Information about Ambassador
An ambassador is a diplomatic official accredited to a foreign sovereign or government, or to an international organization, to serve as the official representative of his or her own country. In everyday usage it applies to the ranking government representative stationed in a foreign capital. The host country typically allows the ambassador control of specific territory called an embassy, whose territory, staff, and even vehicles are generally afforded diplomatic immunity in the host country.
Historically, officials representing their countries abroad were termed ministers, but this term was also applied to diplomats of the second rank. The Congress of Vienna of 1815 formalized the system of diplomatic rank under international law:
Ambassadors are ministers of the highest rank, with plenipotentiary authority to represent their head of state. In modern usage, most Ambassadors on foreign postings as head of mission carry the full title of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary. "Ordinary" Ambassadors and non-plenipotentiary status are rarely used, although they may be encountered in certain circumstances.
Moreover, a Resident Ambassador is one who resides within the country to which (s)he is accredited. A Non-Resident Ambassador does not reside within the country to which (s)he is accredited but lives in a nearby country. Thus, a resident ambassador to a country might at the same time also be a non-resident ambassador to one or more other countries; this may be phrased as "Ambassador to" ... "with concurrent accreditation to" another country.
Among European powers, the ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary (French ambassadeur extraordinaire et plénipotentiaire or German ausserordentlicher und bevollmächtigter Botschafter) was historically deemed the personal representative of the Sovereign, and the custom of dispatching ambassadors to the head of state rather than the government has persisted. For example, ambassadors to and from the United Kingdom are accredited to or from the Royal Court of St. James's (referring to St. James's Palace).
Because 33members of the Commonwealth of Nations have or had a common head of state, they do not exchange ambassadors, but instead have High Commissioners which represent the government, rather than the head of state. In other respects, in diplomatic usage a High Commissioner is considering an equivalent rank and role to an Ambassador.
Ranking below full ambassador are the rank of Envoy, Minister resident and Chargé d'affaires. They represent their government rather than their head of state. For further details, see diplomatic rank.
While the title generally reflects the Ambassador's position as head of a diplomatic mission, in some countries the term may also represent a rank held by career diplomats, as a matter of internal promotion, regardless of the posting, and in many national careers it is quite common for them to be appointed to other functions, especially within the ministry/ministries in charge of foreign affairs, in some countries in systematic alteration with actual postings.
The formal form of address for an ambassador is generally the form that would be used to address a head of state: "(Your/His/Her) Excellency" followed by name and/or the country represented. In many countries, less formal variations are frequently used, such as "Ambassador" followed by name, or the name followed by "Ambassador of...". In the United States, "Mr. Ambassador" may be used.
In some countries, a former Ambassador may continue to be styled and addressed as Ambassador throughout his or her life (in the United States, "Mr. Ambassador" or equivalent terms for females may be heard). In other countries, Ambassador is a title that accrues to the individual only with respect to a specific position, and may not be used after leaving the position. Some countries do not use the term while an Ambassador is in the home country, as the individual is not an Ambassador there; for example, a Canadian Ambassador while in Canada is not generally addressed as Ambassador, although he or she may be referred to as "Canadian Ambassador to ...", that is, with reference to a specific job function; they are never addressed or styled as Ambassador after leaving a position or retiring.
In French speaking regions such as France, Wallonia or Quebec, the title of ''ambassadeur person.
Diplomats
Role
The senior diplomatic officers among members of the Commonwealth of Nations are known as High Commissioners, who are the heads of High Commissions. Representatives of the Holy See are known as Papal or Apostolic Nuncios.Historically, officials representing their countries abroad were termed ministers, but this term was also applied to diplomats of the second rank. The Congress of Vienna of 1815 formalized the system of diplomatic rank under international law:
Ambassadors are ministers of the highest rank, with plenipotentiary authority to represent their head of state. In modern usage, most Ambassadors on foreign postings as head of mission carry the full title of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary. "Ordinary" Ambassadors and non-plenipotentiary status are rarely used, although they may be encountered in certain circumstances.
Moreover, a Resident Ambassador is one who resides within the country to which (s)he is accredited. A Non-Resident Ambassador does not reside within the country to which (s)he is accredited but lives in a nearby country. Thus, a resident ambassador to a country might at the same time also be a non-resident ambassador to one or more other countries; this may be phrased as "Ambassador to" ... "with concurrent accreditation to" another country.
Among European powers, the ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary (French ambassadeur extraordinaire et plénipotentiaire or German ausserordentlicher und bevollmächtigter Botschafter) was historically deemed the personal representative of the Sovereign, and the custom of dispatching ambassadors to the head of state rather than the government has persisted. For example, ambassadors to and from the United Kingdom are accredited to or from the Royal Court of St. James's (referring to St. James's Palace).
Because 33members of the Commonwealth of Nations have or had a common head of state, they do not exchange ambassadors, but instead have High Commissioners which represent the government, rather than the head of state. In other respects, in diplomatic usage a High Commissioner is considering an equivalent rank and role to an Ambassador.
Ranking below full ambassador are the rank of Envoy, Minister resident and Chargé d'affaires. They represent their government rather than their head of state. For further details, see diplomatic rank.
While the title generally reflects the Ambassador's position as head of a diplomatic mission, in some countries the term may also represent a rank held by career diplomats, as a matter of internal promotion, regardless of the posting, and in many national careers it is quite common for them to be appointed to other functions, especially within the ministry/ministries in charge of foreign affairs, in some countries in systematic alteration with actual postings.
The formal form of address for an ambassador is generally the form that would be used to address a head of state: "(Your/His/Her) Excellency" followed by name and/or the country represented. In many countries, less formal variations are frequently used, such as "Ambassador" followed by name, or the name followed by "Ambassador of...". In the United States, "Mr. Ambassador" may be used.
In some countries, a former Ambassador may continue to be styled and addressed as Ambassador throughout his or her life (in the United States, "Mr. Ambassador" or equivalent terms for females may be heard). In other countries, Ambassador is a title that accrues to the individual only with respect to a specific position, and may not be used after leaving the position. Some countries do not use the term while an Ambassador is in the home country, as the individual is not an Ambassador there; for example, a Canadian Ambassador while in Canada is not generally addressed as Ambassador, although he or she may be referred to as "Canadian Ambassador to ...", that is, with reference to a specific job function; they are never addressed or styled as Ambassador after leaving a position or retiring.
Extraordinary postings
Not unlike many diplomats of the lower rank of Resident (Minister) or the usually full rank of high commissioner, or in other circumstances a Consul representative, an ambassador can in specific historical conditions be entrusted with a task that is no less administrative than diplomatic, such as representing the protector in a protectorate of the subordinate kind, e.g. posted by France in the Saar (rather a mandate territory by another name, in part of Germany)Lists of ambassadors
- List of Ambassadors from Angola
- List of Ambassadors from Serbia
- List of Ambassadors from Ethiopia
- List of High Commissioners and Ambassadors from Australia
- List of Ambassadors from Egypt
- List of Ambassadors from Finland
- List of Israeli Ambassadors and List of Israeli ambassadors to the United States
- Ambassadors from the United States
- Ambassadors to the United States
- List of Ambassadors and High Commissioners to Canada
- List of Ambassadors and High Commissioners to the United Kingdom
Non-diplomatic ambassadorships
In a less formal sense, the word is used for high-profile non-diplomatic representative of various entities (rarely states), mainly cultural and charitable organisations, often as willing figure heads to attract media attention, e.g. film and pop stars makes appeals to the public at large for UNESCO activities (see UNESCO Goodwill Ambassadors), sometimes during press-swarmed visits in the field.In French speaking regions such as France, Wallonia or Quebec, the title of ''ambassadeur person.
See also
Relevant Books
Rana, K.(2004)."The 21st Century Ambassador: Plenipotentiary to Chief Executive" DiploFoundation ISBN 99909-55-18-2External links
Sovereignty is the exclusive right to complete political (e.g. legislative, judicial, and/or executive) control over an area of governance, people, or oneself. A sovereign is the supreme lawmaking authority, subject to no other.
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government is a body that has the power to make and the authority to enforce rules and laws within a civil, corporate, religious, academic, or other organization or group.[1]
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International Organization is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the entire field of international affairs. Subject areas include: foreign policies, international relations, international and comparative political economy, security policies, environmental disputes
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capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has a second meaning based on an alternative sense of "capital") is the center of government.
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diplomatic mission is a group of people from one state or an international inter-governmental organization (such as the United Nations) present in another state to represent the sending state/organization in the receiving state.
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Diplomatic immunity is a form of legal immunity and a policy held between governments, which ensures that diplomats are given safe passage and are considered not susceptible to lawsuit or prosecution under the host country's laws (although they can be expelled).
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Headquarters
(and largest city)
Official languages English
Membership 53 sovereign states
Leaders
- Head of the Commonwealth Queen Elizabeth II
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(and largest city)
Official languages English
Membership 53 sovereign states
Leaders
- Head of the Commonwealth Queen Elizabeth II
..... Click the link for more information.
High Commissioner is the title of various high-ranking, special executive positions held by a commission of appointment.
The English term is also used to render various equivalent titles in other languages.
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The English term is also used to render various equivalent titles in other languages.
..... Click the link for more information.
High Commissioner is the title of various high-ranking, special executive positions held by a commission of appointment.
The English term is also used to render various equivalent titles in other languages.
..... Click the link for more information.
The English term is also used to render various equivalent titles in other languages.
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Holy See
This article is part of the series:
Politics of the Vatican City
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This article is part of the series:
Politics of the Vatican City
- Pope
- Benedict XVI
- Roman Curia
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Nuncio is an ecclesiastical diplomatic title, derived from the ancient Latin Nuntius, meaning any envoy. This article treats that title as well as derived similar titles, all in the Roman Catholic Church.
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The Congress of Vienna was a conference between ambassadors from the major powers in Europe that was chaired by the Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von Metternich and held in Vienna, Austria, from late September, 1814, to June 9, 1815.
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The system of diplomatic rank has over time been formalised on an international basis.
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Traditional diplomacy
Until the early 19th Century, each European nation had its own system of diplomatic rank...... Click the link for more information.
International law can refer to three distinct legal disciplines.
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- public international law, which involves for instance the United Nations, maritime law, international criminal law and the Geneva conventions.
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The word plenipotentiary (from the Latin, plenus + potens, full + power) has two meanings.
As a noun, it refers to a person who has "full powers".
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As a noun, it refers to a person who has "full powers".
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In diplomatic usage, Head of Mission is the generic term used to refer to the head of a diplomatic representation, such as an Ambassador, High Commissioner, Nuncio, Chargé d'affaires, Permanent Representative, and sometimes to a Consul-General or Consul.
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Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. Physically and geologically, Europe is the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, west of Asia. Europe is bounded to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the west by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the Mediterranean Sea,
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Motto
"Dieu et mon droit" [2] (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
"God Save the Queen" [3]
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"Dieu et mon droit" [2] (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
"God Save the Queen" [3]
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The Court of St. James's is the popular name of the royal court of the United Kingdom. The court is considered to sit wherever the Sovereign, currently Queen Elizabeth II, happens to be.
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St. James's Palace is one of London's oldest palaces. It is situated on Pall Mall in London, just north of St. James's Park.
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History
The palace was commissioned by Henry VIII, on the site of a former leper hospital dedicated to Saint James the Younger (from whom the Palace..... Click the link for more information.
Headquarters
(and largest city)
Official languages English
Membership 53 sovereign states
Leaders
- Head of the Commonwealth Queen Elizabeth II
..... Click the link for more information.
(and largest city)
Official languages English
Membership 53 sovereign states
Leaders
- Head of the Commonwealth Queen Elizabeth II
..... Click the link for more information.
High Commissioner is the title of various high-ranking, special executive positions held by a commission of appointment.
The English term is also used to render various equivalent titles in other languages.
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The English term is also used to render various equivalent titles in other languages.
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In diplomacy, chargé d'affaires (French for "in charge of business"), is the title of two classes of diplomatic agents:
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- Chargés d'affaires (ministres chargés d'affaires), who were placed by the reglement
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The system of diplomatic rank has over time been formalised on an international basis.
..... Click the link for more information.
Traditional diplomacy
Until the early 19th Century, each European nation had its own system of diplomatic rank...... Click the link for more information.
A Resident, or in full Resident Minister, is a state official of certain representative -diplomatic and/or colonial- types, required to take up permanent residency abroad officially.
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Consul is used for the official representatives of the government of one state in the territory of another, normally acting to assist and protect the citizens of the consul's own country, and to facilitate trade and friendship between the people of the country to whom he or she is
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protectorate is a political entity (a sovereign state or less developed native polity, such as a tribal chiefstainship or feudal princely state) that formally agrees by treaty to enter into an unequal relationship with another, stronger state, called the protector
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The Saar, corresponding to the current German state of Saarland, was a protectorate under French control between 1947 and 1956.
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History
Under the Treaty of Versailles the Saar had earlier been governed by the League of Nations for a period of 15 years from 1920, and its..... Click the link for more information.
Angola
This article is part of the series:
Politics and government of
Angola
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This article is part of the series:
Politics and government of
Angola
- President
- Jos Eduardo dos Santos
- Prime Minister
- Fernando dos Santos
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Ambassadors from Serbia. The list is in alphabetical order by country. In brackets are the countries for which the embassy is responsible on non-residential basis. [1]
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List of Ambassadors
- Albania — Miroljub Zarić
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