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Information about Uveitis

Uveitis
Classification & external resources
Hypopyon in anterior uveitis, seen as yellowish exudate in lower part of anterior chamber of eye
ICD-10H20.
ICD-9364
DiseasesDB13676
eMedicineoph/580  emerg/284
Uveitis specifically refers to inflammation of the middle layer of the eye, termed the "uvea" but in common usage may refer to any inflammatory process involving the interior of the eye.

Uveitis is estimated to be responsible for approximately 10% of the blindness in the United States. Uveitis requires an urgent referral and thorough examination by an ophthalmologist, along with urgent treatment to control the inflammation.

Types

Uveitis is usually categorized anatomically into anterior, intermediate, posterior and panuveitic forms.
  • Anywhere from two-thirds to 90% of uveitis cases are anterior in location (anterior uveitis), frequently termed iritis - or inflammation of the iris and anterior chamber. This condition can occur as a single episode and subside with proper treatment or may take on a recurrent or chronic nature. Symptoms include red eye, injected conjunctiva, pain and decreased vision. Signs include dilated ciliary vessels, presence of cells and flare in the anterior chamber, and keratic precipitates ("KP") on the posterior surface of the cornea.
  • Intermediate uveitis consists of vitritis - inflammatory cells in the vitreous cavity, sometimes with snowbanking, or deposition of inflammatory material on the pars plana.
  • Posterior uveitis is the inflammation of the retina and choroid.
  • Pan-uveitis is the inflammation of all the layers of the uvea.

Causes

A myriad of conditions can lead to the development of uveitis, including systemic diseases as well as syndromes confined to the eye. In anterior uveitis, no specific diagnosis is made in approximately one-half of cases. However, anterior uveitis is often one of the syndromes associated with HLA-B27.

Systemic disorders causing uveitis

Systemic disorders that can cause uveitis include: White G. "Uveitis." AllAboutVision.com. Retrieved August 20, 2006.

Masquerade syndromes

Masquerade syndromes are ophthalmic disorders that clinically present as either an anterior or posterior uveitis, but are not primarily inflammatory. The following are some of the most common:
  • Anterior segment
*Intraocular foreign body
*Juvenile xanthogranuloma
*Leukemia
*Malignant melanoma
*Retinoblastoma
*Retinal detachment
  • Posterior segment
*Lymphoma
*Malignant melanoma
*Multiple sclerosis
*Reticulum cell sarcoma
*Retinitis pigmentosa
*Retinoblastoma

Symptoms

  • Redness of the eye
  • Blurred vision
  • Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
  • Dark, floating spots along the visual field
  • Eye pain

Treatment

The prognosis is generally good for those who receive prompt diagnosis and treatment, but serious complication (including cataracts, glaucoma, band keratopathy, retinal edema and permanent vision loss) may result if left untreated. The type of uveitis, as well as its severity, duration, and responsiveness to treatment or any associated illnesses, all factor in to the outlook.[1]

Uveitis is typically treated with glucocorticoid steroids, either as topical eye drops (such as betamethasone, dexamethasone or prednisolone) or oral therapy with prednisolone tablets. In addition topical cycloplegics, such as atropine or homatropine, may be used. In some cases an injection of PSTTA can also be given to reduce the swelling of the eye.[1]

Antimetabolite medications, such as methotrexate are often used for recalcitrant or more aggressive cases of uveitis. Experimental treatment with Infliximab infusions may prove helpful.

See also

Footnotes

1. ^ BNF 45 March 2003

External links

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Pathology of the eye (primarily , )
Eyelid, lacrimal system and orbitStye - Chalazion - Blepharitis - Entropion - Ectropion - Lagophthalmos - Blepharochalasis - Ptosis - Xanthelasma - Trichiasis - Dacryoadenitis - Epiphora - Exophthalmos - Enophthalmos
ConjunctivaConjunctivitis - Pterygium - Pinguecula - Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Sclera and corneaScleritis - Keratitis - Corneal ulcer - Snow blindness - Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy - Fuchs' dystrophy - Keratoconus - Keratoconjunctivitis sicca - Arc eye - Keratoconjunctivitis - Corneal neovascularization - Kayser-Fleischer ring - Arcus senilis - Band keratopathy
Iris and ciliary bodyIritis - Uveitis - Iridocyclitis - Hyphema - Persistent pupillary membrane
LensCataract - Aphakia
Choroid and retinaChorioretinitis - Retinal detachment - Retinoschisis - Retinopathy (Hypertensive retinopathy, Diabetic retinopathy, Retinopathy of prematurity) - Macular degeneration - Retinitis pigmentosa - Retinal haemorrhage - Central serous retinopathy - Macular edema - Epiretinal membrane - Macular pucker
Optic nerve and visual pathwaysOptic neuritis - Papilledema - Optic atrophy
Ocular muscles,
binocular movement,
accommodation and refraction		Paralytic strabismus: Ophthalmoparesis - Progressive external ophthalmoplegia - Palsy (III, IV, VI) - Kearns-Sayre syndrome Other strabismus: Esotropia/Exotropia - Hypertropia - Heterophoria (Esophoria, Exophoria) - Brown's syndrome - Duane syndrome
Other binocular: Conjugate gaze palsy - Convergence insufficiency - Internuclear ophthalmoplegia - One and a half syndrome
Refractive error: Hyperopia/Myopia - Astigmatism - Anisometropia/Aniseikonia - Presbyopia
Visual disturbances and blindnessAmblyopia - Leber's congenital amaurosis - Subjective (Asthenopia, Hemeralopia, Photophobia, Scintillating scotoma) - Diplopia - Scotoma - Anopsia (Binasal hemianopsia, Bitemporal hemianopsia, Homonymous hemianopsia, Quadrantanopia) - Color blindness (Achromatopsia) - Nyctalopia - Blindness/Low vision
PupilAnisocoria - Argyll Robertson pupil - Marcus Gunn pupil/Marcus Gunn phenomenon - Adie syndrome
Infectious diseasesTrachoma - Onchocerciasis
OtherNystagmus - Miosis - Mydriasis - Glaucoma - Floater - Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy - Red eye - Keratomycosis - Xerophthalmia - Aniridia
Hypopyon is pus in the eye.

It is a leukocytic exudate, seen in the anterior chamber, usually accompanied by redness of the conjunctiva and the underlying episclera. It is a sign of inflammation of the anterior uvea and iris, i.e. iritis, which is a form of anterior uveitis.
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For other uses of "ICD", see ICD (disambiguation).


The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD
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List of ICD-10 codes. The version for 2007 is available online at [1]

Chapter Blocks Title
I Certain infectious and parasitic diseases
II Neoplasms
III Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism
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For other uses of "ICD", see ICD (disambiguation).


The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD
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The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. These codes are in the public domain.

See also


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The Diseases Database is a free website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions, symptoms, and medications.

It directly integrates the Unified Medical Language System.

External links

  • Diseases Database

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eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996 by Scott Plantz and Richard Lavely, two medical doctors. It was sold to WebMD in January 2006.
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Inflammation (Latin, inflammatio, to set on fire) is the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants.
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Eyes are organs of vision that detect light. Different kinds of light-sensitive organs are found in a variety of organisms. The simplest eyes do nothing but detect whether the surroundings are light or dark, while more complex eyes can distinguish shapes and colors.
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For the Pacific island, see Wallis Island.
The uvea (Lat. uva, grape), also called the uveal layer, uveal coat, uveal tract, or vascular tunic
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Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine which deals with the diseases and surgery of the visual pathways, including the eye, brain, and areas surrounding the eye, such as the lacrimal system and eyelids.
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Iritis
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 H 20.0
ICD-9 364.0

Iritis is a form of anterior uveitis and refers to the inflammation of the iris of the eye.

Types

There are two main types of iritis: acute and chronic.
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In anatomy, the iris (plural irises or irides) is the most visible part of the eye of vertebrates, including humans. The following describes the iris of vertebrates, not the independently evolved iris found in some cephalopods.
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anterior chamber is the fluid-filled space inside the eye between the iris and the cornea's innermost surface, the endothelium.[1] Aqueous humor is the fluid that fills the anterior chamber.
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red eye is a non-specific term to describe an eye that appears red due to illness, injury, or some other condition. "Conjunctival injection" and "bloodshot eyes" are two forms of red eye.
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The conjunctiva is a membrane that covers the sclera (white part of the eye) and lines the inside of the eyelids.

Function

It helps lubricate the eye by producing mucus and tears, although a smaller volume of tears than the lacrimal gland.
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The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber, providing most of an eye's optical power.[1] Together with the lens, the cornea refracts light, and as a result helps the eye to focus, accounting for approximately
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Intermediate uveitis refers to inflammation localized to the vitreous and peripheral retina. Primary sites of inflammation include the vitreous of which other such entities as pars planitis, posterior cyclitis, and hyalitis are encompassed.
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vitreous humour (British spelling) or vitreous humor (U.S. spelling) is the clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eyeball of humans and other vertebrates. It is often referred to as the vitreous body or simply "the vitreous".
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The pars plana is part of the uvea, choroidea, one of the three layers that comprise the eye. It is about 4 mm long and located near the point where the iris and sclera touch.
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For the moth genus, see Retina (moth).


The retina is a thin layer of neural cells that lines the back of the eyeball of vertebrates and some cephalopods. It is comparable to the film in a camera.
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The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is the vascular layer of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera, with a thickness about 0.5 mm. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina [1] .
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Human Leukocyte Antigen B*27 (subtypes B*2701-2724) is a class I surface antigen encoded by the B locus in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6. It presents microbial antigens to T-cells and is strongly associated with certain immunity diseases (SpA
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Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy, abbreviated APMPPE, is a rare eye disease that mainly affects Caucasian people aged 20–30 years. Both sexes are affected.
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Ankylosing spondylitis
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 M 08.1 , M 45.
ICD-9 720.0

OMIM 106300
DiseasesDB 728
MedlinePlus 000420
eMedicine radio/41  
MeSH D013167 Ankylosing spondylitis (AS
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Behçet disease
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 M 35.2
ICD-9 279.4

OMIM 109650
DiseasesDB 1285

eMedicine med/218   ped/219 derm/49 oph/425
MeSH D001528

Behçet disease (Behçet's syndrome,
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In ophthalmology, birdshot retinochoroidopathy is a form of uveitis, an eye inflammation. It is suspected to be an autoimmune disease, and is associated with the haplotype Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A29 in 99% of the cases.
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Brucellosis
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 A 23.
ICD-9 023

DiseasesDB 1716
MedlinePlus 000597
eMedicine med/248   Brucellosis, also called undulant fever or Malta fever
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Herpes simplex
Classification & external resources

Microscopy image of a Herpes simplex virus.
ICD-10 A 60. , B 00. , G 05.1 , P 35.2
ICD-9 054.0 , 054.1 , 054.2 , 054.3 , 771.
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Herpes zoster
Classification & external resources

Herpes zoster blisters on the neck and shoulder
ICD-10 B 02.
ICD-9 053

DiseasesDB 29119
MedlinePlus 000858
eMedicine med/1007   derm/180 emerg/823 oph/257 ped/996

Herpes zoster
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