Information about Tim Berners Lee
Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee, OM, KBE, FRS, FREng, FRSA (born 8 June 1955) is a British developer who with the help of Robert Cailliau invented the World Wide Web. Sir Timothy Berners-Lee is the director of the World Wide Web Consortium (which oversees its continued development), and a senior researcher and holder of the 3Com Founders Chair at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL).[1]
He is an alumnus of The Queen's College, Oxford at the University of Oxford where he played tiddlywinks for Oxford, against rival Cambridge. While at Queen's, Berners-Lee built a computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television. During his time at university, he was caught hacking with a friend and was subsequently banned from using the university computer. He graduated in 1976 with a degree in physics.
He met his first wife Jane while at Oxford and they married soon after they started work in Poole. After graduation, Berners-Lee was employed at Plessey Controls Limited in Poole as a programmer. Jane also worked at Plessey Telecommunications Limited in Poole. In 1978, he worked at D.G. Nash Limited (also in Poole) where he wrote typesetting software and an operating system.
While an independent contractor at CERN ( The World's largest particle physics laboratory based in Switzerland) from June to December 1980, Berners-Lee proposed a project based on the concept of hypertext, to facilitate sharing and updating information among researchers.[2] While there, he built a prototype system named ENQUIRE. After leaving CERN, in 1980, he went to work at John Poole's Image Computer Systems Ltd., he returned in 1984 as a fellow. In 1989, CERN was the largest Internet node in Europe, and Berners-Lee saw an opportunity to join hypertext with the Internet: "I just had to take the hypertext idea and connect it to the TCP and DNS ideas and — ta-da! — the World Wide Web."[3] He wrote his initial proposal in March of 1989, and in 1990, with the help of Robert Cailliau, produced a revision which was accepted by his manager, Mike Sendall. He used similar ideas to those underlying the Enquire system to create the World Wide Web, for which he designed and built the first web browser and editor (called WorldWideWeb and developed on NEXTSTEP) and the first Web server called httpd (short for HyperText Transfer Protocol daemon).
The first Web site built was at CERN[4][5][6][7] and was first put online on 6 August 1991. It provided an explanation about what the World Wide Web was, how one could own a browser and how to set up a Web server. It was also the world's first Web directory, since Berners-Lee maintained a list of other Web sites apart from his own.
In 1994, Berners-Lee founded the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It comprised various companies that were willing to create standards and recommendations to improve the quality of the Web. In December 2004 he accepted a chair in Computer Science at the School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK, to work on his new project — the Semantic Web.[8]
Berners-Lee made his idea available freely, with no patent and no royalties due. The World Wide Web Consortium decided that their standards must be based on royalty-free technology, so they can be easily adopted by anyone.[9]
He is now living in Lexington, Massachusetts (USA) with his wife Nancy and two children, Alice and Ben.
As for religion, he left the Church of England, a religion in which he had been brought up, as a teenager just after being "confirmed" because he could not "believe in all kinds of unbelievable things." He and his family eventually found a Unitarian Universalist church while they were living in Boston. He appreciates Unitarian Universalism and hence settled in it.[10]
He has become one of the leading voices in favour of Net Neutrality.[11]
Biography
Background and early career
Tim Berners-Lee was born in London, England, the son of Conway Berners-Lee and Mary Lee Woods. His parents, both mathematicians, were employed together on the team that built the Manchester Mark I, one of the earliest computers. They taught Berners-Lee to use mathematics everywhere, even at the dinner table. Berners-Lee attended Sheen Mount Primary School (which has dedicated a new hall in his honour) before moving on to study his O-Levels and A-Levels at Emanuel School in Wandsworth.He is an alumnus of The Queen's College, Oxford at the University of Oxford where he played tiddlywinks for Oxford, against rival Cambridge. While at Queen's, Berners-Lee built a computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television. During his time at university, he was caught hacking with a friend and was subsequently banned from using the university computer. He graduated in 1976 with a degree in physics.
He met his first wife Jane while at Oxford and they married soon after they started work in Poole. After graduation, Berners-Lee was employed at Plessey Controls Limited in Poole as a programmer. Jane also worked at Plessey Telecommunications Limited in Poole. In 1978, he worked at D.G. Nash Limited (also in Poole) where he wrote typesetting software and an operating system.
Inventing the World Wide Web
)
While an independent contractor at CERN ( The World's largest particle physics laboratory based in Switzerland) from June to December 1980, Berners-Lee proposed a project based on the concept of hypertext, to facilitate sharing and updating information among researchers.[2] While there, he built a prototype system named ENQUIRE. After leaving CERN, in 1980, he went to work at John Poole's Image Computer Systems Ltd., he returned in 1984 as a fellow. In 1989, CERN was the largest Internet node in Europe, and Berners-Lee saw an opportunity to join hypertext with the Internet: "I just had to take the hypertext idea and connect it to the TCP and DNS ideas and — ta-da! — the World Wide Web."[3] He wrote his initial proposal in March of 1989, and in 1990, with the help of Robert Cailliau, produced a revision which was accepted by his manager, Mike Sendall. He used similar ideas to those underlying the Enquire system to create the World Wide Web, for which he designed and built the first web browser and editor (called WorldWideWeb and developed on NEXTSTEP) and the first Web server called httpd (short for HyperText Transfer Protocol daemon).
The first Web site built was at CERN[4][5][6][7] and was first put online on 6 August 1991. It provided an explanation about what the World Wide Web was, how one could own a browser and how to set up a Web server. It was also the world's first Web directory, since Berners-Lee maintained a list of other Web sites apart from his own.
In 1994, Berners-Lee founded the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It comprised various companies that were willing to create standards and recommendations to improve the quality of the Web. In December 2004 he accepted a chair in Computer Science at the School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK, to work on his new project — the Semantic Web.[8]
Berners-Lee made his idea available freely, with no patent and no royalties due. The World Wide Web Consortium decided that their standards must be based on royalty-free technology, so they can be easily adopted by anyone.[9]
Current life
In 2001, he became a patron of the East Dorset Heritage Trust having previously lived in Colehill in Wimborne, East Dorset, England.He is now living in Lexington, Massachusetts (USA) with his wife Nancy and two children, Alice and Ben.
As for religion, he left the Church of England, a religion in which he had been brought up, as a teenager just after being "confirmed" because he could not "believe in all kinds of unbelievable things." He and his family eventually found a Unitarian Universalist church while they were living in Boston. He appreciates Unitarian Universalism and hence settled in it.[10]
He has become one of the leading voices in favour of Net Neutrality.[11]
Recognition
| Millennium Technology Prize laureate | |
| Tim Berners-Lee | |
) Millennium Technology Prize | |
| Year awarded: | 2004 |
|---|---|
| Invention: | World Wide Web |
| Prize presented by: | Tarja Halonen |
| Previous laureate: | First recipient, no previous laureates |
| Following laureate: | Shuji Nakamura |
- A Conference Room at AOL's central campus is named after Berners-Lee.
- The University of Southampton was the first to recognise Berners-Lee's contribution to developing the World Wide Web with an honorary degree in 1996 and he currently holds a Chair of Computer Science in the School of Electronics and Computer Science. He was the first holder of the 3Com Founders Chair at MIT, and is also now a Senior Research Scientist there. He is a Distinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society, an Honorary Fellow of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
- In 1997 he was made an Officer in the Order of the British Empire, became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2001, and received the Japan Prize in 2002. In 2002 he received the Principe de Asturias award in the category of Scientific and Technical Research. He shared the prize with Lawrence Roberts, Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf. Also in 2002, the British public named him among the 100 Greatest Britons of all time, according to a BBC poll spanning the entire history of the nation and he was awarded the Telluride Tech Festival Award of Technology in Telluride, Colorado.
- In May 2006 he was made an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts.
- On 15 April 2004 he was named as the first recipient of Finland's Millennium Technology Prize for inventing the World Wide Web. The cash prize, worth one million euros (about £663,000 or USD$1.2 million), was awarded on June 15, in Helsinki, Finland by President of the Republic of Finland, Tarja Halonen.[12]
- He was given the rank of Knight Commander (the second-highest rank in the Order of the British Empire) by Queen Elizabeth II as part of the New Year's Honours on 16 July 2004.[13][14]
- On July 21, 2004 he was presented with the degree of Doctor of Science (honoris causa) from Lancaster University.[15]
- On 27 January 2005 he was named Greatest Briton of 2004 for his achievements as well as displaying the key British characteristics of "diffidence, determination, a sharp sense of humour and adaptability" as put by David Hempleman-Adams, a panel member.[16] Time Magazine included Berners-Lee in its list of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century, published in 1999.
- On 8 January 2007 it was announced that he had won the 2007 Charles Stark Draper Prize. The prize includes a $500,000 award and is founded in honour of Charles Stark Draper.
- On 14 January 2007 he was inducted into the National Academy of Engineering
- On 13 June 2007 he received the Order of Merit, a personal gift from Queen Elizabeth II where ministerial advice is not required, becoming one of only 24 living members entitled to hold the award and use 'OM' after their name. [17]
Works
- Berners-Lee, Tim; Mark Fischetti (1999). Weaving the Web: Origins and Future of the World Wide Web. Britain: Orion Business. ISBN 0-7528-2090-7.
See also
References
- Tim Berners-Lee and the Development of the World Wide Web (Unlocking the Secrets of Science) Ann Gaines (Mitchell Lane Publishers, 2001) ISBN 1-58415-096-3
- Tim Berners-Lee: Inventor of the World Wide Web (Ferguson's Career Biographies) Melissa Stewart (Ferguson Publishing Company, 2001) ISBN 0-89434-367-X children's biography
- Weaving the Web Fischetti, Mark (Harper Collins Publishers,1999) ISBN 0-06-251586-1(cloth) ISBN 0-06-251587-X(paper)
- How the Web was Born: The Story of the World Wide Web Robert Cailliau, James Gillies, R. Cailliau (Oxford University Press, 2000) ISBN 0-19-286207-3
- Profile of Tim Berners-Lee – patron of East Dorset Heritage Trust
- School of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton
- Audio interview - 2005-11-19
- BBC2 Newsnight – Video interview clip of Berners-Lee on the read/write Web
- Technology Review interview
- Audio interview by Christopher Lydon
Footnotes
1. ^ Draper Prize.
2. ^ Berners-Lee's original proposal to CERN. World Wide Web Consortium (March 1989). Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
3. ^ Berners-Lee, Tim. w3.org Answers for Young People. World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
4. ^ Welcome to info.cern.ch, the website of the world's first-ever web server. CERN. Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
5. ^ World Wide Web — Archive of world's first website. World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
6. ^ World Wide Web — First mentioned on USENET. Google (1991-08-06). Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
7. ^ The original post to alt.hypertalk describing the WorldWideWeb Project. Google (1991-08-09). Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
8. ^ Tim Berners-Lee, World Wide Web inventor, to join ECS. World Wide Web Consortium (2004-12-02). Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
9. ^ Patent Policy - 5 February 2004. World Wide Web Consortium (2004-02-05). Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
10. ^ Berners-Lee, Timothy (1998). The World Wide Web and the "Web of Life". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
11. ^ Web Pioneer: No Internet Without Net Neutrality. Save the Internet Blog (2006-09-28). Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
12. ^ Millennium Technology Prize 2004 awarded to inventor of World Wide Web. Millennium Technology Prize. Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
13. ^ "Web's inventor gets a knighthood", BBC, 2003-12-31. Retrieved on 2006-12-22.BBC&rft.date=2003-12-31">
14. ^ "Creator of the web turns knight", BBC, 2004-07-16. Retrieved on 2006-12-22.BBC&rft.date=2004-07-16">
15. ^ Lancaster University Honorary Degrees, July 2004. Lancaster University. Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
16. ^ "Three loud cheers for the father of the web", The Telegraph, 2005-01-28. Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
17. ^ Web inventor gets Queen's honour BBC News
2. ^ Berners-Lee's original proposal to CERN. World Wide Web Consortium (March 1989). Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
3. ^ Berners-Lee, Tim. w3.org Answers for Young People. World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
4. ^ Welcome to info.cern.ch, the website of the world's first-ever web server. CERN. Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
5. ^ World Wide Web — Archive of world's first website. World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
6. ^ World Wide Web — First mentioned on USENET. Google (1991-08-06). Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
7. ^ The original post to alt.hypertalk describing the WorldWideWeb Project. Google (1991-08-09). Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
8. ^ Tim Berners-Lee, World Wide Web inventor, to join ECS. World Wide Web Consortium (2004-12-02). Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
9. ^ Patent Policy - 5 February 2004. World Wide Web Consortium (2004-02-05). Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
10. ^ Berners-Lee, Timothy (1998). The World Wide Web and the "Web of Life". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
11. ^ Web Pioneer: No Internet Without Net Neutrality. Save the Internet Blog (2006-09-28). Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
12. ^ Millennium Technology Prize 2004 awarded to inventor of World Wide Web. Millennium Technology Prize. Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
13. ^ "Web's inventor gets a knighthood", BBC, 2003-12-31. Retrieved on 2006-12-22.BBC&rft.date=2003-12-31">
14. ^ "Creator of the web turns knight", BBC, 2004-07-16. Retrieved on 2006-12-22.BBC&rft.date=2004-07-16">
15. ^ Lancaster University Honorary Degrees, July 2004. Lancaster University. Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
16. ^ "Three loud cheers for the father of the web", The Telegraph, 2005-01-28. Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
17. ^ Web inventor gets Queen's honour BBC News
External links
- Berners-Lee's home page
- Berners-Lee's blog
- Berners-Lee's page on LinkedIn
- Berners-Lee's book Weaving The Web which details his views on the history and future of the Web.
- His High-School Picture
- An earlier post to comp.archives concerning the WorldWideWeb
- Tim Berners-Lee at the Notable Names Database
- Berners-Lee talk entited "The Future Of The Web" given at the Oxford internet institute High resolution MP4 Low Resolution MP4 Slides for the talk
- Video Interview with Tim Berners-Lee on Semantic Web at ISWC 2006 conference
- Tim Berners-Lee considers new TLD's harmful
- Tim Berners-Lee on the Future of the Web at Princeton -- April 2006
- Annotated version of Tim Berners-Lee on the Future of the Web
- developerWorks Interviews: Tim Berners-Lee (podcast/audio plus transcript)
- Real interaction between Tim and students that answer important www questions The VisionQuest Series: Meet the Man Who Spun the Web - Tim Berners-Lee (video - click watch the webcast) -- Nov 2000
- The father of the web is wrong to worry about his offspring Article on Sir Tim Berners-Lee's concerns about the World Wide Web
- Sir Timothy Berners-Lee KBE,FRS,FREng.Longer Biography
- Tim Berners-Lee list of scientific publications (1992-2006)
- Q&A with Tim Berners-Lee Business Week April 2007
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Berners-Lee, Tim |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Berners-Lee, Sir Timothy; Berners-Lee, Timothy, TimBL, TBL |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | inventor of World Wide Web |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 8, 1955 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | London, United Kingdom |
| DATE OF DEATH | |
| PLACE OF DEATH | |
Order of Merit is a British and Commonwealth Order bestowed by the Monarch. It was established in 1902 by King Edward VII (based on the Prussian Pour le Mérite) as a reward for distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or for the promotion of
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The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Order includes five classes in civil and military divisions; in decreasing order of seniority, these are:
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- Knight Grand Cross or
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Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as The Royal Society, is a learned society for science that was founded in 1660 and claims to be the oldest such society still in existence.
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The Royal Academy of Engineering is a British learned society concerned with engineering.
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History
Founded in 1976, the Academy was initially known as the Fellowship of Engineering...... Click the link for more information.
Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (RSA) is a British multi-disciplinary institution, based in London. The name Royal Society of Arts
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June 8 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.
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Events
- 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba.
- 536 - St.
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1920s 1930s 1940s - 1950s - 1960s 1970s 1980s
1952 1953 1954 - 1955 - 1956 1957 1958
Year 1955 (MCMLV
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1920s 1930s 1940s - 1950s - 1960s 1970s 1980s
1952 1953 1954 - 1955 - 1956 1957 1958
Year 1955 (MCMLV
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Robert Cailliau (b. 26 January 1947) together with Sir Tim Berners-Lee developed the World Wide Web.
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Biography
Cailliau was born in Tongeren, Belgium. In 1958 he moved with his parents to Antwerp...... Click the link for more information.
An inventor is a person who creates or discovers new methods, means, or devices for performing a task. The word "inventor" comes form the latin verb invenire, invent-, to find.
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World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked, hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, a user views web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigates between them using hyperlinks.
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World Wide Web Consortium
Consortium
Founded October 1994
Founder Tim Berners-Lee
Headquarters MIT/CSAIL in USA
ERCIM in France
Keio University in Japan
and many other offices around the world
Website www.w3.
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Consortium
Founded October 1994
Founder Tim Berners-Lee
Headquarters MIT/CSAIL in USA
ERCIM in France
Keio University in Japan
and many other offices around the world
Website www.w3.
..... Click the link for more information.
3Com Corporation
Public NASDAQ: COMS
Founded 1979
Headquarters Marlborough, Massachusetts, United States
Key people Edgar Masri, Pres. & CEO
Eric A. Benhamou, Chairman
Donald Halstead, III, CFO & Exec.
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Public NASDAQ: COMS
Founded 1979
Headquarters Marlborough, Massachusetts, United States
Key people Edgar Masri, Pres. & CEO
Eric A. Benhamou, Chairman
Donald Halstead, III, CFO & Exec.
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MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, or CSAIL, is an interdisciplinary research laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's, formed on July 1, 2003 by the merger of MIT Laboratory for Computer Science and MIT Artificial Intelligence
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London
Canary Wharf is the centre of London's modern office towers
London shown within England
Coordinates:
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Constituent country England
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Canary Wharf is the centre of London's modern office towers
London shown within England
Coordinates:
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Constituent country England
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Motto
Dieu et mon droit (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
No official anthem specific to England — the anthem of the United Kingdom is "God Save the Queen".
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Dieu et mon droit (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
No official anthem specific to England — the anthem of the United Kingdom is "God Save the Queen".
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Conway Berners-Lee (born 1921) is an English mathematician who worked in the team that developed the Manchester Mark I computer at the University of Manchester, England. He went on the work for Ferranti, ICT and ICL.
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Mary Lee Woods is a British mathematician who worked in the team that developed the Manchester Mark I computer at the University of Manchester, England. She is married to Conway Berners-Lee, also in the team.
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Manchester Mark I was one of the earliest electronic computers, built at the University of Manchester in England, in 1949. It was also called Manchester Automatic Digital Machine, or MADM. It was developed from the Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM) or "Baby".
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Emanuel School
Motto Pour Bien Desirer
(French: The Noble Aim)
Established 1594
Type HMC Public School
Religious affiliation Anglican
Headmaster M D Hanley-Browne, MA
Second Master
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Motto Pour Bien Desirer
(French: The Noble Aim)
Established 1594
Type HMC Public School
Religious affiliation Anglican
Headmaster M D Hanley-Browne, MA
Second Master
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Wandsworth
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alumnus (pl. alumni) according to the American Heritage Dictionary is "a male graduate or former student of a school, college, or university." [1] In addition, an alumna (pl.
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The Queen's College, founded 1341, is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. Queen's is centrally situated on the High Street, and is renowned for its eighteenth-century architecture.
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University of Oxford (usually abbreviated as Oxon. for post-nominals, from "Oxoniensis"), located in the city of Oxford, England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world.
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Tiddlywinks is an indoor game played with sets of small discs called "winks" lying on a surface, usually a flat mat. Players use a larger disc called a "squidger" to pop a wink into flight by pressing down on one side of the wink.
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computer is a machine which manipulates data according to a list of instructions.
Computers take numerous physical forms. The first devices that resemble modern computers date to the mid-20th century (around 1940 - 1941), although the computer concept and various machines
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Computers take numerous physical forms. The first devices that resemble modern computers date to the mid-20th century (around 1940 - 1941), although the computer concept and various machines
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soldering iron is a device for applying heat to melt solder for attaching two metal parts.
A soldering iron is composed of a heated metal tip and an insulated handle.
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A soldering iron is composed of a heated metal tip and an insulated handle.
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A logic gate performs a logical operation on one or more logic inputs and produces a single logic output. The logic normally performed is Boolean logic and is most commonly found in digital circuits.
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The 6800 is a microprocessor produced by Motorola and released shortly after the Intel 8080 in 1975. It had 78 instructions, including the (in)famous, undocumented Halt and Catch Fire (HCF) bus test instruction.
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The Plessey Company plc was a British-based international electronics, defence and telecommunications company.
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Early history
The Plessey company was founded in 1917 in Marylebone, central London. The original shareholders were Thomas Hurst Hodgson, C.H...... Click the link for more information.
Poole is a large English coastal town, Borough, port and tourist destination, situated on the shores of the English Channel, in the ceremonial county of Dorset. The town has a population of 141,128 and is part of the South East Dorset conurbation.
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