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Information about Yakuts

Yakuts
Total population
470,000
Regions with significant populations
Russia
Languages
Sakha, Russian
Religions
Russian Orthodox, with a significant part of the population practicing Shamanism
Related ethnic groups
Other Turkic peoples


Yakuts, self-designation: Sakha, are a Turkic people associated with the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic.

The Yakut or Sakha language belongs to the Northern branch of the Turkic family of languages. There are about 456,000 speakers (Russian census, 2002) mainly in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the Russian Federation, with some extending to the Amur, Magadan, Sakhalin regions, and the Taimyr and Evenki Autonomous Districts. The population of Yakutia is about 980,000[1] of whom approximately 382,000 are Yakuts[2] or about 39% of the population in Yakutia; their share lowered during Soviet rule due to forced immigration, and other relocation policies, but has slightly increased since. Given the large number of speakers, the Yakut language is considered to be somewhat less endangered than most other regional languages of the Russian Federation.

The Yakuts are divided into two basic groups based on geography and economics. Yakuts in the north are historically semi-nomadic hunters, fishermen, yak and reindeer breeders, while southern Yakuts also engage in animal husbandry focusing on horses and cattle.[3]

Origin

Most scholars believe the Yakuts originally migrated from Olkhon and the region of Lake Baikal to the basins of the Middle Lena, the Aldan and Vilyuy rivers, where they mixed with other northern indigenous peoples of Russia such as the Evens and Evenks.

The northern Yakuts were largely hunters, fishermen and reindeer herders, while the southern Yakut raised cattle and horses. Both groups lived in yurts and led a semi-nomadic life moving from winter to summer camps each year.

In the 1620s Russians began to move into their territory, annexed Yakutia, imposed a fur tax, and managed to suppress several Yakut rebellions between 1634 and 1642. The discovery of gold and, later, the building of the Trans-Siberian Railway, brought ever-increasing numbers of Russians into the region. By the 1820s almost all the Yakuts had been converted to the Russian Orthodox church although they retained, and still retain, a number of shamanistic practices.

In 1919 the new Soviet government named the area the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

Stalin's policy of collectivisation, which began in 1928, was responsible for many thousands of deaths, from which Yakut society did not begin to recover until the 1960s.

An independent Yakut Republic was declared by the Supreme Soviet of Yakutia on 15 August, 1991.

Trivia

See also

Notes

References

  • Leontˀeva, Sargylana (2002) "Comments on Ойуун Уол 'shaman fellow': a Yakut historical legend." In John M. Clifton and Deborah A. Clifton (eds.), Comments on discourse structures in ten Turkic languages p. 287-291. St. Petersburg, Russia: SIL International.
  • International Business Publications (ed.) (2001) Sakha Yakut Republic Regional Investment and Business Guide (US Government Agencies Business Library) (3rd ed.) International Business Publications, USA, ISBN 0-7397-9012-9
  • Opyt Etnograficheskogo Issledovaniya (ed.) (1993) Yakuty (The Yakuts, text in Russian, w/illustrations) Opyt Etnograficheskogo Issledovaniya, Moscow

External links

Anthem
Hymn of the Russian Federation


Capital
(and largest city) Moscow

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Sakha, or Yakut, is a Turkic language with around 460,000 speakers spoken in the Sakha Republic in the Russian Federation. Its speakers are known as the Sakha or the Yakuts.
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Russian}}} 
Writing system: Cyrillic (Russian variant)  
Official status
Official language of:  Abkhazia (Georgia)
 Belarus
 Commonwealth of Independent States (working)
 Crimea (de facto; Ukraine)
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Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate (Russian: Русская Православная Церковь
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Shamanism refers to a range of traditional beliefs and practices concerned with communication with the spirit world. There are many variations in shamanism throughout the world, though there are some beliefs that are shared by all forms of shamanism:

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Turkic peoples are a group of peoples residing in northern, central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family. These peoples share, to varying degrees, certain cultural traits and historical backgrounds.
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Turkic peoples are a group of peoples residing in northern, central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family. These peoples share, to varying degrees, certain cultural traits and historical backgrounds.
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Республика Саха (Якутия)
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Sakha, or Yakut, is a Turkic language with around 460,000 speakers spoken in the Sakha Republic in the Russian Federation. Its speakers are known as the Sakha or the Yakuts.
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Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken across a vast area from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean to Siberia and Western China, and are traditionally considered to be part of the proposed Altaic language family.
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Anthem
Hymn of the Russian Federation


Capital
(and largest city) Moscow

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Origin The mountains of Northeastern China
Mouth The Pacific Ocean, through the Tartar Strait
Basin countries China, Russia, Mongolia
Length 4,444 km (2,761 mi)

Basin area 1,855,000 km² (716,200 mi²)

The Amur River or
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Magadan (Russian: Магада́н), a port city on the Sea of Okhotsk and gateway to the Kolyma region, is the administrative center of Magadan Oblast (since 1953), in the Russian Far East.
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Sakhalin
Native name: Сахали?<nowiki />

Geography <nowiki/>
Location Russian Far East, Pacific Ocean
Coordinates 45°50' 54°24' N<nowiki /> <nowiki />
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Taimyr or Taymyr may refer to:
  • Taymyr Peninsula, a peninsula in Siberia
  • Taymyr Autonomous Okrug, a former federal subject of Russia
  • Taymyr Gulf
  • Taymyr River
  • Lake Taymyr
  • Taymyr Island, an island in Siberia
  • Taymyr (icebreaker), a Russian icebreaker

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Evenks or Evenki (obsolete: Tungus or Tunguz, autonym: Эвэнки, Evenki) are a nomadic Tungusic people of Northern Asia.
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Sakha, or Yakut, is a Turkic language with around 460,000 speakers spoken in the Sakha Republic in the Russian Federation. Its speakers are known as the Sakha or the Yakuts.
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Olkhon<nowiki />

Southeastern Olkhon

Geography
<nowiki/>
Location Lake Baikal <nowiki /> <nowiki /> <nowiki /> <nowiki />
Area 730 km² (280 m²)<nowiki />

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Coordinates Coordinates:
Lake type Continental rift lake
Primary sources
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Origin Baikal Mountains
Mouth Laptev Sea
Basin countries Russia
Length 4,400 km (2,734 mi)
Source elevation 1,640 m (5,381 ft)

Avg.
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Origin Stanovoy Mountains
Mouth Lena River
Basin countries Russia
Length 2,273 km

Avg. discharge 5,060 m³/s (near mouth)
Basin area 729,000 km²

The Aldan River (Russian:
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Origin Central Siberian Plateau
Mouth Lena River
Basin countries Russia
Length 2,650 km

Avg. discharge 1,480 m³/s (near mouth)
Basin area 454,000 km²

The Vilyuy River (Russian:
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This article is based solely on territory; the peoples listed here do not belong to a single language family or ethnicity: they are Finno-Ugric, Turkic, Eskimo-Aleut, and other groups. Many of these groups are now extinct or almost so, or assimilated.
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Evens or Eveny (formerly known as the Lamuts a term meaning "ocean people" in Even) (Эвены in Russian) are a people in Siberia and the Russian Far East.
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Evenks or Evenki (obsolete: Tungus or Tunguz, autonym: Эвэнки, Evenki) are a nomadic Tungusic people of Northern Asia.
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Odocoileinae

Genus: Rangifer
C.H. Smith, 1827

Species: R. tarandus

Binomial name
Rangifer tarandus
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For other uses, see Yurt (disambiguation).


A Yurt is a portable, felt-covered, wood lattice-framed dwelling structure used by nomads in the steppes of Central Asia.
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GOLD refers to one of the following:
  • GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade).
  • GOLD (parser) is an open source BNF parser.

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Zagustay
Gusinoye Ozero
Selenduma
5852 Dzhida
Khuzhir
5895 Naushki

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