Information about Applied Mechanics
Applied mechanics is a branch of the physical sciences and the practical application of mechanics. Applied mechanics examines the response of bodies (solids and fluids) or systems of bodies to external forces. Some examples of mechanical systems include the flow of a liquid under pressure, the fracture of a solid from an applied force, or the vibration of an ear in response to sound. A practitioner of the discipline is known as a mechanician.
Applied mechanics, as its name suggests, bridges the gap between physical theory and its application to technology. As such, applied mechanics is used in many fields of engineering, especially mechanical engineering. In this context, it is commonly referred to as engineering mechanics. Much of modern engineering mechanics is based on Isaac Newton's laws of motion while the modern practice of their application can be traced back to Timoshenko, who is said to be the father of modern engineering mechanics.
Within the theoretical sciences, applied mechanics is useful in formulating new ideas and theories, discovering and interpreting phenomena, and developing experimental and computational tools. In the application of the natural sciences, mechanics was said by the American Nobel Prize-winning chemist Gilbert N. Lewis and the American physical chemist Merle Randall to be complemented by thermodynamics, the study of heat and more generally energy, and electromechanics, the study of electricity and magnetism.[1]
As an enabling discipline, applied mechanics has received impetus from the study of natural phenomena such as orbits of planets, circulation of blood, locomotion of animals, crawling of cells, formation of mountains, and propagation of seismic waves. Such studies have resulted in disciplines such as celestial mechanics, biomechanics and geomechanics.
As a practical discipline, applied mechanics has also advanced by participating in major inventions throughout history, such as buildings, ships, automobiles, railways, petroleum refineries, engines, airplanes, nuclear reactors, composite materials, computers, and medical implants. In such connections, the discipline is also known as Engineering Mechanics, often practiced within Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Nuclear Engineering, Structural engineering and Bioengineering.
When treated as an area of study within a larger engineering curriculum, engineering mechanics can be subdivided into
Mechanics (Greek Μηχανική
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Mechanics (Greek Μηχανική
..... Click the link for more information.
Applied mechanics, as its name suggests, bridges the gap between physical theory and its application to technology. As such, applied mechanics is used in many fields of engineering, especially mechanical engineering. In this context, it is commonly referred to as engineering mechanics. Much of modern engineering mechanics is based on Isaac Newton's laws of motion while the modern practice of their application can be traced back to Timoshenko, who is said to be the father of modern engineering mechanics.
Within the theoretical sciences, applied mechanics is useful in formulating new ideas and theories, discovering and interpreting phenomena, and developing experimental and computational tools. In the application of the natural sciences, mechanics was said by the American Nobel Prize-winning chemist Gilbert N. Lewis and the American physical chemist Merle Randall to be complemented by thermodynamics, the study of heat and more generally energy, and electromechanics, the study of electricity and magnetism.[1]
Mechanics in practice
As a scientific discipline, applied mechanics derives many of its principles and methods from the Physical sciences (in particular, Mechanics and Classical Mechanics), from Mathematics and, increasingly, from Computer Science. As such, Applied Mechanics shares similar methods, theories, and topics with Applied Physics, Applied Mathematics, and Computational Science.As an enabling discipline, applied mechanics has received impetus from the study of natural phenomena such as orbits of planets, circulation of blood, locomotion of animals, crawling of cells, formation of mountains, and propagation of seismic waves. Such studies have resulted in disciplines such as celestial mechanics, biomechanics and geomechanics.
As a practical discipline, applied mechanics has also advanced by participating in major inventions throughout history, such as buildings, ships, automobiles, railways, petroleum refineries, engines, airplanes, nuclear reactors, composite materials, computers, and medical implants. In such connections, the discipline is also known as Engineering Mechanics, often practiced within Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Nuclear Engineering, Structural engineering and Bioengineering.
Applied mechanics in engineering
Typically, engineering mechanics is used to analyze and predict the acceleration and deformation (both elastic and plastic) of objects under known forces (also called loads) or stresses.When treated as an area of study within a larger engineering curriculum, engineering mechanics can be subdivided into
- Statics, the study of non-moving bodies under known loads
- Dynamics (or kinetics), the study of how forces affect moving bodies
- Mechanics of materials or strength of materials, the study of how different materials deform under various types of stress
- Deformation mechanics, the study of deformations typically in the elastic range
- Fluid Mechanics, the study of how fluids react to forces. Note that fluid mechanics can be further split into fluid statics and fluid dynamics, and is itself a subdiscipline of continuum mechanics. The application of fluid mechanics in engineering is called hydraulics.
- Continuum mechanics is a method of applying mechanics that assumes that all objects are continuous. It is contrasted by mechanics and the finite element method.
Major topics of applied mechanics
- Acoustics
- Analytical mechanics
- Computational mechanics
- Contact mechanics
- Continuum mechanics
- Dynamics (mechanics)
- Elasticity (physics)
- Experimental mechanics
- Finite element method
- Fluid mechanics
- Fracture mechanics
- Mechanics of materials
- Mechanics of structures
- Plasticity
- Rotordynamics
- Solid mechanics
- Stress waves
- Viscoelasticity
Examples of applications
See also
- Biomechanics
- Geomechanics
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Mechanical engineering
- Mechanicians
- Mechanics
- Physics
- Principle of moments
- Structural analysis
Further reading
- S.P. Timoshenko, "History of Strength of Materials", Dover.
- J.E. Gordon, "The New Science of Strong Materials", Princeton, 1984.
- H. Petroski, "To Engineer Is Human", St. Martins, 1985.
- T.A. McMahon and J.T. Bonner, "On Size and Life", Scientific American Library, W.H. Freeman, 1983.
- M.F. Ashby, "Materials Selection in Design", Pergamon, 1992.
- A.H. Cottrell, "Mechanical Properties of Matter", Wiley, New York, 1964.
- S.A. Wainwright, W.D. Biggs, J.D. Currey, J.M. Gosline, "Mechanical Design in Organisms", Edward Arnold, 1976.
- S. Vogel, "Comparative Biomechanics", Princeton, 2003.
- J. Howard, "Mechanics of Motor Proteins and the Cytoskeleton", Sinauer Associates, 2001.
- J.L. Meriam, L.G. Kraige. "Engineering Mechanics Volume 2: Dynamics", John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1986.
- J.L. Meriam, L.G. Kraige. "Engineering Mechanics Volume 1: Statics", John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1986.
- S.P. Timoshenko, "History of Strength of Materials", Dover, New York, 1953.
External links
- iMechanica, the web of mechanics and mechanicians.
Accredited academic programs
- Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics at California Institute of Technology
- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics at Cornell University
- Engineering Mechanics at University of Illinois
- Applied Mechanics at Indian Institute of Technology Chennai (Madras)
- Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics at University of Minnesota
- Engineering Mechanics at Pennsylvania State University
- Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics at University of Texas at Austin
- Engineering Mechanics at Virginia Tech
- Engineering Mechanics and Astronautics at University of Wisconsin, Madison
- Mechanical Engineering at New Mexico Tech
Professional organizations
- American Academy of Mechanics
- Applied Mechanics Division, American Society of Mechanical Engineers
- International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
- US National Committee on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Professional publications
- Advances in Applied Mechanics
- Applied Mechanics Reviews
- International Journal of Solids and Structures
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics
- Journal of Mechanics of Materials and Structures
- Journal of Applied Mechanics
- Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids
- Mechanics of Materials
- Mechanics Research Communications
- Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics
- Nonlinear Dynamics
- Journal of Vibration and Control
References
Physical science is an encompassing term for the branches of natural science, and science, that study non-living systems, in contrast to the biological sciences. However, the term "physical" creates an unintended, somewhat arbitrary distinction, since many branches of physical
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For other uses, see Mechanic (disambiguation).
Mechanics (Greek Μηχανική
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In physics, force is an action or agency that causes a body of mass m to accelerate. It may be experienced as a lift, a push, or a pull. The acceleration of the body is proportional to the vector sum of all forces acting on it (known as net force or resultant force).
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Liquid is one of the four principal states of matter. A liquid is a fluid that can freely form a distinct surface at the boundaries of its bulk material.
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Characteristics
A liquid's shape is determined by, not confined to, the container it fills...... Click the link for more information.
Pressure (symbol: p) is the force per unit area applied on a surface in a direction perpendicular to that surface.
Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to the local atmospheric or ambient pressure.
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Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to the local atmospheric or ambient pressure.
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A solid object is in the states of matter characterized by resistance to deformation and changes of volume. At the microscopic scale, a solid has these properties :
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- The atoms or molecules that comprise the solid are packed closely together.
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In physics, force is an action or agency that causes a body of mass m to accelerate. It may be experienced as a lift, a push, or a pull. The acceleration of the body is proportional to the vector sum of all forces acting on it (known as net force or resultant force).
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Sound is a disturbance of mechanical energy that propagates through matter as a wave (through fluids as a compression wave, and through solids as both compression and shear waves).
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A mechanician is an engineer or a scientist working in the field of mechanics, or in a related or sub-field: engineering or computational mechanics, applied mechanics, geomechanics, biomechanics, and mechanics of materials.
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Engineering is the applied science of acquiring and applying knowledge to design, analysis, and/or construction of works for practical purposes. The American Engineers' Council for Professional Development, also known as ECPD,[1] (later ABET [2]
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Mechanical Engineering is an engineering discipline that involves the application of principles of physics for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems.
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Sir Isaac Newton
Isaac Newton at 46 in
Godfrey Kneller's 1689 portrait
Born 4 January 1643 [OS: 25 December 1642]
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Isaac Newton at 46 in
Godfrey Kneller's 1689 portrait
Born 4 January 1643 [OS: 25 December 1642]
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Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws which provide relationships between the forces acting on a body and the motion of the body, first compiled by Sir Isaac Newton.
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Stephen P. Timoshenko or Stepan Prokofyevich Timoshenko (Ukrainian: Степан Тимошенко, Russian:
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natural science refers to a rational approach to the study of the universe, which is understood as obeying rules or laws of natural origin. The term natural science
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Gilbert Newton Lewis (October 23, 1875 - March 23, 1946) was a famous American physical chemist known for his 1902 Lewis dot structures, his 1916 paper "The Atom and the Molecule", which is the foundation of modern valence bond theory, developed in coordination with Irving
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Merle Randall (1888-1950) was an American physical chemist famous for his work, over the period of 25 years, in measuring free energy calculations of compounds with Gilbert N. Lewis.
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Thermodynamics (from the Greek θερμη, therme, meaning "heat" and δυναμις, dynamis, meaning "power") is a branch of physics that studies the effects of changes in temperature, pressure, and volume on
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energy (from the Greek ενεργός, energos, "active, working")[1] is a scalar physical quantity that is a property of objects and systems of objects which is conserved by nature.
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In engineering, electromechanics combines the sciences of electromagnetism of electrical engineering and mechanics. Mechatronics is the discipline of engineering that combines mechanics, electronics and information technology (software engineering).
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Electricity (from New Latin ēlectricus, "amberlike") is a general term for a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge. This includes many well-known physical phenomena such as lightning, electromagnetic fields and electric currents,
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magnetism is one of the phenomena by which materials exert attractive or repulsive forces on other materials. Some well known materials that exhibit easily detectable magnetic properties (called magnets) are nickel, iron and their alloys; however, all materials are influenced to
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Physical science is an encompassing term for the branches of natural science, and science, that study non-living systems, in contrast to the biological sciences. However, the term "physical" creates an unintended, somewhat arbitrary distinction, since many branches of physical
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
For other uses, see Mechanic (disambiguation).
Mechanics (Greek Μηχανική
..... Click the link for more information.
Classical mechanics (commonly confused with Newtonian mechanics, which is a subfield thereof) is used for describing the motion of macroscopic objects, from projectiles to parts of machinery, as well as astronomical objects, such as spacecraft, planets, stars, and galaxies.
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Mathematics (colloquially, maths or math) is the body of knowledge centered on such concepts as quantity, structure, space, and change, and also the academic discipline that studies them. Benjamin Peirce called it "the science that draws necessary conclusions".
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Computer science, or computing science, is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems.
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Applied physics is a general term for physics which is intended for a particular technological or practical use. "Applied" is distinguished from "pure" by a subtle combination of factors such as the motivation and attitude of researchers and the nature of the relationship to the
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Applied mathematics is a branch of mathematics that concerns itself with the mathematical techniques typically used in the application of mathematical knowledge to other domains.
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