Information about Atomic Percent
Atomic percent or at.% is a measure of concentration of dopant, used in chemistry, physics of solid state lasers and spectroscopy.
The meaning of this term strongly depends on the context, host material and dopant. In particular, atomic percent may refer to:
(A) Molar fraction [2], which is ratio
(B) The molar (or atomic) percentage [3] refers to the ratio
.
For example, according to the definition (B), 100% doped
is just
, not pure Yb, as it would be in the case of definition (A).
Definition (B) is widely used in laser physics, and the ambiguity of the term
"atomic percent" may cause confusions.
Atomic percent is also used in applications involving atomic isotopes, such as nuclear engineering. In this context, the atomic percent refers to the ratio of the number of atoms of a particular isotope to the total number of atoms in the sample.
(A) Molar fraction [2], which is ratio
(B) The molar (or atomic) percentage [3] refers to the ratio
.For example, according to the definition (B), 100% doped
is just
, not pure Yb, as it would be in the case of definition (A).
Definition (B) is widely used in laser physics, and the ambiguity of the term
"atomic percent" may cause confusions.
Atomic percent is also used in applications involving atomic isotopes, such as nuclear engineering. In this context, the atomic percent refers to the ratio of the number of atoms of a particular isotope to the total number of atoms in the sample.
In chemistry, concentration is the measure of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance. This can apply to any sort of chemical mixture, but most frequently the concept is limited to homogeneous solutions, where it refers to the amount of
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A dopant, also called doping agent and dope, is an impurity element added to a crystal or semiconductor lattice in low concentrations in order to alter the optical/electrical properties of the semiconductor.
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A solid-state laser is a laser that uses a gain medium that is a solid, rather than a liquid such as in dye lasers or a gas as in gas lasers. Semiconductor-based lasers are also in the solid state, but are generally considered as a separate class from solid-state lasers (see
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Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between radiation (electromagnetic radiation, or light, as well as particle radiation) and matter. Spectrometry is the measurement of these interactions and an instrument which performs such measurements is a spectrometer or
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Ytterbium (IPA: /ɪˈtɛː(r)biəm/) is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Yb and atomic number 70.
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Laser Physics is international scientific journal, published by MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA PUBLISHING , and distributed through [1] publishing company.
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topics of the journal
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Ambiguity is the property of words, terms, notations and concepts (within a particular context) as being undefined, undefinable, or without an obvious definition and thus having an unclear meaning.
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