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Information about Timeline Of The History Of Afghanistan

This is a timeline of the history of modern Afghanistan. To read about the background to these events, see History of Afghanistan. See also the list of leaders of Afghanistan and the list of years in Afghanistan.

This timeline is incomplete; some important events may be missing. Please help add to it.

18th - 19th - 20th - 21st


18th century

Year DateEvent
1709April 21Mirwais Khan Hotak, the leader of the Ghilzai Afghans and mayor of Kandahar, killed the Persian-appointed governor Gurgin Khan and declared himself King of Afghanistan.
1715Mirwais Khan died of natural causes. His son, Mir Mahmud Hotaki, took the throne.
1722The Afghan army captured the Persian capital, Isfahan. Mir Mahmud declared himself Shah of Persia.
1725April 22Mir Mahmud was murdered. His cousin Ashraf Khan succeeded him.
1729September 29Battle of Damghan: A Persian warlord, Nader Shah, defeated the forces of Ashraf Khan and forced them to retreat back into Afghanistan.
1747Nadir Shah was assassinated. His former general, Ahmad Shah Durrani, was selected as Amir of Khorasan by a loya jirga. He established the Durrani Empire, which became over time to what is today the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.


19th century

Year DateEvent
1809The Afghan king Shuja Shah Durrani signed a treaty of alliance with the United Kingdom.
May 3Shuja was overthrown by his brother Mahmud Shah Durrani.
1826Dost Mohammad, son of Payinda Khan Muhammadzai, takes over the throne in Kabul, where he proclaimed himself Amir.
1839MarchFirst Anglo-Afghan War: A British expeditionary force captured Quetta.
AugustFirst Anglo-Afghan War: Shuja was reinstated to the throne.
1841NovemberFirst Anglo-Afghan War: A mob killed the British envoy to Afghanistan.
1842JanuaryFirst Anglo-Afghan War: Retreating British force of 16,000 were massacred by the Afghan's, leaving only one soldier, Dr. William Brydon, to retreat.
1857Afghanistan declares war on Persia that quickly resolved with the Afghanistan taking Herat.
1862The Persian army, acting in concert with Ahmad Khan, advanced against Kandahar but fail and retreat.
1878JanuarySecond Anglo-Afghan War: Afghanistan refused a British diplomatic mission, as one was sent and turned away, the Second Anglo-Afghan War erupts.
1879MaySecond Anglo-Afghan War & the Treaty of Grandamak: To prevent British control over most of the country, an agreement ends the war giving much Afghan power to the British.
1880July 22Abdur Rahman is officially recognized as Amir of Afghanistan.


20th century

Year DateEvent
1901Habibullah Khan, son of Abdur Rahman Khan, become Amir of Afghanistan. He was secular leader, brought western medicine, brought back political exiles like the Tarzi family and others, and repealed many of the harshest criminal penalties.
1919FebruaryHabibullah Khan assassinated, Amanullah Khan declares himself king.
1919MayAmanullah Khan leads a surprise attack against the British, beginning the Third Anglo-Afghan War, the War of Independence.
1919 - 1921Third Anglo-Afghan War leads towards stalemate. Afghan Foreign Minister Mahmud Tarzi and British Envoy led by Lord Marbury negotiate Rawalpindi Agreement for two years, leading to Afghan Independence.
1929King Amanullah Khan abdicates after heavy resistance for his reforms.
1929After two weak leaders, Mohammed Nadir Shah takes control of Afghanistan and abolishs many of King Amanullah's reforms.
1933After Nadir Shah was assassinated, his son, Mohammed Zahir Shah, was proclaimed king at the age of nineteen.
1964A new constitution is created that institutes a democratic legislature and economic modernization.
1965January 1The Marxist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) held its first congress.
1978April 28Saur Revolution: Military units loyal to the PDPA assaulted the Afghan Presidential palace, killing President Mohammed Daoud Khan.
May 1Saur Revolution: The PDPA installed its leader, Nur Muhammad Taraki, as President of Afghanistan.
JulyA rebellion against the new Afghan government began with an uprising in Nuristan.
December 5A treaty was signed which permitted deployment of the Soviet military at the Afghan government's request.
1979September 14Taraki was murdered by supporters of Prime Minister Hafizullah Amin.
December 24Soviet war in Afghanistan: Fearing the collapse of the Amin regime, the Soviet army invaded Afghanistan.
December 27Operation Storm-333: Soviet troops occupied major governmental, military and media buildings in Kabul, including the Tajbeg Presidential Palace, and executed Prime Minister Amin.
1988April 14Soviet war in Afghanistan: The Soviet government signed the Geneva Accords, which included a timetable for withdrawing their armed forces.
1989February 15Soviet war in Afghanistan: The last Soviet troops left the country.


21st century

Year DateEvent
2001September 11September 11, 2001 attacks: Members of Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda organization, headquartered in Afghanistan, committed a series of terrorist attacks on the commercial and military centers of the United States.
September 20United States president George W. Bush demanded that the Afghan government turn over all resident al-Qaeda members to the United States and close all resident terrorist training camps.
September 21The government refused Bush's ultimatum.
October 7War in Afghanistan (2001–present): The United States began an aerial bombing campaign against the Taliban.
2003December 142003 loya jirga: A 502-delegate loya jirga was convened to consider a new Afghan constitution.
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History of Afghanistan
Pre-Islamic Period • Islamic Conquest
  • Durrani Empire
  • British and Russian influence
  • Independence and civil war
  • Mohammedzai monarchy
  • Republic of Afghanistan

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History of Afghanistan
Pre-Islamic Period • Islamic Conquest
  • Durrani Empire
  • British and Russian influence
  • Independence and civil war
  • Mohammedzai monarchy
  • Republic of Afghanistan

..... Click the link for more information.
This is a list of years in Afghanistan. See also the timeline of the history of Afghanistan. For only articles about years in Afghanistan that have been written, see .

Twenty-first century

2007 - 2006 - 2005 - 2004 - 2003 - 2002 - 2001


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8th century - 9th century - 10th century
850s  860s  870s  - 880s -  890s  900s  910s
885 886 887 - 888 - 889 890 891

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Subjects:     Archaeology - Architecture -
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Mir Wais Khan Hotak (1673-1715) was an Afghan of ethnic Tatar[1] tribal chief of the Ghilzai clan from Kandahar, who founded the Hotaki dynasty that ruled Persia from 1722 to 1729.
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The Ghilzais (also known as Khiljis or Ghaljis) are one of two largest groups of Pashtuns, along with the Durrani tribe, found in Afghanistan with a large group also found in neighboring Pakistan.
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BCE Zayandeh River Civilization Sialk civilization 7500–1000 Jiroft civilization (Aratta) Proto-Elamite civilization Bactria-Margiana Complex Elamite dynasties 2800–550 Kingdom of Mannai Median Empire 728–550 Achaemenid Empire Seleucid Empire Greco-Bactrian
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George XI (Georgian: გიორგი XI, Giorgi XI; Persian: گرگین‌خان , Gurgin Khan or Gorgin Khan
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History of Afghanistan
Pre-Islamic Period • Islamic Conquest
  • Durrani Empire
  • British and Russian influence
  • Independence and civil war
  • Mohammedzai monarchy
  • Republic of Afghanistan

..... Click the link for more information.
8th century - 9th century - 10th century
850s  860s  870s  - 880s -  890s  900s  910s
885 886 887 - 888 - 889 890 891

:
Subjects:     Archaeology - Architecture -
..... Click the link for more information.
Mir Wais Khan Hotak (1673-1715) was an Afghan of ethnic Tatar[1] tribal chief of the Ghilzai clan from Kandahar, who founded the Hotaki dynasty that ruled Persia from 1722 to 1729.
..... Click the link for more information.
Mir Mahmud Hotaki (b. 1697? d. 1725) was the second ruler of the Hotaki dynasty. He was the young son and successor of Mirwais Khan Hotak from Kandahar, which is a city in southern Afghanistan.
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8th century - 9th century - 10th century
850s  860s  870s  - 880s -  890s  900s  910s
885 886 887 - 888 - 889 890 891

:
Subjects:     Archaeology - Architecture -
..... Click the link for more information.
BCE Zayandeh River Civilization Sialk civilization 7500–1000 Jiroft civilization (Aratta) Proto-Elamite civilization Bactria-Margiana Complex Elamite dynasties 2800–550 Kingdom of Mannai Median Empire 728–550 Achaemenid Empire Seleucid Empire Greco-Bactrian
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Isfahan
Naghsh-i Jahan Square, Isfahan.

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Mir Mahmud Hotaki (b. 1697? d. 1725) was the second ruler of the Hotaki dynasty. He was the young son and successor of Mirwais Khan Hotak from Kandahar, which is a city in southern Afghanistan.
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Iranian monarchy went through many transformations over the centuries, from the days of the Persian Empire to the establishment of modern day Iran.

The Shah was the hereditary ruler, though the title, when used by Westerners today, generally refers to Mohammad Reza Pahlavi,
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8th century - 9th century - 10th century
850s  860s  870s  - 880s -  890s  900s  910s
885 886 887 - 888 - 889 890 891

:
Subjects:     Archaeology - Architecture -
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Mir Mahmud Hotaki (b. 1697? d. 1725) was the second ruler of the Hotaki dynasty. He was the young son and successor of Mirwais Khan Hotak from Kandahar, which is a city in southern Afghanistan.
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Ashraf Khan (b.? - d.1729) was the last Hotaki ruler of Afghanistan and Persia. He was an ethnic Pashtun ("Afghan") from the Ghilzai tribe, who succeeded to the throne after the death of Mir Mahmud Hotaki in 1725.
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8th century - 9th century - 10th century
850s  860s  870s  - 880s -  890s  900s  910s
885 886 887 - 888 - 889 890 891

:
Subjects:     Archaeology - Architecture -
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Battle of Damghan was fought in September 1729, near the city of Damghan, between Persian rebels and the Hotaki army under Ashraf Khan. The Persians were led by Nāder Qoli Beg, and consisted of mainly Turkmen tribesmen of the northern Afshar,[1]
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BCE Zayandeh River Civilization Sialk civilization 7500–1000 Jiroft civilization (Aratta) Proto-Elamite civilization Bactria-Margiana Complex Elamite dynasties 2800–550 Kingdom of Mannai Median Empire 728–550 Achaemenid Empire Seleucid Empire Greco-Bactrian
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Nader Shah
King of Persia

Reign 1736–1747
Born August 6, 1698
Died June 19, 1747
Buried
Predecessor Abbas III
Successor Adil Shah Nāder Shāh Afshār (Persian:
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Ashraf Khan (b.? - d.1729) was the last Hotaki ruler of Afghanistan and Persia. He was an ethnic Pashtun ("Afghan") from the Ghilzai tribe, who succeeded to the throne after the death of Mir Mahmud Hotaki in 1725.
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8th century - 9th century - 10th century
850s  860s  870s  - 880s -  890s  900s  910s
885 886 887 - 888 - 889 890 891

:
Subjects:     Archaeology - Architecture -
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Nader Shah
King of Persia

Reign 1736–1747
Born August 6, 1698
Died June 19, 1747
Buried
Predecessor Abbas III
Successor Adil Shah Nāder Shāh Afshār (Persian:
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Ahmad Shah Durrani
Shah, Amir

Ahmad Shah Durrani
Reign 1747 - 1773
Coronation October, 1747
Full name Ahmad Khan Abdali
Titles Padshah of the Durrani Empire Bahadur,
Padshah-i-Ghazi,
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