Information about Arterioles
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An arteriole is a small diameter blood vessel that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries.
Arterioles have thin muscular walls (usually only one to two layers of smooth muscle) and are the primary site of vascular resistance[1].
This means blood pressure in the arteries supplying the body is a result of the interaction between the cardiac output (the volume of blood the heart is pumping per minute) and the vascular resistance, usually termed total peripheral resistance by physicians and researchers.
Natural fluctuation
The up and down fluctuation of the arterial blood pressure is due to the pulsatile nature of the cardiac output and determined by the interaction of the stroke volume versus the volume and elasticity of the major arteries.In a healthy vascular system the endothelium, inner lining of arterioles and other blood vessels, is smooth and the vessel is relaxed.
This healthy condition is promoted by the ample production of nitric oxide in the endothelium, which biochemical reaction is regulated by a complex balance of polyphenols, various nitric oxide synthase enzymes and L-arginine. In addition there is direct communication via gap junctions between the endothelial cells and the vascular smooth muscle
Pathology
Any pathogen which constricts blood flow, such as stenosis, will increase total peripheral resistance and lead to hypertension.Medication
The muscular contraction of arterioles is targeted by drugs that lower blood pressure (antihypertensives), for example the dihydropyridines (nifedipine and nicardipine), which block the calcium conductance in the muscular layer of the arterioles, causing relaxation.This decreases the resistance to flow into peripheral vascular beds, lowering overall systemic pressure.
Metarterioles
A "metarteriole" is an arteriole which bypasses capillary circulation.[2]References
Cardiovascular system |
|---|
| Blood | Heart → Aorta → Arteries → Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins → Vena cava → Heart → Pulmonary arteries → Lungs → Pulmonary vein |
Blood is a specialized biological fluid consisting of red blood cells (also called RBCs or erythrocytes), white blood cells (also called leukocytes) and platelets (also called thrombocytes) suspended in a complex fluid medium known as blood plasma.
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The blood vessels are part of the cardiovascular system and function to transport blood throughout the body. The most important types, arteries and veins, carry blood away from or towards the heart, respectively.
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Arteries are muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.[1] All arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary and umbilical arteries, carry oxygenated blood.
The circulatory system is extremely important for sustaining life.
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The circulatory system is extremely important for sustaining life.
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capillary is used to describe any very narrow tube or channel through which a fluid can pass. See capillary action for details.
Capillaries are the smallest of a body's blood vessels, measuring 5-10 μm, which connect arterioles and venules, and are
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MUSCLE (multiple sequence comparison by log-expectation) is public domain, multiple sequence alignment software for protein and nucleotide sequences.
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Blood pressure (strictly speaking: vascular pressure) refers to the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels, and constitutes one of the principal vital signs.
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Cardiac output (CO) is the volume of blood being pumped by the heart, in particular by a ventricle in a minute.
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Normal Output
Cardiac output is equal to the stroke volume (SV) multiplied by the heart rate (HR)...... Click the link for more information.
Total peripheral resistance refers to the cumulative resistance of the thousands of arterioles in the body, or the lungs, respectively. It is approximately equal to the resistance of the arterioles, since the arterioles are the chief resistance vessels in the body.
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Arteries are muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.[1] All arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary and umbilical arteries, carry oxygenated blood.
The circulatory system is extremely important for sustaining life.
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The circulatory system is extremely important for sustaining life.
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Cardiac output (CO) is the volume of blood being pumped by the heart, in particular by a ventricle in a minute.
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Normal Output
Cardiac output is equal to the stroke volume (SV) multiplied by the heart rate (HR)...... Click the link for more information.
Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction.
The stroke volume is not all of the blood contained in the left ventricle. The heart does not pump all the blood out of the ventricle.
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The stroke volume is not all of the blood contained in the left ventricle. The heart does not pump all the blood out of the ventricle.
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endothelium is the thin layer of cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. Endothelial cells line the entire circulatory system, from the heart to the smallest capillary.
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Nitric oxide or Nitrogen monoxide is a chemical compound with chemical formula NO. This gas is an important signaling molecule in the body of mammals including humans and is an extremely important intermediate in the chemical industry.
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Polyphenols are a group of chemical substances found in plants, characterized by the presence of more than one phenol group per molecule. Polyphenols are generally further subdivided into hydrolyzable tannins, which are gallic acid esters of glucose and other sugars; and
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The nitric oxide synthase (NOS; EC 1.14.13.39 ) is an enzyme in the body that contributes to transmission from one neuron to another, to the immune system and to dilating blood vessels.
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Enzymes are proteins that catalyze (i.e. accelerate) chemical reactions.[1] In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates, and the enzyme converts them into different molecules, the products.
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Arginine (abbreviated as Arg or R)[1] is an α-amino acid. The L -form is one of the 20 most common natural amino acids. Its codons are CGU, CGC, CGA and CGG.
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A stenosis is an abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure. It is also sometimes called a "stricture" (as in urethral stricture).
Stenoses of the vascular type are often associated with a noise (bruit) resulting from turbulent flow over the
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Stenoses of the vascular type are often associated with a noise (bruit) resulting from turbulent flow over the
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Hypertension
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 I 10. ,I 11. ,I 12. ,
I 13. ,I 15.
ICD-9 401.x
OMIM 145500
DiseasesDB 6330
MedlinePlus 000468
eMedicine med/1106 ped/1097 emerg/267
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Classification & external resources
ICD-10 I 10. ,I 11. ,I 12. ,
I 13. ,I 15.
ICD-9 401.x
OMIM 145500
DiseasesDB 6330
MedlinePlus 000468
eMedicine med/1106 ped/1097 emerg/267
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Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used in medicine and pharmacology to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). There are many classes of antihypertensives, which—by varying means—act by lowering blood pressure.
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Dihydropyridine is a molecule based upon pyridine, and the parent of a class of molecules that have been semi-saturated with two substituents replacing one double bond. They are particularly well known in pharmacology as L-type calcium channel blockers.
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Nifedipine (brand name Adalat, Nifedical, and Procardia) is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. Its main uses are in angina pectoris (especially Prinzmetal's angina) and hypertension, although a large number of other uses have recently been found for
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Nicardipine hydrochloride (Cardene®) is a medication used to treat high blood pressure and angina. It belongs to the class of calcium channel blockers.
Nicardipine is a dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocking agent used for the treatment of vascular disorders such as
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Nicardipine is a dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocking agent used for the treatment of vascular disorders such as
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Calcium channel blockers are a class of drugs and natural substances with effects on many excitable cells of the body, like the muscle of the heart, smooth muscles of the vessels or neuron cells. The latter are used as antiepileptics and are not covered in this article.
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Medical College of Georgia is the smallest of four research schools in the University System of Georgia (USG). MCG currently has 5 undergraduate and graduate schools on campus: The School of Medicine, School of Dentistry, School of Nursing, School of Allied Health, and Graduate
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Circulatory System is a psychedelic rock musical ensemble formed by musician/painter Will Cullen Hart, and featuring Hannah Jones, Derek Almstead, Peter Erchick, John Fernandes, and Heather McIntosh.
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Blood is a specialized biological fluid consisting of red blood cells (also called RBCs or erythrocytes), white blood cells (also called leukocytes) and platelets (also called thrombocytes) suspended in a complex fluid medium known as blood plasma.
..... Click the link for more information.
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heart is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood through the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions, or a similar structure in the annelids, mollusks, and arthropods.
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The aorta (generally pronounced [eɪˈɔːtə] or "ay-orta") is the largest artery in the human body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart and bringing oxygenated blood to all parts of the body in the systemic circulation.
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Arteries are muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.[1] All arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary and umbilical arteries, carry oxygenated blood.
The circulatory system is extremely important for sustaining life.
..... Click the link for more information.
The circulatory system is extremely important for sustaining life.
..... Click the link for more information.
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