Information about Zero Marking Language
A zero-marking language is one where there tend to be no grammatical marks on either the dependents or modifiers or the heads or nuclei showing the relationship between different constituents of a phrase.
Pervasive zero marking is very rare, but instances of zero marking in various forms do occur in quite a number of languages. In many languages of South-East Asia, such as Thai and Vietnamese, neither the head verb nor its dependents are marked for any arguments or for the nouns' roles in the sentence.
Some languages use a similar process, called "juxtaposition" in linguistic jargon, to indicate possessive relationships. The rarity of pervasive zero marking is due to the fact that languages with juxtaposition have very much higher levels of inflection than languages with zero marking in noun phrases, so that the two almost never overlap.
Zero-marking, where it does occur, tends to show a strong relationship with word order. Languages where zero-marking is widespread are almost all verb-medial languages. This is because verb-medial order allows two or more nouns to be recognised as such much more easily than either verb-final or verb-initial order where two nouns might be adjacent and therefore their role in a sentence possibly confused. It is known indeed that languages will change from verb final to verb-medial order on removing marking from nouns.[1]
A language is a system of symbols and the rules used to manipulate them. Language can also refer to the use of such systems as a general phenomenon.
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Pervasive zero marking is very rare, but instances of zero marking in various forms do occur in quite a number of languages. In many languages of South-East Asia, such as Thai and Vietnamese, neither the head verb nor its dependents are marked for any arguments or for the nouns' roles in the sentence.
Some languages use a similar process, called "juxtaposition" in linguistic jargon, to indicate possessive relationships. The rarity of pervasive zero marking is due to the fact that languages with juxtaposition have very much higher levels of inflection than languages with zero marking in noun phrases, so that the two almost never overlap.
Zero-marking, where it does occur, tends to show a strong relationship with word order. Languages where zero-marking is widespread are almost all verb-medial languages. This is because verb-medial order allows two or more nouns to be recognised as such much more easily than either verb-final or verb-initial order where two nouns might be adjacent and therefore their role in a sentence possibly confused. It is known indeed that languages will change from verb final to verb-medial order on removing marking from nouns.[1]
Notes
1. ^ Languages with SOV word order and no morphological marking of core arguments, by Kaius Sinnemäki (pdf).
See also
References
- Maddieson, Ian. "Locus of Marking: Whole-Language Typology", in Martin Haspelmath et al. (eds.) The World Atlas of Language Structures, pp. 106–109. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-19-925591-1.
See Language (journal) for the linguistics journal.
A language is a system of symbols and the rules used to manipulate them. Language can also refer to the use of such systems as a general phenomenon.
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Grammar is the study of the rules governing the use of a given natural language, and as such a field of linguistics. Traditionally, grammar included morphology and syntax, in modern linguistics commonly expanded by the subfields of phonetics, phonology, orthography, semantics, and
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Dependency or dependent may refer to:
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- Medicine and psychology
- Chemical dependency, a need for a substance so strong that it becomes necessary to have this substance to function properly
- Co-dependency, a behavioural condition
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In grammar, a modifier (or qualifier) is a word or sentence element that limits or qualifies another word, a phrase, or a clause. In English, there are two kinds of modifiers: adjectives, which modify nouns and pronouns, and adverbs
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In linguistics, the head is the morpheme that determines the category of a compound or the word that determines the syntactic type of the phrase of which it is a member.
In the noun phrase big red dog, for instance, dog
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In the noun phrase big red dog, for instance, dog
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The nucleus is the tonic syllable of a sentence. It contributes to the meaning to such utterances of speaker. Enunciatively (the way the speaker utters), it's the main part of the opinion's talker.
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Thai}}}
Official status
Official language of: Thailand
Regulated by: The Royal Institute
Language codes
ISO 639-1: th
ISO 639-2: tha
ISO 639-3: tha
Thai (
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Official status
Official language of: Thailand
Regulated by: The Royal Institute
Language codes
ISO 639-1: th
ISO 639-2: tha
ISO 639-3: tha
Thai (
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Vietnamese (tiếng Việt, or less commonly Việt ngữ[1]), formerly known under the French colonization as Annamese (see Annam), is the national and official language of Vietnam.
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verb is a word belonging to the part of speech that usually denotes an action (bring, read), an occurrence (decompose, glitter), or a state of being (exist, stand).
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Examples
A proper or common noun can co-occur with an article or an attributive adjective. Verbs and adjectives can't. As usual, a `*' in front of an example means that this example is ungrammatical.
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A proper or common noun can co-occur with an article or an attributive adjective. Verbs and adjectives can't. As usual, a `*' in front of an example means that this example is ungrammatical.
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inflection or inflexion is the modification or marking of a word (or more precisely lexeme) to reflect grammatical (that is, relational) information, such as gender, tense, number or person.
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In linguistic typology, subject-verb-object (SVO), is a sentence structure where the subject comes first, the verb second, and the object third. Languages may be classified according to the dominant sequence of these elements.
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Examples
A proper or common noun can co-occur with an article or an attributive adjective. Verbs and adjectives can't. As usual, a `*' in front of an example means that this example is ungrammatical.
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A proper or common noun can co-occur with an article or an attributive adjective. Verbs and adjectives can't. As usual, a `*' in front of an example means that this example is ungrammatical.
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In linguistic typology, Subject Object Verb (SOV) is the type of languages in which the subject, object, and verb of a sentence appear or usually appear in that order. If English were SOV, then "Sam oranges ate" would be an ordinary sentence.
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Verb Subject Object (VSO) is a term in linguistic typology. It represents one type of languages when classifying languages according to the sequence of these constituents in neutral expressions: Ate Sam oranges.
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A dependent-marking language is one where the grammatical marks showing relations between different constituents of a phrase tend to be placed on the dependents or modifiers, rather than the heads or nuclei, of the phrase in question.
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A double-marking language is one where the grammatical marks showing relations between different constituents of a phrase tend to be placed on both the heads (or nuclei) of the phrase in question, and on the modifiers or dependents.
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A head-marking language is one where the grammatical marks showing relations between different constituents of a phrase tend to be placed on the heads (or nuclei) of the phrase in question, rather than the modifiers or dependents.
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