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Information about Alprostadil

Alprostadil is the pharmaceutical name for prostaglandin E1. It is used as a drug in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and has vasodilatory properties.[1] It is sold in the United States under the brand name Muse.[2] It is also sold as Caverject and Edex.

Muse delivers alprostadil as a penile suppository, inserted into the eurethra, at least ten minutes before the erection will be needed. Caverject and Edex are similarly fast-acting, but are actually injected directly into the penis[1].

This drug is reputed to work for erectile dysfunction for 30 to 60 minutes.

This drug, following on the coattails of Viagra, has failed to achieve comparable above-ground market share in the United States, perhaps in part because of the invasive means of delivery.

It is also used in maintaining a patent ductus arteriosus in the fetus. This is primarily useful when there is threat of premature closure of the ductus arteriosus.

References



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Urologicals (G04)
AcidifiersAmmonium chloride, Calcium chloride
Urinary antispasmodics (primarily antimuscarinics)Darifenacin, Emepronium, Flavoxate, Meladrazine, Oxybutynin, Propiverine, Solifenacin, Terodiline, Tolterodine, Trospium
For erectile dysfunctionAlprostadil, Apomorphine, Moxisylyte, Papaverine, Phentolamine, Yohimbine, PDE5 inhibitors (Avanafil, Sildenafil, Tadalafil, Udenafil, Vardenafil)
Other urologicalsAcetohydroxamic acid, Collagen, Dimethyl sulfoxide, Magnesium hydroxide, Pentosan polysulfate, Phenazopyridine, Phenyl salicylate, Succinimide
For benign prostatic hypertrophy5α-reductase inhibitors: Dutasteride, Finasteride
Alpha blockers: Alfuzosin, Doxazosin, Tamsulosin, Terazosin
Herbals: Pygeum africanum, Serenoa repens
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Eicosanoids: prostaglandins
Endogenous/series 2D2 - E2 (Dinoprostone) - H2 - I2 (Prostacyclin)
Prostaglandin analoguesAlprostadil - Beraprost - Bimatoprost - Carboprost - Enprostil - Iloprost - Latanoprost - Misoprostol - Travoprost - Treprostinil
prostaglandin is any member of a group of lipid compounds that are derived enzymatically from fatty acids and have important functions in the animal body. Every prostaglandin contains 20 carbon atoms, including a 5-carbon ring.
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MeSH D007172 Erectile dysfunction (ED or (male) impotence) is a sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis.
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A vasodilator is a drug or chemical that relaxes the smooth muscle in blood vessels, which causes them to dilate. Dilation of arterial blood vessels (mainly arterioles) lead to a decrease in blood pressure.
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Motto
"In God We Trust"   (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum"   ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
Anthem
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suppository is a drug delivery system that is inserted either into the rectum (rectal suppository), vagina (vaginal suppository) or urethra (urethral suppository) where it dissolves. They are used to deliver both systemically-acting and locally-acting medications.
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Sildenafil citrate, sold under the names Viagra, Revatio and under various other names, is a drug used to treat male erectile dysfunction (impotence) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), developed by the pharmaceutical company Pfizer.
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MeSH C14.240.400.340

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart defect wherein a child's ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth.
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fetus (or foetus, or fœtus) is a developing mammal or other viviparous vertebrate, after the embryonic stage and before birth. The plural is fetuses (foetuses, fœtuses) or, very rarely, foeti.
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Dorland's is the brand name of several different medical dictionaries and ancillary products, chiefly Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary (currently in its 31st edition) and Dorland's Pocket Medical Dictionary (currently in its 27th edition).
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Urology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and on the reproductive system of males. Medical professionals specializing in the field of urology are called urologists
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A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System.

G Genito-urinary system and sex hormones

G04B Other urologicals, including antispasmodics

G04BA Acidifiers

G04BA01 Ammonium chloride
G04BA03 Calcium chloride

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Acidifiers are inorganic chemicals that either produce or become acid.

These chemicals increase the level of gastric acid in the stomach when ingested, thus decreasing the stomach pH level.
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Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) (also Sal Ammoniac, salmiac, nushadir salt, zalmiak, sal armagnac, sal armoniac, salmiakki, salmiak and salt armoniack
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Calcium chloride is an ionic compound of calcium and chlorine. It is highly soluble in water and it is deliquescent. It is a salt that is solid at room temperature, and it behaves as a typical ionic halide.
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The urinary system is the organ system that produces, stores, and eliminates urine. In humans it includes two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, and the urethra. The analogous organ in invertebrates is the nephridium.
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antispasmodic (synonym: spasmolytic) is a drug that suppresses smooth muscle contraction, especially in tubular organs. The effect is to prevent spasms of the stomach, intestine or bladder.
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A muscarinic receptor antagonist is an agent that reduces the activity of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.

Examples include:
  • Belladonna alkaloids
  • Scopolamine (L-Hyoscine)

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Darifenacin (Enablex®, Novartis) is a medication used to treat urinary incontinence.

Darifenacin works by blocking the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions. It thereby decreases the urgency to urinate.
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Emepronium (as emepronium bromide) is an anticholinergic drug used in urology as an antispasmodic.


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Flavoxate is an anticholinergic with antimuscarinic effects. Its muscle relaxant properties may be due to a direct action on the smooth muscle rather than by antagonizing muscarinic receptors.

Clinical uses

Flavoxate is used to treat urinary bladder spasms.
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Meladrazine is a drug used in urology as an antispasmodic.


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Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic medication used to relieve urinary and bladder difficulties, including frequent urination and inability to control urination (urge incontinence), by decreasing muscle spasms of the bladder.
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Propiverine is a drug used in urology as an antispasmodic.


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Solifenacin (rINN), marketed as solifenacin succinate under the trade name Vesicare, is a urinary antispasmodic of the anticholinergic class. It is used in the treatment of overactive bladder with or without urge incontinence.
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Tolterodine is an antimuscarinic drug that is used to treat urinary incontinence. It is sold under the trade name Detrol.

Pharmacology

Tolterodine acts on M2 and M3 subtypes of muscarinic receptors whereas most antimuscarinic treatments for overactive bladder only
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Trospium is a urinary antispasmodic. It is sold under the brand name Sanctura in the US, and as Trosec in Canada.


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MeSH D007172 Erectile dysfunction (ED or (male) impotence) is a sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis.
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Apomorphine is a type of dopaminergic agonist, a morphine derivative (but does not actually contain morphine, or bind to opioid receptors). Apomorphine is a relatively non-selective dopamine receptor agonist, having possible slightly higher affinity for D2
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Moxisylyte is a drug used in urology used for erectile dysfunction.

References

  • The Merck Index, 12th Edition.

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