cells.
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Chromosome 14 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 14 spans about 106 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 3 and 3.5% of the total DNA in cells.
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Chromosome 15 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 15 spans about 106 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 3% and 3.5% of the total DNA in cells.
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Chromosome 16 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 16 spans about 90 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents just under 3 % of the total DNA in cells.
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Chromosome 17 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 17 spans more than 81 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 2.5 and 3 % of the total DNA in cells.
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