Information about Asbestosis
)
| |
|---|---|
| Chest X-ray in asbestosis shows plaques above diaphragm | |
| ICD-10 | J61. |
| ICD-9 | 501 |
| DiseasesDB | 928 |
| MedlinePlus | 000118 |
| eMedicine | med/171 radio/52 |
| MeSH | D001195 |
Asbestosis is a chronic inflammatory medical condition affecting the parenchymal tissue of the lungs. It occurs after long-term, heavy exposure to asbestos, e.g. in mining, and is therefore regarded as an occupational lung disease. Sufferers have severe dyspnea (shortness of breath) and are at an increased risk regarding several different types of lung cancer.
As clear explanations are not always stressed in non-technical literature, care should be taken to distinguish between several forms of relevant diseases. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), these may defined as; asbestosis (the subject of this article), lung cancer, and mesothelioma (generally a very rare form of cancer, but increasing in frequency as people exposed to asbestos age).
Signs and symptoms
The primary symptom of asbestosis is generally the slow onset of shortness of breath on exertion.[1] In severe, advanced cases, this may lead to respiratory failure. Coughing is not usually a typical symptom, unless the patient has other, concomitant respiratory tract diseases.People with extensive occupational exposure to the mining, manufacturing, handling or removal of asbestos are at risk of developing asbestosis.[2] There is also an increased risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma. Asbestosis and lung cancer require prolonged exposure to asbestos. However, cases of mesothelioma have been documented with even 1-3 months of exposure,[3][4] and only indirect exposure (through air ventilation system.) Most cases of asbestosis do not present until 5-10 years after exposure to the material.
Pathogenesis
Asbestosis is the scarring of lung tissue (around terminal bronchioles and alveolar ducts) resulting from the inhalation of asbestos fibers.[5] There are two types of fibers, amphibole (thin and straight) and serpentine (curved). The former are primarily responsible for human disease as they are able to penetrate deeply into the lungs. When such fibers reach the alveoli (air sacs) in the lung, where oxygen is transferred into the blood, the foreign bodies (asbestos fibers) cause the activation of the lung's local immune system and provoke an inflammatory reaction. This inflammatory reaction can be described as chronic rather than acute, with a slow ongoing progression of the immune system in an attempt to eliminate the foreign fibres. Macrophages phagocytose (ingest) the fibers and stimulate fibroblasts to deposit connective tissue. Due to the asbestos fibres' natural resistance to digestion, the macrophage will die off, releasing certain cytokines and attracting further lung macrophages and fibrolastic cells to lay down fibrous tissue, which eventually forms a fibrous mass. The result is interstitial fibrosis. The fibrotic scar tissue causes alveolar walls to thicken, which reduces elasticity and gas diffusion, reducing oxygen transfer to the blood as well as the removal of carbon dioxide.Asbestosis presents as a restrictive lung disease. The total lung capacity (TLC) may be reduced through alveolar wall thickening. In the more severe cases, the drastic reduction in lung function due to the stiffening of the lungs and reduced TLC may induce right-sided heart failure (cor pulmonale).[6][7]
More than 50% of people affected with asbestosis develop plaques in the parietal pleura, in the space between the chest wall and lungs. Clinically, patients present with dry inspiratory crackles, clubbing of the fingers, and a diffuse fibrotic pattern in the lower lung lobes (where asbestosis is most prevalent).
Treatment
There is no curative treatment [8]. Oxygen therapy at home is often necessary to relieve the shortness of breath. Supportive treatment of symptoms includes respiratory physiotherapy to remove secretions from the lungs by postural drainage, chest percussion, and vibration. Nebulized medications to thin secretions may be prescribed.Legal issues
The first lawsuits against asbestos manufacturers were in 1929. Since then, many lawsuits have been filed against asbestos manufacturers and employers [8] , for neglecting to implement safety measures after the link between asbestos, asbestosis and mesothelioma became known (some reports seem to place this as early as 1898 in modern times). The liability resulting from the sheer number of lawsuits and people affected has reached billions of dollars. The amounts and method of allocating compensation have been the source of many court cases, and government attempts at resolution of existing and future cases.
See also
References
1. ^ Pathology of Asbestos-Associated Diseases, Victor L. Roggli, Tim D. Oury and Thomas A. Sporn, Springer, ISBN 0-387-20090-8
2. ^ Becklake MR. Asbestos-related diseases of the lung and other organs: Their epidemiology and implications for clinical practice. Am Rev Respir Dis 1976;114:187-227
3. ^ Occupational Characteristics of Cases with Asbestos-related Diseases in The Netherlands, ALEX BURDORF, MOHSSINE DAHHAN, and PAUL SWUSTE, Ann. Hyg., Aug 2003; 47: 485 - 492.
4. ^ HYGIENE STANDARDS FOR AIRBORNE AMOSITE ASBESTOS DUST: BRITISH OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE SOCIETY COMMITTEE ON HYGIENE STANDARDS, Committee on hygiene standards:, J. Glover, J. M. Barnes, D. Turner, S. A. Roach, D. E. Hickish, Sub-committee on asbestos:, J. C. Gilson, C. G. Addingley, G. Berry, S. Holmes, R. Hunt, H. C. Lewinsohn, S. G. Luxon, W. J. Smither, and S. A. Roach, Ann. Hyg., April 1973; 16: 1 - 5.
5. ^ Asbestosis: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, And Annotated Research Guide, Icon Health Publications, ISBN 0-597-84339-2
6. ^ Asbestos content of lung tissue and carcinoma of the lung: a clinicopathologic correlation and mineral fiber analysis of 234 cases, Victor L. Roggli and Linda L. Sanders, Ann. Hyg., Apr 2000; 44: 109 - 117.
7. ^ An Expert System for the Evaluation of Historical Asbestos Exposure as Diagnostic Criterion in Asbestos-related Diseases, Alex Burdorf and Paul Swuste, Ann. Hyg., Jan 1999; 43: 57 - 66.
8. ^ Asbestos: Medical and Legal Aspects, Fifth Edition, Barry I. Castleman, Aspen Publishers, ISBN 0-7355-5260-6
2. ^ Becklake MR. Asbestos-related diseases of the lung and other organs: Their epidemiology and implications for clinical practice. Am Rev Respir Dis 1976;114:187-227
3. ^ Occupational Characteristics of Cases with Asbestos-related Diseases in The Netherlands, ALEX BURDORF, MOHSSINE DAHHAN, and PAUL SWUSTE, Ann. Hyg., Aug 2003; 47: 485 - 492.
4. ^ HYGIENE STANDARDS FOR AIRBORNE AMOSITE ASBESTOS DUST: BRITISH OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE SOCIETY COMMITTEE ON HYGIENE STANDARDS, Committee on hygiene standards:, J. Glover, J. M. Barnes, D. Turner, S. A. Roach, D. E. Hickish, Sub-committee on asbestos:, J. C. Gilson, C. G. Addingley, G. Berry, S. Holmes, R. Hunt, H. C. Lewinsohn, S. G. Luxon, W. J. Smither, and S. A. Roach, Ann. Hyg., April 1973; 16: 1 - 5.
5. ^ Asbestosis: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, And Annotated Research Guide, Icon Health Publications, ISBN 0-597-84339-2
6. ^ Asbestos content of lung tissue and carcinoma of the lung: a clinicopathologic correlation and mineral fiber analysis of 234 cases, Victor L. Roggli and Linda L. Sanders, Ann. Hyg., Apr 2000; 44: 109 - 117.
7. ^ An Expert System for the Evaluation of Historical Asbestos Exposure as Diagnostic Criterion in Asbestos-related Diseases, Alex Burdorf and Paul Swuste, Ann. Hyg., Jan 1999; 43: 57 - 66.
8. ^ Asbestos: Medical and Legal Aspects, Fifth Edition, Barry I. Castleman, Aspen Publishers, ISBN 0-7355-5260-6
External links
- World Health Organization report
- British Government Health and Safety Executive
- Asbestos Exposure - National Cancer Institute, USA
- Public Health Guidance: Asbestos, Queensland Govt., Australia
- Integrated Risk Information System: Asbestos
- Information on Asbestos Induced Conditions
For other uses of "ICD", see ICD (disambiguation).
The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD
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List of ICD-10 codes. The version for 2007 is available online at [1]
Chapter Blocks Title
I Certain infectious and parasitic diseases
II Neoplasms
III Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism
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Chapter Blocks Title
I Certain infectious and parasitic diseases
II Neoplasms
III Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism
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For other uses of "ICD", see ICD (disambiguation).
The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD
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The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. These codes are in the public domain.
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The Diseases Database is a free website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions, symptoms, and medications.
It directly integrates the Unified Medical Language System.
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MedlinePlus is a website containing health information from the world's largest medical library, the United States National Library of Medicine. The site is intended to be used by health care providers and patients, and designed to provide up-to-date, authoritative information.
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Inflammation (Latin, inflammatio, to set on fire) is the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants.
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Parenchyma is a term used to describe a bulk of a substance. It is used in different ways in animals and in plants.
The term is New Latin, from Greek parenkhuma, visceral flesh, from parenkhein, to pour in beside : para-, beside + en-, in + khein, to pour.
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The term is New Latin, from Greek parenkhuma, visceral flesh, from parenkhein, to pour in beside : para-, beside + en-, in + khein, to pour.
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Biological tissue is a collection of interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism.
The study of tissue is known as histology, or, in connection with disease, histopathology.
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The study of tissue is known as histology, or, in connection with disease, histopathology.
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lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity.[1]]]
The lung is the essential respiration organ in air-breathing vertebrates, the most primitive being the lungfish.
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The lung is the essential respiration organ in air-breathing vertebrates, the most primitive being the lungfish.
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Asbestos is derived from a Greek adjective meaning inextinguishable. It is distinguished from other minerals by the fact that its crystals form long, thin fibers. Deposits of asbestos are found throughout the world.
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worldwide view of the subject.
Please [ improve this article] or discuss the issue on the talk page.
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Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually (but not always) from an ore body, vein, or (coal) seam.
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Main Article COPD
Occupational lung diseases are a specific branch of occupational diseases concerned primarily with work related exposures to harmful substances, be they dusts or gases, and the subsequent pulmonary disorders that may occur as a result.
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Occupational lung diseases are a specific branch of occupational diseases concerned primarily with work related exposures to harmful substances, be they dusts or gases, and the subsequent pulmonary disorders that may occur as a result.
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Dyspnea
Classifications and external resources
ICD-10 R 06.8
ICD-9 786.0
DiseasesDB 15892
MedlinePlus 003075 Dyspnea or Dyspnoea (Pronounced disp-nee-ah, from the Latin dyspnoea, Greek dyspnoia from
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Classifications and external resources
ICD-10 R 06.8
ICD-9 786.0
DiseasesDB 15892
MedlinePlus 003075 Dyspnea or Dyspnoea (Pronounced disp-nee-ah, from the Latin dyspnoea, Greek dyspnoia from
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Lung cancer
Classification & external resources
Cross section of a human lung. The white area in the upper lobe is cancer; the black areas indicate the patient was a smoker.
ICD-10 C 33. -C 34.
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Classification & external resources
Cross section of a human lung. The white area in the upper lobe is cancer; the black areas indicate the patient was a smoker.
ICD-10 C 33. -C 34.
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Lung cancer
Classification & external resources
Cross section of a human lung. The white area in the upper lobe is cancer; the black areas indicate the patient was a smoker.
ICD-10 C 33. -C 34.
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Classification & external resources
Cross section of a human lung. The white area in the upper lobe is cancer; the black areas indicate the patient was a smoker.
ICD-10 C 33. -C 34.
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Mesothelioma
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 C45
ICD-9 163
ICD-O: 9050-9055
OMIM 156240
DiseasesDB 8074
MedlinePlus 000115
eMedicine med/1457 Mesothelioma
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Classification & external resources
ICD-10 C45
ICD-9 163
ICD-O: 9050-9055
OMIM 156240
DiseasesDB 8074
MedlinePlus 000115
eMedicine med/1457 Mesothelioma
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Dyspnea
Classifications and external resources
ICD-10 R 06.8
ICD-9 786.0
DiseasesDB 15892
MedlinePlus 003075 Dyspnea or Dyspnoea (Pronounced disp-nee-ah, from the Latin dyspnoea, Greek dyspnoia from
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Classifications and external resources
ICD-10 R 06.8
ICD-9 786.0
DiseasesDB 15892
MedlinePlus 003075 Dyspnea or Dyspnoea (Pronounced disp-nee-ah, from the Latin dyspnoea, Greek dyspnoia from
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MeSH D012131 Respiratory failure is a medical term for inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system. Respiratory failure can be indicated by observing a drop in blood oxygen level (hypoxemia) and/or a rise in arterial carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) which can be written as
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Cough
Classifications and external resources
ICD-10 R 05.
ICD-9 786.2
A cough, also known as tussis is a sudden, often repetitive, spasmodic contraction of the thoracic cavity, resulting in violent release of air from the lungs, and
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Classifications and external resources
ICD-10 R 05.
ICD-9 786.2
A cough, also known as tussis is a sudden, often repetitive, spasmodic contraction of the thoracic cavity, resulting in violent release of air from the lungs, and
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Lung cancer
Classification & external resources
Cross section of a human lung. The white area in the upper lobe is cancer; the black areas indicate the patient was a smoker.
ICD-10 C 33. -C 34.
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Classification & external resources
Cross section of a human lung. The white area in the upper lobe is cancer; the black areas indicate the patient was a smoker.
ICD-10 C 33. -C 34.
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Mesothelioma
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 C45
ICD-9 163
ICD-O: 9050-9055
OMIM 156240
DiseasesDB 8074
MedlinePlus 000115
eMedicine med/1457 Mesothelioma
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Classification & external resources
ICD-10 C45
ICD-9 163
ICD-O: 9050-9055
OMIM 156240
DiseasesDB 8074
MedlinePlus 000115
eMedicine med/1457 Mesothelioma
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Asbestos is derived from a Greek adjective meaning inextinguishable. It is distinguished from other minerals by the fact that its crystals form long, thin fibers. Deposits of asbestos are found throughout the world.
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Macrophages (Greek: "big eaters", from makros "large" + phagein "eat") are cells within the tissues that originate from specific white blood cells called monocytes.
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A fibroblast is a type of cell that synthesizes and maintains the extracellular matrix of many animal tissues. Fibroblasts provide a structural framework (stroma) for many tissues, and play a critical role in wound healing.
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A fibroblast is a type of cell that synthesizes and maintains the extracellular matrix of many animal tissues. Fibroblasts provide a structural framework (stroma) for many tissues, and play a critical role in wound healing.
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Cytokines are a group of proteins and peptides that are used in organisms as signaling compounds. These chemical signals are similar to hormones and neurotransmitters and are used to allow one cell to communicate with another.
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Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in this state.
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males females
taller people shorter people
non-smokers heavy smokers
professional athletes[1] non-athletes
people living at high altitudes people living at low altitudes
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males females
taller people shorter people
non-smokers heavy smokers
professional athletes[1] non-athletes
people living at high altitudes people living at low altitudes
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