Zweikanalton

Information about Zweikanalton

Zweikanalton ("two channel sound") is a television sound transmission system used in Germany and other countries. It relies on two separate FM carriers. This offers relatively high separation between the channels (compared to a subcarrier-based multiplex system) and can thus be used for bilingual broadcasts as well as stereo.

The second FM carrier is transmitted on a frequency 242 kHz higher than the main FM carrier. This frequency is 13.5 times the line frequency, which reduces interference with the video signal. It can carry either a completely separate audio program, or be used for stereo sound transmission. In the latter case, the first FM carrier carries L+R for compatibility, while the second carrier carries R (not L-R.) After combining the two channels, this method improves Signal-to-noise ratio by reducing the correlated noise between the channels. The second carrier also contains a control tone to indicate whether the transmission is stereo or dual sound. This control tone is a 50% AM modulated tone. The carrier frequency is 3.5 times line frequency (54687.5 Hz) and the modulated tone frequency is 117.5 Hz for stereo transmission and 274.1 Hz for dual sound. Absence of this tone is interpreted as a monaural transmission.

There is a version of A2 used in Korea, compatible with the M standard of TV transmission. In this case the second FM carrier is 14.25 times the line frequency, or about 224 KHz, above the first carrier; pre-emphasis is 75 microseconds; the stereo control frequency is 149.9 Hz; the dual sound control frequency is 276 Hz; and the second channel carries L-R (not R).

Zweikanalton is known by a variety of names worldwide. Most commonly used names are German Stereo, A2 Stereo, West German Stereo and IGR Stereo.

In science and engineering

Frequency modulation, the carrying of information over an electromagnetic wave by varying its frequency. Its most common applications are:

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In telecommunications, a carrier wave, or carrier is a waveform (usually sinusoidal) that is modulated (modified) with an input signal for the purpose of conveying information, for example voice or data, to be transmitted.
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A subcarrier is a separate analog or digital signal carried on a main radio transmission, which carries extra information such as voice or data. More technically, it is an already-modulated signal, which is then modulated into another signal of higher frequency and bandwidth.
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In electronics, telecommunications and computer networks, multiplexing (short muxing) is a term used to refer to a process where multiple analog message signals or digital data streams are combined into one signal. The aim is to share an expensive resource.
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multilingualism can refer to an occurrence regarding an individual speaker who uses two or more languages, a community of speakers where two or more languages are used, or between speakers of different languages.
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Stereophonic sound, commonly called stereo, is the reproduction of sound, using two or more independent audio channels, through a symmetrical configuration of loudspeakers, in such a way as to create a pleasant and natural impression of sound heard from various directions,
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hertz (symbol: Hz) is the SI unit of frequency. Its base unit is cycle/s or s^-1 (also called inverse seconds, reciprocal seconds). In English, hertz is used as both singular and plural.
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Signal-to-noise ratio (often abbreviated SNR or S/N) is an electrical engineering concept defined as the ratio of a signal power to the noise power corrupting the signal.
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Multichannel television sound, better known as MTS (often still as BTSC, for the Broadcast Television Systems Committee that created it), is the method of encoding three additional channels of audio into an NTSC-format audio carrier.
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NICAM stands for Near Instantaneous Companded Audio Multiplex. It is an early form of lossy compression for digital audio. It was originally developed in the early 1970s for point-to-point links within broadcasting networks.
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A video format describes how one device sends video pictures to another device, such as the way that a DVD player sends pictures to a television, or a computer to a monitor.
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This article needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling.
You can assist by [ editing it] now. A how-to guide is available, as is general .
This article has been tagged since October 2007.
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NTSC-J is an analog television system and video display standard for the region of Japan.

Technical definition

It is based on 'regular' NTSC, but is slightly different.
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PAL-M is the TV system used in Brazil since February 19, 1972. At that time, Brazil was the first country in South America with broadcasting in color. Rede Bandeirantes passed to PAL-M that year, while other television stations - like Rede Globo and Tupi - made a progressive and
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PAL, short for Phase Alternating Line, is a colour encoding system used in broadcast television systems in large parts of the world. Other common analogue television systems are SECAM and NTSC.
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PALplus is an extension of the PAL analogue broadcasting system for transmitting programs without sacrificing vertical resolution. A standard PAL receiver will display the image in letterbox format with 432 active lines, while a PALplus
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SECAM, also written SÃ‰CAM (SÃ©quentiel couleur Ã mÃ©moire, French for "Sequential Color with Memory"), is an analog color television system first used in France.
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ITU System Letter Designation

The EMI system is officially known as System-A. As the EMI system predates PAL, there is no PAL designator in the ITU television system table.

USSR

USSR 1932 (mechanical): 30 lines, 12.

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The 405-line monochrome analogue television broadcasting system was the first electronic television system to be used in regular broadcasting. It was introduced with the BBC Television Service in 1936, suspended for the duration of World War II, and remained in operation in the UK
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Mechanical television was a television system that used mechanical or electromechanical devices to capture and display images. However, the images themselves were usually transmitted electronically and via radio waves.
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Multiplexed Analogue Components (MAC) was a satellite television transmission standard, originally proposed for use on a Europe-wide terrestrial HDTV system, although it was never used terrestrially.
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The introduction to this article may be too long. Please help improve the introduction by moving some material from it into the body of the article according to the suggestions at Wikipedia's .
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Teletext (or "broadcast Teletext") is a television information retrieval service developed in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s. It offers a range of text-based information, typically including national, international and sporting news, weather and TV schedules.
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Copy Generation Management System - Analog (CGMS-A) is a copy protection mechanism for analog television signals. It is not related to the Broadcast flag, which is designed for use in digital television signals.
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Ghost-canceling reference, or GCR, is a special sub-signal on a television channel that receivers can use to attenuate the ghosting effect of a television signal split into multiple paths between transmitter and receiver.
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