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Information about Tower Of The Winds

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18th-century reconstruction of the Tower of the Winds from The Antiquities of Athens, 1762


The Tower of the Winds, also called horologion (timepiece), is an octagonal Pentelic marble tower on the Roman agora in Athens. It was supposedly built by Andronicus of Cyrrhus around 50 BC, but according to other sources might have been constructed in the 2nd century BC before the rest of the forum.

The 12 m tall structure has a diameter of about 8 m and was topped in antiquity by a weathervane-like Triton that indicated the wind direction. Below the frieze depicting the eight wind deities — Boreas (N), Kaikias (NE), Eurus (E), Apeliotes (SE), Notus (S), Lips (SW), Zephyrus (W), and Skiron (NW) — there are nine sundials. In its interior, there was a water clock (or clepsydra), driven by water coming down from the Acropolis.

In early Christian times, the building was used as the bell tower of a Byzantine Church. It was partly buried in the ground until it was fully excavated in the 19th century by the Archaeological Society of Athens.

The design of the 18th-century Radcliffe Observatory in Oxford, England, is based on the Tower of the Winds, as is the mausoleum of the Greek expatriate merchant Panayis Vagliano at West Norwood Cemetery.

There is also a similar tower in Sevastopol, built in 1849.




The frieze of the tower showing the Greek wind gods Boreas (north wind, on the left) and Skiron (northwesterly wind, on the right)

The tower of the winds

The Tower of the Winds in Sevastopol


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Landmarks of Athens
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Horologion (Greek: ῾Ωρολόγιον; Church Slavonic: Часocлoвъ, Chasoslov, Romanian: Ceaslov), or Book of Hours
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Penteli or Pendeli (Πεντέλ?)
Pentelicus or Pentelikos, Vrilissos or Vrilittos and Mendeli

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Marble is a nonfoliated metamorphic rock resulting from the metamorphism of limestone, composed mostly of calcite (a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, CaCO3). It is extensively used for sculpture, as a building material, and in many other applications.
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Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea.
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An agora (αγορά), translatable as , was a public space and an essential part of an ancient Greek polis or city-state. An agora acted as a marketplace and a forum to the citizens of the polis.
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Location

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Time zone: EET/EEST (UTC+2/3)
Elevation (min-max): 70 - 338 m (0 - 0 ft)
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Andronicus of Cyrrhus was a Greek astronomer who flourished about 100 BC.

He built a horologium at Athens, the so-called Tower of the Winds, a considerable portion of which still exists.
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1st century BC - 1st century
80s BC  70s BC  60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC  30s BC  20s BC 
53 BC 52 BC 51 BC - 50 BC - 49 BC 48 BC 47 BC

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The 2nd century BC started the first day of 200 BC and ended the last day of 101 BC. It is considered part of the Classical era, although depending on the region being studied, other terms may be more proper (for instance, if regarding only the Eastern Mediterranean, it would best
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The Forum was the public space in the middle of a Roman city. Modelled on the Roman Forum and Imperial forums in Rome itself, they are to be found in Italy (often forming the piazza of the modern town) and throughout the empire with examples at:

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diameter (Greek words diairo = divide and metro = measure) of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the center of the circle and whose endpoints are on the circle. The diameters are the longest chords of the circle.
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    Triton is a mythological Greek god, the messenger of the deep. He is the son of Poseidon, god of the sea, and Amphitrite, goddess of the sea. He is usually represented as a merman, having the upper body of a human and the tail of a fish.
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    In Greek mythology, the Anemoi (in Greek, Άνεμοι — "winds") were wind gods who were each ascribed a cardinal direction, from which their respective winds came, and were each associated with various seasons and weather conditions.
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    frieze is the wide central section of an entablature and may be plain or — in the Ionic or Corinthian order — decorated with bas-reliefs. In an astylar wall it lies upon the architrave ('main beam') and is capped by the moldings of the cornice.
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    sundial is a device that measures time by the position of the Sun. The most commonly seen designs, such as the 'ordinary' or standard garden sundial, cast a shadow on a flat surface marked with the hours of the day.
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    A water clock or clepsydra (Greek kleptein, to steal; hydor, water) is any timekeeper operated by means of a regulated flow of liquid into (inflow type) or out from (outflow type) a vessel where it is measured.
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    State Party  Greece
    Type Cultural
    Criteria i, ii, iii, iv, vi
    Reference 404
    Region Europe and North America

    Inscription History
    Inscription 1987  (11th Session)
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    For the periodical, see .
    The 19th Century (also written XIX century) lasted from 1801 through 1900 in the Gregorian calendar. It is often referred to as the "1800s.
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    The Archaeological Society of Athens (Εν Αθήναις Αρχαιολογική Εταιρεία
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    Radcliffe Observatory was founded at Oxford University (Oxford, England) in 1772. It is known by that name as it was founded by the Radcliffe Trustees, after John Radcliffe.
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    Oxford is a city and local government district in Oxfordshire, England, with a population of 134,248 (2001 census). It is home to the University of Oxford, the oldest university in the English-speaking world.
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    Motto
    Dieu et mon droit   (French)
    "God and my right"
    Anthem
    No official anthem specific to England — the anthem of the United Kingdom is "God Save the Queen".
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    mausoleum (plural: mausolea) is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or persons.
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    Panayis Athanase Vagliano Greek: Παναγής Βαλλιάνος a.k.a.
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    West Norwood Cemetery is a 40-acre cemetery in West Norwood in the London Borough of Lambeth in London, England.

    By 2000 there had been 164,000 burials in 42,000 plots, plus 34,000 cremations and several thousand internments in its catacombs.
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    Sevastopol
    Севастополь
    Aqyar
    View of the Sevastopol port.
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    frieze is the wide central section of an entablature and may be plain or — in the Ionic or Corinthian order — decorated with bas-reliefs. In an astylar wall it lies upon the architrave ('main beam') and is capped by the moldings of the cornice.
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    landmark literally meant a geographic feature used by explorers and others to find their way back or through an area.

    In modern usage, it includes anything that is easily recognizable, such as a monument, building, or other structure.
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