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Information about W (unix)

The command w on many Unix-like operating systems provides a quick summary of every user logged into a computer, what that user is currently doing, and what load all the activity is imposing on the computer itself. The command is a one-command combination of several other Unix programs: who, uptime, and ps -a.

Sample output (this will, of course, vary between systems): 
>
$ w
 11:12am up 608 day(s), 19:56,  6 users,  load average: 0.36, 0.36, 0.37
User     tty       login@  idle  what
smithj   pts/5      8:52am       w
jonesm   pts/23    20Apr06    28 -bash
harry    pts/18     9:01am     9 pine
peterb   pts/19    21Apr06       emacs -nw html/index.html
janetmcq pts/8     10:12am 3days -csh
singh    pts/12    16Apr06  5:29 /usr/bin/perl -w perl/test/program.pl


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Unix command line programs and builtins (more)
File and file system managementcat chattr cd chmod chown chgrp cksum cmp cp du df file fsck fuser ln ls lsof mkdir mount mv pwd rm rmdir split touch
Process managementat chroot crontab exit kill killall nice pgrep pidof pkill ps sleep time top wait watch
User Management/Environmentenv finger id logname mesg passwd su sudo uname uptime w wall who whoami write
Text processingawk comm cut ed ex fmt head iconv join less more paste sed sort tac tail tr uniq wc xargs
Shell programmingbasename echo expr false printf test true unset
Printing: lp Communications: inetd netstat ping rlogin nc traceroute Searching: find grep strings Miscellaneous: banner bc cal dd man size yes
Unix-like operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, while not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification.
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An operating system (OS) is the software that manages the sharing of the resources of a computer. An operating system processes system data and user input, and responds by allocating and managing tasks and internal system resources as a service to users and programs of the
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The standard Unix command who displays a list of users who are currently logged into a computer.

The who command is related to the command w, which provides the same information but also displays additional data and statistics.
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Uptime is a measure of the time a computer system has been "up" and running. It came into use to describe the opposite of downtime, times when a system was not operational. The uptime and reliability of computer and communications facilities is sometimes measured in nines.
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In most Unix-like operating systems, ps is a program that displays the currently running processes.

ps has many options. On operating systems that support the UNIX and POSIX standards, ps is commonly run with the options -ef, where "-e" selects e
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Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX®) is a computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and Douglas McIlroy.
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command line interface or CLI is a method of interacting with an operating system or software using a command line interpreter. This command line interpreter may be a text terminal, terminal emulator, or remote shell client such as PuTTY.
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Printing: lp Communications: inetd netstat ping rlogin nc traceroute Searching: find grep strings Miscellaneous: banner bc cal dd man size yes
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The cat command is a standard Unix program used to concatenate and display files. The name is from , a synonym of concatenate.

Specification

The Single Unix Specification specifies the behavior that each of the files given in sequence as arguments will write their
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chattr is a UNIX program that allows a user to set certain attributes to a file. Mostly chattr is used to make files immutable so that password files and certain system files cannot be erased during software upgrades.
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cd, sometimes also available as chdir (change directory), is a command line command to change the current working directory in operating systems such as Unix, Windows and DOS.
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The chmod command (abbreviated from change mode) is a shell command in Unix and Unix-like environments.

When executed, the command can change file system modes of files and directories. The modes include permissions and special modes.
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The chown command is used on Unix-like systems to change the owner of a file. In most implementations, it can only be executed by the Superuser. Unprivileged (regular) users who wish to change the group of a file that they own may use chgrp.
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The chgrp command is used by unprivileged users on Unix-like systems to change the group associated with a file. Unlike the chown command, chgrp allows regular users to change groups, but only to one of which they are a member.
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cksum is a POSIX command that reads the files specified by the File parameter and calculates a checksum, cyclic redundancy check (CRC) and the byte count for a file or files. If no files are specified, the cksum command reads standard input.
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cmp is a command line utility for computer systems that use a Unix operating system. It compares two files of any type and writes the results to the standard output. By default, cmp is silent if the files are the same; if they differ, the byte and line number at which the first
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du (abbreviated from disk usage) is a standard Unix program used to estimate the file space usage; space used under a particular directory or files on a file system.

History

The du utility first appeared in version 1 of AT&T UNIX.
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df (abbreviated from disk free) is a standard Unix computer program used to display the amount of available disk space for filesystems on which the invoking user has appropriate read access, df
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file is a standard Unix program for determining the type of data contained in a file.

History

The original version of file originated in Unix Research Version 4 in 1973.
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fuser is a UNIX command showing which processes are using a specified file.


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ln is a standard Unix program used to create links (link) to files.

Link files

Links allow more than one file to refer to the same file, elsewhere.
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LS may refer to:
  • Lightspeed Media Corporation, a collection of nude teen websites
  • .ls, the Internet top-level domain for Lesotho
  • ls is a command specified by POSIX and the Single UNIX Specification. It lists files.
  • Jet2.

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lsof is a command meaning "list open files", which is used in many Unix-like systems to report a list of all open files and the processes that opened them. This open source utility was developed and supported by Vic Abell, the retired Associate Director of the Purdue University
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The mkdir command in the Unix operating system is used to make a new directory. Normal usage is as straightforward as follows: mkdir name_of_directory Where name_of_directory is the name of the directory one wants to create. When typed as above (ie.
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The mount Unix command line utility instructs the operating system a file system is ready for usage. The counterpart umount (note spelling) instructs the operating system that the file system will be (temporarily) removed and should no longer be used.
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MV can stand for:
  • MV Mercury-vapor lamp
  • Maldives (ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 top level domain country code)
  • MV is the IATA code for Armenian International Airways
  • Martha's Vineyard
  • Maroon 5, where 'V' would refer to the roman numeral for five.

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PWD could refer to either of the following:
  • Parkway Drive, a metalcore band from Byron Bay in Australia
  • Person/People with (a) disability/ies
  • Print working directory, a file transfer protocol command.

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rm (short for remove) is a Unix command used to delete files from a filesystem.

Options

Common options that rm accepts include:
  • -r, which removes directories, removing the contents recursively beforehand (so as not to leave files without a directory to

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rmdir is a command which will remove an empty directory on a Unix or DOS-system. In Unix, it cannot be capitalized, whereas this doesn't apply for DOS. Normal usage is straightforward where one types:

rmdir name_of_directory
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