Information about Wakashan Languages
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Pre-contact distribution of Wakashan languages
As typical of the Northwest Coast, Wakashan languages have large consonant inventories—the consonants often occurring in complex clusters.
Family division
Wakashan consists of 7 languages:I. Northern Wakashan
- 1. Haisla (a.k.a. Xaʔislak’ala)
- 2. Kwak'wala (a.k.a. Kwakiutl, spoken by Southern Kwakiutl, Kwakwaka'wakw people)
- A. Heiltsuk-Oowekyala (a.k.a. Bella Bella)
- : 3. Heiltsuk
- : 4. Oowekyala
II. Southern Wakashan
- 5. Makah
- 6. Nitinaht (a.k.a. Nitinat, Ditidaht, Southern Nootkan)
- 7. Nuu-chah-nulth (a.k.a. Nootka, Nutka, Aht, West Coast, T’aat’aaqsapa)
Further reading
- Liedtke, Stefan. Wakashan, Salishan and Penutian and Wider Connections Cognate Sets. Linguistic data on diskette series, no. 09. M unchen: Lincom Europa,z\v1995, 1995. ISBN 3929075245
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Colombie-Britannique
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: Splendor Sine Occasu (Latin: Splendour Without Sunset (diminishment))
Capital Victoria
Largest city Vancouver
Official languages English
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The Olympic Peninsula is the large arm of land in western Washington state that lies across Puget Sound from Seattle. It is bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, the north by the Strait of Juan de Fuca, and the east by Puget Sound and the Hood Canal.
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Strait of Juan de Fuca is the principal outlet for the Georgia Strait and Puget Sound, connecting both to the Pacific Ocean. It provides part of the International Boundary between the United States and Canada.
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The Haisla language is a First Nations language spoken by the Haisla people of the North Coast region of the Canadian province of British Columbia, who are based in the town of Kitimat at the head of the Douglas Channel, a 120km fjord that serves as a waterway for the Haisla as
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Kwak'wala (also Kwagiutl or Kwakiutl) is the Indigenous language spoken by the Kwakwaka'wakw. It belongs to the Wakashan language family. There are about 250 Kwak'wala speakers today, which amounts to 5% of the Kwakwaka'wakw population.
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Laich-kwil-tach is the proper spelling in the Kwak'wala language of the name used for themselves by the "Southern Kwakiutl" people of Quadra Island and Campbell River in British Columbia, Canada.
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Kwakwaka'wakw (also Kwakiutl) are an Indigenous nation, numbering about 5,500, who live in British Columbia on northern Vancouver Island and the mainland. Kwakwaka'wakw translates into "Kwak'wala speaking tribes", describing the collective tribes within their nation.
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The Heiltsuk language (pronounced: /ˈheil.ʦʊk/), also known as Bella Bella, is a dialect (or a sublanguage) of the North Wakashan (Kwakiutlan) language Heiltsuk-Oowekyala language that is spoken by the
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Oowekyala (also Wuikala, Rivers Inlet, Wuikenukv, Oweekeno, Wikeno, Owikeno, Oowekeeno, Oweekano, Awikenox, Oowek'yala, Oweek'ala
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Makah language is the Indigenous language spoken by the Makah people. Makah has been extinct as a first language since 2002, when its last fluent native speaker died. However, it survives as a second language, and the Makah tribe is attempting to revive the language, including
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Nitinaht (also Nitinat, Ditidaht, Southern Nootkan) is a South Wakashan (Nootkan) language spoken on the southern part of Vancouver Island. Nitinaht is related to the other South Wakashan languages, Makah and the neighboring Nuu-chah-nulth.
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Nuu-chah-nulth (also called Nootka, and T'aat'aaqsapa) is a Wakashan language spoken in the Pacific Northwest on the west coast of Vancouver Island from Barkley Sound to Quatsino Sound in British Columbia by the Nuu-chah-nulth people.
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