Information about Willy Brandt

Willy Brandt
Willy Brandt
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Political party	SPD
Occupation	Worker, Journalist, Lecturer, Activist
Religion	Protestant [1]

Willy Brandt, born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm (December 18, 1913 - October 8, 1992), was a German politician, Chancellor of West Germany 1969 – 1974, and leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1964 – 1987.

His most important legacy is the Ostpolitik, a policy aimed at improving relations with East Germany, Poland, and the Soviet Union. This policy caused considerable controversy in West Germany, but won Brandt the Nobel Peace Prize in 1971.

Brandt was forced to resign as Chancellor in 1974 after it became known that one of his closest aides had been working for the East German secret service (Stasi). This became one of the biggest political scandals in postwar West German history.

Early life, the war

Willy Brandt was born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm in Lübeck, Germany to Martha Frahm, an unwed mother who worked as a cashier for a department store. His father was an accountant from Hamburg by the name of John Möller, whom Brandt never met.

He became an apprentice at the shipbroker and ship's agent F.H. Bertling. He joined the "Socialist Youth" in 1929 and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) in 1930. He left the SPD to join the more left wing Socialist Workers Party (SAP), which was allied to the POUM in Spain and the ILP in Britain. In 1933, using his connections with the port and its ships from the time he had been apprentice, he left Germany for Norway on a ship to escape Nazi persecution. It was at this time that he adopted the pseudonym Willy Brandt to avoid detection by Nazi agents. In 1934, he took part in the founding of the International Bureau of Revolutionary Youth Organizations, and was elected to its Secretariat.

Brandt visited Germany from September to December 1936, disguised as a Norwegian student named Gunnar Gaasland. In 1937, during the Civil War, he worked in Spain as a journalist. In 1938, the German government revoked his citizenship, so he applied for Norwegian citizenship. In 1940, he was arrested in Norway by occupying German forces, but he was not identified because he wore a Norwegian uniform. On his release, he escaped to neutral Sweden. In August 1940, he became a Norwegian citizen, receiving his passport from the Norwegian embassy in Stockholm, where he lived until the end of the war. Willy Brandt returned to Sweden to lecture on 1 December, 1940 at Bommersvik college about the problems experienced by the social democrats in Nazi Germany and the occupied countries at the start of World War II.

Mayor of West Berlin, Foreign Minister of West Germany

In late 1946, Brandt returned to Berlin, working for the Norwegian government.

In 1948, he joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in Berlin. He became a German citizen again and formally adopted his pseudonym as his legal name.

Outspoken against the Soviet repression of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution and against Khrushchev's 1958 proposal that Berlin receive the status of a "free city", he was considered to belong to the right wing of his party, an assessment that would later change.

Brandt was supported by the powerful publisher Axel Springer. From October 3 1957 to 1966, he was Mayor of West Berlin, a particularly stressful time for the city with the construction of the Berlin Wall. During his first year as Governing Mayor he served as President of the Bundesrat.

Brandt became chairman of the SPD in 1964, a post he retained until 1987, longer than any other chairman in the history of his party after founder August Bebel.

Brandt was the SPD candidate for Chancellor in 1961, but lost to Konrad Adenauer's conservative CDU. In 1965, he ran again, and lost to the popular Ludwig Erhard. But Erhard's government was short-lived, and, in 1966, a grand coalition between the SPD and CDU was formed; Brandt became foreign minister and vice chancellor.

Chancellor of West Germany

After the elections of 1969, again with Brandt as lead candidate, the SPD became stronger and after three weeks of negotiation formed a coalition government with the smaller liberal Free Democratic Party of Germany (FDP). Brandt was elected Chancellor.

Foreign policy

As chancellor, Brandt gained more scope to develop his Ostpolitik. He was active in creating a degree of rapprochement with East Germany and in improving relations with the Soviet Union, Poland and other Eastern Bloc countries.

A seminal moment came in December 1970 with the famous Warschauer Kniefall in which Brandt, apparently spontaneously, knelt down at the monument to victims of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. The uprising occurred during the military occupation of Poland and the monument is to those killed by German troops who suppressed the uprising and deported remaining ghetto residents to concentration camps.

TIME magazine named Brandt Man of the Year for 1970 stating, "Willy Brandt is in effect seeking to end World War II by bringing about a fresh relationship between East and West. He is trying to accept the real situation in Europe, which has lasted for 25 years, but he is also trying to bring about a new reality in his bold approach to the Soviet Union and the East bloc."^[1]

In 1971, Brandt received the Nobel Peace Prize for his work in improving relations with East Germany, Poland and the Soviet Union.

In West Germany, Brandt's Ostpolitik was extremely controversial, dividing the populace into two camps: one side, most notably the victims of Stalinist ethnic cleansing from Historical Eastern Germany and Eastern Europe, loudly voiced their opposition, calling the policy "illegal" and "high treason", while others applauded Brandt's move as aiming at "Wandel durch Annäherung" ("change through rapprochement", i.e., encouraging change through a policy of engagement rather than isolation). Supporters of Brandt claim his Ostpolitik did help to break down the Eastern Bloc's siege mentality and increase the awareness of the contradictions in their brand of Socialism, which--together with other events--eventually led to its downfall. The Ostpolitik was strongly opposed by the conservative parties and many social democrats as well.

Domestic policies

Political and social changes of the 1960s that paved the way for Brandt's chancellorship

West Germany in the late 1960s was shaken by student disturbances and a general 'change of the times' that not all Germans were willing to accept or approve. What had seemed a stable, peaceful nation, happy with its outcome of the "Wirtschaftswunder" ("economic miracle") turned out to be a deeply conservative, bourgeois, and insecure people with a lot of citizens unable to face--let alone cope with--their Nazi past. It was mostly the students who accused the 'parental generation' of its Nazi past and of a way of life that was considered outdated and old-fashioned. Sign of the times was that--much to their parents' horror--a lot of students started to share a flat, went to demonstrations (where they were often sprayed off the street by police water-cannons), advocated and practiced promiscuous behaviour, declared themselves radical left wing, wanted the Americans to withdraw from Vietnam and labelled Ho Chi Minh and Che Guevara to be their favourite heroes.

How Brandt was able to win over the students

Brandt's predecessor, Kurt Georg Kiesinger, had been a member of the Nazi party. Brandt had been a victim of Nazi terror; no wider a gap could have existed between the two chancellors. Unlike Brandt, Kiesinger was unable to understand the students' political demands. For him, they were nothing but "a shameful crowd of long-haired drop-outs who needed a bath and someone to discipline them". The students (with a sizable number of intellectuals backing them up) turned their parents' values and virtues upside down and questioned the West German society in general seeking social, legal and political reforms. On the domestic field, Brandt pursued exactly this, a course of social, legal and political reforms. In his first parliament speech after his election, Brandt signalled that he had understood what made the students go out and demonstrate against authority. In the speech he claimed his political course of reforms ending it with the famous summarizing words "Wir wollen mehr Demokratie wagen" (lit.: "Let's dare more democracy"). This made him - and the SPD, too - extremely popular among most students and other young West Germans who dreamed of a country quite different from the one their parents had built after the war. However, many of Brandt's reforms met the resistance of state governments (dominated by CDU/CSU). The spirit of reformist optimism was cut short by the 1973 oil crisis. Brandt's domestic policy has been accused of having caused many of West Germany's economic problems.

Crisis in 1972

Because of these controversies, several members of his coalition switched sides: already in October 1972, FDP deputies Erich Mende, Heinz Starke and Siegfried Zoglmann had crossed the floor to CDU. On February 23, 1972, Herbert Hupka, a Bundestag deputy for SPD and member of the Federation of Expellees, joined CDU. After on April 23, 1972 Wilhelm Helms (FDP) had left his faction and the FDP politicians Knud von Kühlmann-Stumm and Gerhard Kienbaum had declared that they would vote against Brandt and for the CDU candidate in case of a vote of constructive no-confidence, the CDU/CSU could surely rely on 249 votes. On April 24, 1972 the vote of no confidence was proposed and it was voted three days later. Had this motion passed, Rainer Barzel would have replaced Brandt as Chancellor. To everyone's surprise, the motion failed: Rainer Barzel got only 247 votes of 260 ballots, for an absolute majority, 249 promised votes would have been necessary. There were also 10 votes against the motion and 3 invalid ballots. It was not revealed until much later that one or two members (possibly Julius Steiner, Ingeborg Geisendörfer or Leo Wagner) of the CDU/CSU had been paid off by the Stasi of East Germany to vote for Brandt.

Though Brandt had remained Chancellor, he had lost his majority. Subsequent iniatives in parliament, most notably on the budget, failed. Because of this stalemate, the Bundestag was dissolved and new elections were called. Brandt's Ostpolitik as well as his reformist domestic policies were popular with parts of the young generation and led his SPD party to its best-ever federal election result in late 1972.

During the 1972 campaign, many popular West German artists, intellectuals, writers, actors and professors supported Brandt and the SPD. Among them were Günter Grass, Walter Jens, and even the football (soccer) player Paul Breitner. Public endorsements of the SPD via advertisements and, more recently, internet pages have become a widespread phenomenon since then.

To counter any notions about being sympathetic to Communism or soft on left-wing extremists, Brandt implemented tough legislation that barred "radicals" from public service ("Radikalenerlass").

The Guillaume affair and Brandt's resignation

Main article: Guillaume Affair

Around 1973, West German security organizations received information that one of Brandt's personal assistants, Günter Guillaume, was a spy for the East German state. Brandt was asked to continue work as usual, and he agreed, even taking a private vacation with Guillaume. Guillaume was arrested on April 24, 1974, and the West German government blamed Brandt for having a spy in his party. At the same time, some revelations about Brandt's private life (he had had some short-lived affairs) appeared in newspapers. Brandt contemplated suicide and even drafted a suicide note. He chose instead to accept responsibility for Guillaume, and resigned on May 7, 1974.

Guillaume had been a spy for East Germany, supervised by Markus Wolf, head of the Main Intelligence Administration of the East German Ministry for State Security. Wolf stated after the reunification that the resignation of Brandt had never been intended, and that the affair had been one of the biggest mistakes of the East German secret service. This was led 1957-1989 by Erich Mielke, an old follower of Stalin and Beria.

Brandt was succeeded as Chancellor by the Social Democrat Helmut Schmidt, who unlike Brandt belonged to the right wing of his party. For the rest of his life, Brandt remained suspicious that his fellow social democrat and longtime rival Herbert Wehner had been scheming for his downfall, but evidence for this seems scant.

Later life

After his term as Chancellor, Brandt remained head of his party, the SPD, until 1987 and retained his seat in the Bundestag. Brandt was head of the Socialist International from 1976 to 1992, which he called a worldparty of peace, working to enlarge that organization beyond the borders of Europe. In 1977, he was appointed chair of the Independent Commission for International Developmental Issues, which produced a report, in 1980, calling for drastic changes in the world's attitude to development in the Third World. This became known as the Brandt Report.

In October 1979 he met the dissident Rudolf Bahro, who had written The Alternative, he and his supporters were attacked by the state security (Stasi)/Erich Mielke for that, the theoretical foundation of a left opposition to the ruling parties, promoting new and changed parties, what is now discussed as "change from within". Brandt had asked for Bahros release and welcomed his theories, the debate as interesting and fruitful for the own movement, party.

In late 1989, Brandt became one of the first leftist leaders in West Germany to publicly favour reunification over some sort of two-state federation. His public statement "Now grows together what belongs together" was much quoted in those days.

One of Brandt's last public appearances was flying to Baghdad, to free some Western hostages held by Saddam Hussein, after the invasion of Kuwait in 1990. He died of colon cancer at his home in Unkel, a town on the Rhine, and was given the first German state funeral since 1929. He was buried at the cemetery at Zehlendorf in Berlin.

Brandt was a member of the European Parliament from 1979 to 1983, and Honorary Chairman of the SPD from 1987 until his death in 1992. When the SPD moved its headquarters from Bonn back to Berlin in the mid-1990s, the new headquarters was named the "Willy Brandt Haus".

As a somewhat remarkable memorial, the private German language secondary school in Warsaw is named after Willy Brandt.

Family

From 1941 until 1948 Brandt was married to Anna Carlotta Thorkildsen (daughter of a Norwegian father and a German-American mother). They had a daughter, Nina (1940). After Brandt and Thorkildsen were divorced in 1946, he married the Norwegian Rut Hansen in 1948. Hansen and Brandt had three sons: Peter (1948), Lars (1951) and Matthias (1961). Today Peter is a historian, Lars is a painter and Matthias is an actor. After 32 years of marriage, Brandt was divorced from Rut in 1980 and from the day they were divorced they never met again. On December 9, 1983, Brandt married Brigitte Seebacher (b. 1946). Rut Brandt died in Berlin on July 28, 2006.

Matthias as Günter Guillaume

In 2003, Matthias Brandt took the part of Guillaume in the film Im Schatten der Macht (lit.: In the Shadow of Power) by German filmmaker Oliver Storz. The film deals with the Guillaume-affair and Brandt's resignation. Matthias Brandt caused a minor controversy in Germany when it was publicized that he would take the part of the man who betrayed his father and made him resign in 1974. Earlier that year - when the Brandts and the Guillaumes took a vacation to Norway together - it was Matthias, then twelve years old, who was the first to discover that Guillaume and his wife 'were typing mysterious things on typewriters the whole night through'.

Lars writing about his father

In early 2006, Lars Brandt published a biography about his father called "Andenken" ("Remembrance"). The book has been the subject of some controversy. Some see it as a loving memory of a father-son-relationship. Others label the biography a ruthless statement of a son who still thinks he had never had a father who really loved him.

Brandt's first cabinet, 21 October 1969 - 14 December 1972

• Willy Brandt (SPD) - Chancellor
• Walter Scheel (FDP) - Vice Chancellor and Minister of Foreign Affairs
• Helmut Schmidt (SPD) - Minister of Defense
• Hans-Dietrich Genscher (FDP) - Minister of the Interior
• Alex Möller (SPD) - Minister of Finance
• Gerhard Jahn (SPD) - Minister of Justice
• Karl Schiller (SPD) - Minister of Economics
• Walter Arendt (SPD) - Minister of Labour and Social Affairs
• Josef Ertl (FDP) - Minister of Food, Agriculture, and Forestry
• Georg Leber (SPD) - Minister of Transport, Posts, and Communications
• Lauritz Lauritzen (SPD) - Minister of Construction
• Käte Strobel (SPD) - Minister of Youth, Family, and Health
• Hans Leussink - Minister of Education and Science
• Erhard Eppler (SPD) - Minister of Economic Cooperation
• Horst Ehmke (SPD) - Minister of Special Tasks
• Egon Franke (SPD) - Minister of Intra-German Relations

Changes

• 13 May 1971 - Karl Schiller (SPD) succeeds Möller as Minister of Finance, remaining also Minister of Economics
• 15 March 1972 - Klaus von Dohnanyi (SPD) succeeds Leussink as Minister of Education and Science.
• 7 July 1972 - Helmut Schmidt (SPD) succeeds Schiller as Minister of Finance and Economics. Georg Leber (SPD) succeeds Schmidt as Minister of Defense. Lauritz Lauritzen (SPD) succeeds Leber as Minister of Transport, Posts, and Communications, remaining also Minister of Construction.

Works (selected)

• 1960 Mein Weg nach Berlin (My Path to Berlin), autobiography
• 1966 Draußen. Schriften während der Emigration. (Outside: Writings during the Emigration)
• 1968 Friedenspolitik in Europa (The Politics of Peace in Europe)
• 1976 Begegnungen und Einsichten 1960-1975 (Encounters and Insights 1960-1975) ISBN 3-455-08979-8
• 1982 Links und frei. Mein Weg 1930-1950 (Left and Free: My Path 1930-1950)
• 1986 Der organisierte Wahnsinn (Organized Lunacy)
• 1989 Erinnerungen (Memories) ISBN 3-549-07353-4

2002f, Berliner Ausgabe, Werkauswahl, ed. for Bundeskanzler Willy Brandt Stiftung by Helga Grebing, Gregor Schöllgen and Heinrich August Winkler, 10 volumes, Dietz Verlag, Bonn 2002f, Collected Writings, ISBN 3-8012-0305-0

Biographies

• (German)Lars Brandt, Andenken (ISBN 3-446-20710-4)
• (German)Peter Merseburger, Willy Brandt (ISBN 3-421-05328-6)
• Barbara Marshall, Willy Brandt, A Political Biography (ISBN 0-312-16438-6)
• (Italian)Nestore di Meola, Willy Brandt raccontato da Klaus Lindenberg (ISBN 88-7284-712-5)

References

External links

• (German)Nobel Prize Lecture
• Biography of Willy Brandt
• Willy Brandt International Airport
• Ubben Lecture at DePauw University
• Adam Sneyd, "Brandt Commission", in Globalization and Autonomy Online Compendium, edited by William D. Coleman and Nancy Johnson

Preceded by Middle Americans	Time's Man of the Year 1970	Succeeded by Richard Nixon
Political offices
Preceded by Otto Suhr	Mayor of Berlin 1957-1966	Succeeded by Heinrich Albertz
Preceded by Erich Ollenhauer	Chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Germany 1964-1987	Succeeded by Hans-Jochen Vogel
Preceded by Gerhard Schröder	Minister of Foreign Affairs 1966-1969	Succeeded by Walter Scheel
Preceded by Kurt Georg Kiesinger	Chancellor of Germany 1969-1974	Succeeded by Helmut Schmidt
Preceded by Bruno Pittermann	President of the Socialist International 1976-1992	Succeeded by Pierre Mauroy
Preceded by Hans-Christoph Seebohm	Vice Chancellor of Germany 1966-1969	Succeeded by Walter Scheel

•  • [ e] Chancellors of Germany
German Empire (1871–1918)	Otto von Bismarck Leo von Caprivi Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfrst Bernhard von Blow Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg Georg Michaelis Georg von Hertling Prince Maximilian of Baden
Revolutionary period (1918–1919)	Friedrich Ebert
Weimar Republic (1919–1933)	Philipp Scheidemann Gustav Bauer Hermann Mller Konstantin Fehrenbach Joseph Wirth Wilhelm Cuno Gustav Stresemann Wilhelm Marx Hans Luther Wilhelm Marx Hermann Mller Heinrich Brning Franz von Papen Kurt von Schleicher
Third Reich (1933–1945)	Adolf Hitler Joseph Goebbels Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk
Federal Republic of Germany (since 1949)	Konrad Adenauer Ludwig Erhard Kurt Georg Kiesinger Willy Brandt Helmut Schmidt Helmut Kohl Gerhard Schrder Angela Merkel

•  • [ e] Presidents of the Bundesrat (Federal Council)

Karl Arnold  Hans Ehard  Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf  Reinhold Maier  Georg August Zinn  Peter Altmeier  Kai-Uwe von Hassel  Kurt Sieveking  Willy Brandt  Wilhelm Kaisen  Franz-Josef Rder  Franz Meyers  Hans Ehard  Kurt Georg Kiesinger  Georg Diederichs  Georg August Zinn  Peter Altmeier  Helmut Lemke  Klaus Schtz  Herbert Weichmann  Franz-Josef Rder  Hans Koschnick  Heinz Khn  Alfons Goppel  Hans Filbinger  Alfred Kubel  Albert Osswald  Bernhard Vogel  Gerhard Stoltenberg  Dietrich Stobbe  Hans-Ulrich Klose  Werner Zeyer  Hans Koschnick  Johannes Rau  Franz Josef Strau  Lothar Spth  Ernst Albrecht  Holger Brner  Walter Wallmann  Bernhard Vogel  Bjrn Engholm  Walter Momper  Henning Voscherau  Alfred Gomolka  Berndt Seite  Oskar Lafontaine  Klaus Wedemeier  Johannes Rau  Edmund Stoiber  Erwin Teufel  Gerhard Schrder  Hans Eichel  Roland Koch  Kurt Biedenkopf  Kurt Beck  Klaus Wowereit  Wolfgang Bhmer  Dieter Althaus  Matthias Platzeck  Peter Harry Carstensen  Harald Ringstorff

•  • [ e] Governing Mayors of Berlin since 1948
West Berlin	Ernst Reuter Walther Schreiber Otto Suhr Willy Brandt Heinrich Albertz Klaus Schtz Dietrich Stobbe Hans-Jochen Vogel Richard von Weizscker Eberhard Diepgen Walter Momper
Berlin (since 1990)	Walter Momper Eberhard Diepgen Klaus Wowereit

•  • [ e] Chairmen of the Social Democratic Party of Germany
SPD (1890-1933)	Paul Singer/Alwin Gerisch August Bebel/Paul Singer August Bebel/Hugo Haase Hugo Haase/Friedrich Ebert Friedrich Ebert Friedrich Ebert/Philipp Scheidemann Otto Wels/Herman Mller Arthur Crispien/Otto Wels/Herman Mller Arthur Crispien/Otto Wels Arthur Crispien/Otto Wels/Hans Vogel
SPD-in-exile (SoPaDe) (1933-1945)	Otto Wels/Hans Vogel Hans Vogel
SPD (since 1946)	Kurt Schumacher Erich Ollenhauer Willy Brandt Hans-Jochen Vogel Bjrn Engholm Johannes Rau Rudolf Scharping Oskar Lafontaine Gerhard Schrder Franz Mntefering Matthias Platzeck Kurt Beck

•  • [ e] Foreign Ministers of the Federal Republic of Germany
Konrad Adenauer  Heinrich von Brentano  Gerhard Schrder  Willy Brandt  Walter Scheel  Hans-Dietrich Genscher  Helmut Schmidt  Hans-Dietrich Genscher  Klaus Kinkel  Joschka Fischer  Frank-Walter Steinmeier
See also: Foreign ministers since 1871

•  • [ e] The Cold War
Participants: NATO Warsaw Pact Non-Aligned Movement People's Republic of China
1940s	Yalta Conference • Potsdam Conference • Gouzenko Affair • Iran crisis • Chinese Civil War • Greek Civil War • Restatement of Policy on Germany • Truman Doctrine • Marshall Plan • Communist takeover in Czechoslovakia • Tito-Stalin split • Berlin Blockade
1950s	Korean War • First Indochina War • Iranian Coup • Guatemalan Coup • Uprising of 1953 in East Germany • First Taiwan Strait Crisis • Poznań 1956 protests • Hungarian Revolution of 1956 • Suez Crisis • Sputnik crisis • Second Taiwan Strait Crisis • Cuban Revolution
1960s	Congo Crisis • Sino-Soviet split • U-2 Crisis of 1960 • Bay of Pigs Invasion • Cuban Missile Crisis • Berlin Wall • Vietnam War • U.S. Invasion of Dominican Republic • South African Border War • Overthrow of Sukarno • Bangkok Declaration • Laotian Civil War • Greek military junta of 1967-1974 • Prague Spring • Dtente • Sino-Soviet border conflict
1970s	Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty • Cambodian Civil War • Ping Pong Diplomacy • Four Power Agreement on Berlin • 1972 Nixon visit to China • Chilean coup of 1973 • Yom Kippur War • Strategic Arms Limitation Talks • Angolan Civil War • Mozambican Civil War • Ogaden War • Sino-Vietnamese War • Iranian Revolution
1980s	Soviet war in Afghanistan • Polish Solidarity Movement • Central American Crisis • Able Archer 83 • Strategic Defense Initiative • Invasion of Grenada • Fall of the Berlin Wall • Revolutions of 1989
1990s	Dissolution of the USSR
See also	Bricker Amendment • Glasnost • Iron Curtain • McCarthyism • Operation Condor • Operation Gladio • Perestroika • Soviet espionage in US
Establishments	Central Intelligence Agency • Comecon • European Community • KGB • Stasi
Races	Arms race • Nuclear arms race • Space Race
Ideologies	Capitalism • Communism • Stalinism • Maoism
Foreign policy	Brezhnev Doctrine • Ulbricht Doctrine • Carter Doctrine • Containment • Domino Theory • Eisenhower Doctrine • Johnson Doctrine • Kennedy Doctrine • Nixon Doctrine • Ostpolitik • Peaceful coexistence • Reagan Doctrine • Rollback • Truman Doctrine • Marshall Plan
Timeline of events

•  • [ e] Nobel Peace Prize Laureates
Lon Jouhaux (1951) • Albert Schweitzer (1952) • George Marshall (1953) • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (1954) • Lester B. Pearson (1957) • Georges Pire (1958) • Philip Noel-Baker (1959) • Albert Lutuli (1960) • Dag Hammarskjld (1961) • Linus Pauling (1962) • International Red Cross and Red Crescent (1963) • Martin Luther King, Jr. (1964) • UNICEF (1965) • Ren Cassin (1968) • International Labour Organization (1969) • Norman Borlaug (1970) • Willy Brandt (1971) • Henry Kissinger / Le Duc Tho (1973) • Sen MacBride / Eisaku Satō (1974) • Andrei Sakharov (1975)

Persondata
NAME	Brandt, Willy
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm
SHORT DESCRIPTION	German politician, Chancellor of West Germany
DATE OF BIRTH	December 18, 1913
PLACE OF BIRTH	Lübeck, Germany
DATE OF DEATH	October 8, 1992
PLACE OF DEATH	Unkel, Germany