iPedia Free Information Center

Information about Type Ii Cytokeratin

Type II keratins (or Type II cytokeratins) constitutes the Type II intermediate filaments (IFs) of the intracytoplasmatic cytoskeleton, which is present in all mammalian epithelial cells. The type 2 cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral, high molecular weight proteins which in vivo are arranged in pairs of heterotypic Type I and Type II keratin chains, coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues.

Type II cytokeratins are encoded on chromosome 12q and encompasses: CK1, CK2, CK3, CK4, CK5, CK6, CK7 and CK8. Their molecular weight ranges from 52 kDa (CK8) to 67 kDa (CK18).

External links

 •  • [ e]
Proteins of the cytoskeleton
MicrofilamentsActins - Actin-binding proteins - Actinin - Arp2/3 complex - Cofilin - Destrin - Gelsolin - Myosins - Profilin - Tropomodulin - Troponin (T, C, I) - Tropomyosin - Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein
Intermediate filamentstype 1 and 2 (Cytokeratin, type I, type II) - type 3 (Desmin, GFAP, Peripherin, Vimentin) - type 4 (Internexin, Nestin, Neurofilament, Synemin, Syncoilin) - type 5 (Lamin A, B)
MicrotubulesDyneins - Kinesins - MAPs (Tau protein, Dynamin) - Tubulins - Stathmin
CateninsAlpha catenin - Beta catenin - Plakoglobin (gamma catenin) - Delta catenin
NonhumanMajor sperm proteins - Prokaryotic cytoskeleton (Crescentin, FtsZ, MreB)
OtherAPC - Dystrophin (Dystroglycan) - plakin (Desmoplakin, Plectin) - Spectrin - Talin - Utrophin - Vinculin
 •  • [ e]
Protein: fibrous proteins
CollagenType-I (COL1A1) - Type-II (COL2A1) - Type-III - Type-IV - Type-V - Type XI (COL11A2) - Type-XVII - Type-XVIII
Keratin/Cytokeratintype I (10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21), type II (1, 2A, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 7, 8, 9), Hair (Type I, Type II), Beta
otherElastin -
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are cytoskeletal structures formed by members of a family of related proteins. Intermediate filaments have a diameter between that of actin (microfilaments) and microtubules.
..... Click the link for more information.
Proteins are large organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid residues.
..... Click the link for more information.
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
..... Click the link for more information.
Proteins are large organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid residues.
..... Click the link for more information.
cytoskeleton is a cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" contained, as all other organelles, within the cytoplasm. It is contained in all eukaryotic cells and recent research has shown it can be present in prokaryotic cells too.
..... Click the link for more information.
Microfilaments are the thinnest filaments of the cytoskeleton found in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells. These linear polymers of actin subunits are flexible and relatively strong, resisting buckling by multi-piconewton compressive forces and filament fracture by nanonewton
..... Click the link for more information.
Actin is a globular structural, 42-47 kDa protein found in many eukaryotic cells, with concentrations of over 100 μM. It is also one of the most highly conserved proteins, differing by no more than 5% in species as diverse as algae and humans.
..... Click the link for more information.
This is a list of actin-binding proteins in alphabetical order.
List: 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W x Y Z
References  External links

0–9

  • 25kDa
  • 25kDa ABP from aorta p185neu

..... Click the link for more information.
Actinin is a microfilament protein. α-Actinin is necessary for the attachment of actin filaments to the z-line membrane, in muscle cells. The functional protein is an anti-parallel dimer, which cross-links the thin filaments in adjacent sarcomeres, and therefore coordinated
..... Click the link for more information.
Arp2/3 complex is a seven-subunit protein that plays a major role in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. It is a necessary component of the actin cytoskeleton and is therefore ubiquitous in actin cytoskeleton-containing eukaryotic cells.[1].
..... Click the link for more information.
Identifiers
Symbol CFL2

Entrez 1073
HUGO 1875
OMIM 601443

RefSeq NM_021914
UniProt Q9Y281
Other data

Locus Chr. 14 ADF/cofilin is a family of actin-binding proteins which disassembles actin filaments.
..... Click the link for more information.
Destrin is a protein in microfilaments.

External links

  • MeSH Destrin


..... Click the link for more information.
Gelsolin is an actin-binding protein that is a key regulator of actin filament assembly and disassembly. Gelsolin is one of the most potent members of the actin-severing gelsolin/villin superfamily, as it severs with nearly 100% efficiency.
..... Click the link for more information.
Myosins are a large family of motor proteins found in eukaryotic tissues. They are responsible for actin-based motility.

Structure and Function

Domains

Most myosin molecules are composed of both a head and a tail domain.
..... Click the link for more information.
Profilin is an actin-binding protein involved in cytoskeleton dynamics. It is found in most eukaryotic cells and in mammalian cells two kinds of profilin have been discovered; Profilin I and II.
..... Click the link for more information.
Tropomodulin is a protein which binds and caps actin.

Genes

  • TMOD1
  • TMOD2
  • TMOD3
  • TMOD4

External links

  • MeSH Tropomodulin

..... Click the link for more information.
Troponin is a complex of three proteins that is integral to muscle contraction in skeletal and cardiac muscle, but not smooth muscle. Troponin is attached to the protein tropomyosin and lies within the groove between actin filaments in muscle tissue.
..... Click the link for more information.
Troponin T is a part of the troponin complex. It binds to tropomyosin, interlocking them to form a troponin-tropomyosin complex.

The tissue specific subtypes are:
  • Slow skeletal troponin T1, TNNT1 (19q13.

..... Click the link for more information.
Troponin C is a part of the troponin complex. It binds to calcium ions to produce movement.

The tissue specific subtypes are:
  • Slow troponin C, TNNC1 (3p21.3-p14.3, Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) 191040 )
  • Fast troponin C, TNNC2 (20q12-q13.

..... Click the link for more information.
Troponin I is a part of the troponin complex. It binds to actin in thin myofilaments to hold the troponin-tropomyosin complex in place. The letter I is given due to its inhibitory character.
..... Click the link for more information.
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject.
Please help recruit one or [ improve this article] yourself. See the talk page for details.
..... Click the link for more information.
The Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein (WASp) is a 502-amino acid protein that is expressed in cells of the hematopoietic system. In the inactive state, WASp exists in an auto-inhibited conformation with sequences near its C-terminus binding to a region near its N-terminus.
..... Click the link for more information.
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are cytoskeletal structures formed by members of a family of related proteins. Intermediate filaments have a diameter between that of actin (microfilaments) and microtubules.
..... Click the link for more information.
Cytokeratins are intermediate filament keratins found in the intracytoplasmic cytoskeleton of epithelial tissue. There are two types of cytokeratins: the low weight, acidic type I cytokeratins and the high weight, basic or neutral type II cytokeratins.
..... Click the link for more information.
Type I keratins (or Type I cytokeratins) constitutes the Type I intermediate filaments (IFs) of the intracytoplasmatic cytoskeleton, which is present in all mammalian epithelial cells.
..... Click the link for more information.
Desmin is a type III intermediate filament found near the Z line in sarcomeres. It was first purified in 1977, the gene was characterized in 1989, and the first knock-out mouse was created in 1996.
..... Click the link for more information.
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an intermediate filament (IF) protein that is found in glial cells such as astrocytes. First described in 1971[1], GFAP is a type III IF protein that maps, in humans, to 17q21.
..... Click the link for more information.
Peripherin is a type of Intermediate filament.

Found in subsets of neurons

External links

  • MeSH Peripherin


..... Click the link for more information.
Vimentin is a member of the intermediate filament family of proteins. Intermediate filaments are an important structural feature of eukaryotic cells. They, along with microtubules and actin microfilaments, make up the cytoskeleton.
..... Click the link for more information.
Internexin, alpha-internexin, is a Class IV intermediate filament approximately 66 KDa. The protein was originally purified from rat optic nerve and spinal cord [1].
..... Click the link for more information.


This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.
Herod_Archelaus


page counter