Information about Toy Industry
The toy industry was the term used to describe a number of metalworking industries that produced small goods; hinges, buttons, belt buckles and hooks are all examples of goods that were once considered "toys". The term "toy" was used starting in the 18th century or earlier to describe the industry in the English Midlands, and changed to its modern form ("toy" as in plaything) years later. The metalworking legacy still exists in the form of Birmingham's Jewellery Quarter.
Although the toy industry tended to be based on small cottage manufactories at first, the rise of the middle class in London created a demand that led to rapid expansion of the industry in the mid-18th century. At this point economies of scale started to come into effect, and a number of very large manufactories were built, leading to the common use of the term "factory". These factories typically had a number of designers that could be called on for any sort of work, while different parts of the building were dedicated to mass production of different sorts of goods. These early factories were an early step on the road to the assembly line, and an important factor in the creation of the Industrial Revolution.
One major name in the toy industry is Matthew Boulton, In 1760 he described the Birmingham buckle trade to a House of Commons select committee, estimating that at least 8,000 were employed, generating £300,000 worth of business, with the majority being for export to Europe. In 1766 Boulton completed near Birmingham a "model manufactory" called Soho Manufactory, powered by water, employing one thousand workers. From the late 1770s, Soho dominated the toy industry in England, with its mass production assembly line techniques, producing high-quality buckles, buttons, boxes, trinkets in steel, gold, sterling silver, and Sheffield plate. His industrial methods and metalworking made him a natural partner for James Watt, and the two – both members of the Lunar Society where they met – would go on to build steam engines all across England. Boulton also put the engine to his own use, powering his plants and introducing a clever powered coin press which was almost completely automated. Boulton also introduced many of the industrial innovations used today, including not only defined shifts and eating periods, but group welfare and insurance policies that are taken for granted today.
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Although the toy industry tended to be based on small cottage manufactories at first, the rise of the middle class in London created a demand that led to rapid expansion of the industry in the mid-18th century. At this point economies of scale started to come into effect, and a number of very large manufactories were built, leading to the common use of the term "factory". These factories typically had a number of designers that could be called on for any sort of work, while different parts of the building were dedicated to mass production of different sorts of goods. These early factories were an early step on the road to the assembly line, and an important factor in the creation of the Industrial Revolution.
One major name in the toy industry is Matthew Boulton, In 1760 he described the Birmingham buckle trade to a House of Commons select committee, estimating that at least 8,000 were employed, generating £300,000 worth of business, with the majority being for export to Europe. In 1766 Boulton completed near Birmingham a "model manufactory" called Soho Manufactory, powered by water, employing one thousand workers. From the late 1770s, Soho dominated the toy industry in England, with its mass production assembly line techniques, producing high-quality buckles, buttons, boxes, trinkets in steel, gold, sterling silver, and Sheffield plate. His industrial methods and metalworking made him a natural partner for James Watt, and the two – both members of the Lunar Society where they met – would go on to build steam engines all across England. Boulton also put the engine to his own use, powering his plants and introducing a clever powered coin press which was almost completely automated. Boulton also introduced many of the industrial innovations used today, including not only defined shifts and eating periods, but group welfare and insurance policies that are taken for granted today.
References
A History of Birmingham, Chris Upton, 1993, ISBN 0-85033-870-0 This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject.
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The 18th Century lasted from 1701 through 1800 in the Gregorian calendar.
Historians sometimes specifically define the 18th Century otherwise for the purposes of their work.
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Historians sometimes specifically define the 18th Century otherwise for the purposes of their work.
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Motto
Dieu et mon droit (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
No official anthem specific to England — the anthem of the United Kingdom is "God Save the Queen".
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Dieu et mon droit (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
No official anthem specific to England — the anthem of the United Kingdom is "God Save the Queen".
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Midlands can refer to the central region of any territory or nation. In Britain and Ireland, the term seems to be reserved for the "middle" in the vertical (North/South) direction - but countries oriented more EW might use "Mid" with a horizontal meaning (ie between East and West).
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toy is an object used in play. Toys are usually associated with children and pets, but it is not unusual for adult humans and some non-domesticated animals to play with toys.
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City of Birmingham
Birmingham Skyline viewed from Centenary Square
Coat of Arms of the City Council
Nickname: "Brum = Scum", "Brummagem", "Second City", "Workshop of the World", "City of a Thousand Trades"
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Birmingham Skyline viewed from Centenary Square
Coat of Arms of the City Council
Nickname: "Brum = Scum", "Brummagem", "Second City", "Workshop of the World", "City of a Thousand Trades"
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The Jewellery Quarter is situated in the south of the Hockley area of Birmingham, England. It is about one mile north-west of Birmingham city centre, centered around grid reference SP060876 , and is an Anchor Point of ERIH, the European Route of Industrial Heritage.
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middle class, in colloquial usage, consists of those people who have a degree of economic independence, but not a great deal of social influence or power. The term often encompasses merchants and professionals, bureaucrats, and some farmers and skilled workers.
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London
Canary Wharf is the centre of London's modern office towers
London shown within England
Coordinates:
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Constituent country England
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Canary Wharf is the centre of London's modern office towers
London shown within England
Coordinates:
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Constituent country England
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In economics, returns to scale and economies of scale are related terms that describe what happens as the scale of production increases. They are different terms and are not to be used interchangeably.
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factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is an industrial building where workers manufacture goods or supervise machines processing one product into another.
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An assembly line is a manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create a finished product. The best known form of the assembly line, the moving assembly line, was created by Henry Ford.
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Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, and transportation had a profound effect on socioeconomic and cultural conditions in Britain and subsequently spread throughout the world, a process that
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Matthew Boulton (September 3, 1728 – 18 August 1809) was an English manufacturer and engineer.
Boulton was born in Birmingham, England where his father, Matthew Boulton the elder, was a "toymaker" (a manufacturer of small metal articles of various kinds).
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Boulton was born in Birmingham, England where his father, Matthew Boulton the elder, was a "toymaker" (a manufacturer of small metal articles of various kinds).
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The Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled
Type Lower House
Speaker Michael Martin, (Non-affiliated)
since October 23, 2000
Leader Harriet Harman, (Labour)
since June 28, 2007
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Type Lower House
Speaker Michael Martin, (Non-affiliated)
since October 23, 2000
Leader Harriet Harman, (Labour)
since June 28, 2007
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Select Committee is a committee made up of a small number of parliamentary members appointed to deal with particular areas or issues originating in the Westminster System of parliamentary democracy.
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The Soho Manufactory (grid reference SP051890 ), not to be confused with the Soho Foundry, was an early factory which pioneered mass production on the assembly line principle, in Soho, Birmingham, England.
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Centuries: 17th century - 18th century - 19th century
1740s 1750s 1760s - 1770s - 1780s 1790s 1800s
1770 1771 1772 1773 1774
1775 1776 1777 1778 1779
- -
-
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1740s 1750s 1760s - 1770s - 1780s 1790s 1800s
1770 1771 1772 1773 1774
1775 1776 1777 1778 1779
- -
-
Events and trends
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For the American band of the 1970s and 1980s, see .
Mass production (also called flow production, repetitive flow production, or series production) is the production of large amounts of standardized products on production lines...... Click the link for more information.
buckle (from Latin buccula) is a clasp used for fastening two things together, such as the ends of a belt, or for retaining the end of a strap. Before the invention of the zipper, buckles were commonly used to fasten boots and other shoes.
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button is a small disc- or knob-shaped, typically round, object usually attached to an article of clothing in order to secure an opening, or for ornamentation. Functional buttons work by slipping the button through a fabric or thread loop, or by sliding the button through a slit
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Sterling silver is an alloy of silver containing 92.5% pure silver and 7.5% other metals, usually copper. The minimum millesimal fineness is 925.
Fine silver (99.
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Fine silver (99.
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Sheffield plate is a layered combination of silver and copper that was used for many years to produce a wide range of household articles. These included buttons, caddy spoons, serving utensils, candlesticks and other lighting devices, tea and coffee services, serving dishes and
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James Watt (19 January 1736 – 19 August 1819) was a Scottish inventor and engineer whose improvements to the steam engine were fundamental to the changes wrought by the Industrial Revolution. His influential teacher was Joseph Black.
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- For society on the moon, see Colonization of the Moon.
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steam engine is an external combustion heat engine that makes use of the heat energy that exists in steam, converting it to mechanical work.
Steam engines were used as the prime mover in pumping stations, locomotives, steam ships, traction engines, steam lorries and other
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Steam engines were used as the prime mover in pumping stations, locomotives, steam ships, traction engines, steam lorries and other
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COIN can refer to:
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- Collaborative Innovation Networks
- Counterinsurgency
- Coin
- This article is about monetary coins.
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- welfare, see welfare.
- For the means-tested benefit in the United Kingdom, see Income Support.
Welfare is financial assistance paid by taxpayers to people who are unable to support themselves.
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