Unified Silla

Information about Unified Silla

Unified Silla

Anapji pavilion

Korean name

Hangul	통일 신라
Hanja	統一新羅
Revised Romanization	Tong(-)il Silla
McCune-Reischauer	T'ongil Silla

Unified Silla or Later Silla (668–935) is the name often applied to the kingdom of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, after 668, when it conquered Baekje to unify the southern portion of the Korean peninsula. Its last king, ruling over a state in name only, submitted to the emerging Goryeo in 935, bringing the dynasty to an end.

Name

The name "Unified Silla" is a term that likely dates from after the division of Korea in 1945, and to some degree reflects modern-day political longings. Because of this, some historians suggest the term North-South States Period (nambukguk sidae = 남북국 시대 = 南北國時代) to better reflect the fact that Silla did not unify the Three Kingdoms' entire territory. Large parts of former Goguryeo territory remained outside Silla's realm and were part of the newly emerged Balhae state.

History of Korea
Jeulmun Period Mumun Period Gojoseon, Jin Proto-Three Kingdoms: Buyeo, Okjeo, Dongye Samhan Ma, Byeon, Jin Three Kingdoms: Goguryeo Sui wars Baekje Silla, Gaya North-South States: Unified Silla Balhae Later Three Kingdoms Goryeo Khitan wars Mongol invasions Joseon Japanese invasions Manchu invasions Korean Empire Japanese occupation Provisional Gov't Division of Korea Korean War North, South Korea
List of monarchs Military history Naval history Timeline

Unification

Main article: Silla

In 660, King Munmu the Great ordered his armies to attack Baekje. General Kim Yu-shin, aided by Tang forces, defeated General Gyebaek and conquered Baekje. In 661, he moved on Goguryeo but was repelled. King Munmu was the first ruler ever to look upon the south of Korean Peninsula as a single political entity after the fall of Gojoseon. As such, the post-668 Silla kingdom is often referred to as Unified Silla. Unified Silla lasted for 267 years until, under King Gyeongsun, it fell to Goryeo in 935.

Vairocana Buddha

Culture

Buddhism: Unified Silla and Tang maintained close ties. This was evidenced by the continual importation of Chinese culture. Many Korean monks went to China to learn about Buddhism. The monk Hyech'o went to India to study Buddhism and wrote of accounts. http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&vid=ISBN0395652375&id=MziRd4ddZz4C&pg=PA156&lpg=PA156&dq=unified+silla&sig=PtHzeMj5shwKqi4tWeHY7aIPbZE. Different new sects of Buddhism were introduced by these traveling monks who had studied abroad such as Son and Pure Land Buddhism http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&vid=ISBN0395652375&id=MziRd4ddZz4C&pg=PA156&lpg=PA156&dq=unified+silla&sig=PtHzeMj5shwKqi4tWeHY7aIPbZE.
Confucianism: A national confucian college was established in 682 and around 750 it was renamed the National Confucian University http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&vid=ISBN0395652375&id=MziRd4ddZz4C&pg=PA156&lpg=PA156&dq=unified+silla&sig=PtHzeMj5shwKqi4tWeHY7aIPbZE. The university was restricted to the elite aristocracy.
Woodblock printing: Woodblock printing was used to disseminate Buddhist sutras and Confucian works. During a refurbishment of the Pagoda That Casts No Shadows, an ancient print of a Buddhist sutra was discovered. The print is dated to 751 CE and is the oldest discovered printed material in the world. http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&vid=ISBN0395652375&id=MziRd4ddZz4C&pg=PA156&lpg=PA156&dq=unified+silla&sig=PtHzeMj5shwKqi4tWeHY7aIPbZE.

Economy

At first, Silla decreased agriculture output tax to 1/10 before unification and assigned tributary payment per town with special products.

Unified Silla conducted a census of all towns' size and population, as well as horses, cows and special products and recorded the data in Minjeongmunseo(민정문서). The reporting was done by the leader of each town. ^[1]

References

1. ^ Korean history for highschool p.141, issued by National History Compilation Committee of the Republic of Korea, The

Location Gyeongju National Park

Lake type artificial pond

Basin countries South Korea

3

Korean name

Hangul 안압?
Hanja
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Hangul (한글) or Chosŏn'gŭl (조선글) ^[2]

ISO 15924 Hang

Note
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Origins
Traditional Chinese
Variant characters
Simplified Chinese
Simplified Chinese (2nd-round)
Traditional/Simplified (debate)
Kanji
- Man'yōgana
Hanja
- Idu
Han Tu
- Chữ Nm

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The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea. It is the official South Korean replacement for the 1984 McCune-Reischauer–based romanization system.
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McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language romanization systems, along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which replaced (a modified) McCune-Reischauer as the official romanization system in South Korea in 2000.
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7th century · 8th century
630s 640s 650s 660s 670s 680s 690s
665 666 667 668 669 670 671
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9th century - 10th century - 11st century
900s 910s 920s - 930s - 940s 950s 960s
932 933 934 - 935 - 936 937 938
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History of Korea
Jeulmun Period
Mumun Period
Gojoseon, Jin
Proto-Three Kingdoms:
Buyeo, Okjeo, Dongye
Samhan
Ma, Byeon, Jin
Three Kingdoms:
Goguryeo
Sui wars
Baekje
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Three Kingdoms of Korea (Hangul: 삼국시대) refer to the ancient Korean kingdoms of Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla, which dominated the Korean peninsula and parts of Manchuria for much of the 1st millennium CE.
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Korean Peninsula is a peninsula in East Asia. It extends southwards for about 684 miles (1,100 km) from the continental Asia into the Pacific Ocean and is surrounded by the Sea of Japan (East Sea) on the east, the East China Sea to the south, and the Yellow Sea to the west, the
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The Goryeo Dynasty, established in 918, united the Later Three Kingdoms in 936 and ruled Korea until it was removed by the Joseon dynasty in 1392. Two of this period's most notable products are Goryeo pottery — the famous Korean celadon pottery — and the
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division of Korea into North Korea and South Korea stems from the 1945 Allied victory in World War II, ending Japan's 35-year occupation of Korea. In a proposal opposed by nearly all Koreans, the United States and the Soviet Union agreed to temporarily occupy the country as a
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Alternate meaning: Bohai Sea

Balhae (698 - 926) (Bohai in Chinese) was an ancient multiethnic kingdom established after the fall of Goguryeo.
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history of Korea stretches from Lower Paleolithic times to the present.^[1] The earliest known Korean pottery dates to around 8000 BCE, and the Neolithic period began before 6000 BCE, followed by the Bronze Age around 2500 BCE.
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Gojoseon is an ancient Korean kingdom. It is called the first kingdom in Korea. Modern historians generally believe it developed into a powerful federation or kingdom between 7th and 4th centuries BCE, in the basins of the Liao and Taedong Rivers, ruling over northern Korean
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Jin was an early Iron Age state which occupied some portion of the southern Korean peninsula during the 2nd and 3rd centuries BCE, bordering the Korean kingdom Gojoseon to the north. Its capital was somewhere south of the Han River.
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Buyeo, Puyo, or Fuyu was an ancient kingdom located in today's North Korea and southern Manchuria, from about the 2nd century BC to 494. Its remnants were absorbed by Goguryeo in 494, and both Goguryeo and Baekje, two of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, considered
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Okjeo was a small tribal state which arose in the northern Korean peninsula from perhaps 2nd century BC to 5th century AD.

Dong-okjeo (East Okjeo) occupied roughly the area of the Hamgyŏng provinces of North Korea, and Buk-okjeo (North Okjeo) occupied the Duman River
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Dongye was a state which occupied portions of the northeastern Korean peninsula from roughly 150 BCE to around 400 CE. It bordered Goguryeo and Okjeo to the north, Jinhan to the south, and China's Lelang Commandery to the west.
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Samhan refers to the ancient confederacies of Mahan, Jinhan, and Byeonhan in central and southern Korean peninsula, which were eventually absorbed into two of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.
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Mahan was a loose confederacy of chiefdoms that existed from around the 1st century BC to the 3rd century CE in the southern Korean peninsula in the Chungcheong Province. Arising out of the confluence of Gojoseon migration and the Jin federation, Mahan was one of the Samhan (or
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Byeonhan, also known as Byeonjin, was a loose confederacy of chiefdoms that existed from around the beginning of the Common Era to the 4th century in the southern Korean peninsula. Byeonhan was one of the Samhan (or "Three Hans"), along with Mahan and Jinhan.
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Jinhan was a loose confederacy of chiefdoms that existed from around the 1st century BC to the 4th century CE in the southern Korean peninsula, to the east of the Nakdong River valley, Gyeongsang Province.
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Goguryeo or Koguryo was an ancient kingdom located in southern Manchuria, southern Russian Maritime province, and the northern and central parts of the Korean peninsula.

Along with Baekje and Silla, Goguryeo was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.
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Goguryeo-Sui Wars were a series of campaigns launched by the Sui Dynasty of China against the Goguryeo kingdom of Korea between 598 and 614. It resulted in the defeat of Sui and contributed to its eventual downfall of the dynasty in 618.
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Unified Silla

Information about Unified Silla

Name

Unification

Culture

Economy

See also

References