Thirteen Colonies

Information about Thirteen Colonies

In 1775, the British claimed authority over the red and pink areas on this map and Spain ruled the orange. The red area is the area of the 13 colonies open to settlement after the Proclamation of 1763.

The Thirteen Colonies were British colonies in North America founded between 1607 (Virginia), and 1733 (Georgia). Although Great Britain held several other colonies in North America and the West Indies, the colonies referred to as the "thirteen" are those that began a rebellion against British rule in 1775 and proclaimed their independence on July 4, 1776. They subsequently constituted the first thirteen states of the United States of America.

The Colonies

Contemporaneous documents usually listed the colonies of British North America in geographical order, from north to south.

New England
Province of New Hampshire, later New Hampshire
Province of Massachusetts Bay, later Massachusetts and Maine
Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, later Rhode Island
Connecticut Colony, later Connecticut.
Middle Colonies
Province of New York, later named to New York and Vermont^[1]
Province of New Jersey, later New Jersey
Province of Pennsylvania, later Pennsylvania
Delaware Colony (before 1776, the Lower Counties on Delaware), later Delaware
Southern Colonies (depending on the subject under discussion, Virginia and Maryland may be separated as the Chesapeake Colonies)
Province of Maryland, later Maryland
Colony and Dominion of Virginia, later Virginia, Kentucky and West Virginia
Province of North Carolina, later North Carolina and Tennessee
Province of South Carolina, later South Carolina
Province of Georgia, later Georgia

Other divisions prior to 1730

North American colonies 1763-76

Dominion of New England: Created by King James II with the consolidation of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth Colony, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, East Jersey, and West Jersey into a single larger colony in 1685. The experiment was discontinued with the Glorious Revolution of 1688-89, and the nine former colonies re-established their separate identities in 1689. ; Province of Maine : Settled in 1622. (An earlier attempt to settle the Popham Colony on Sagadahoc Island, Maine in 1607 was abandoned after only one year.) Massachusetts Bay colony encroached into Maine during the English Civil War, but, with the Restoration, autonomy was returned to Maine in 1664. Maine was officially merged into Massachusetts Bay Colony with the issuance of the Massachusetts Bay charter of 1691. ; Plymouth Colony : Settled in 1620 by the Pilgrims. Plymouth was absorbed by Massachusetts Bay Colony with the issuance of the Massachusetts Bay charter of 1691. ; New Haven : Settled in late 1637. New Haven was absorbed by Connecticut Colony with the issuance of the Connecticut Charter in 1662, partly as royal punishment by King Charles II for harboring the regicide judges who sentenced King Charles I to death. ; East and West Jersey : New Jersey was divided into two separate colonies in 1674. The Jerseys were reunited in 1702. ; Province of Carolina : Founded in 1663. Carolina colony was divided into North Carolina and South Carolina in 1712. Both colonies became royal colonies in 1729.

Notes

1. ^ The present State of Vermont was disputed between the colonies of New York and New Hampshire. From 1777 to 1791, it existed as the de facto independent Vermont Republic.

References

Cooke, Jacob Ernest et al., ed. Encyclopedia of the North American Colonies. Scribner's, 1993. 3 vol; 2397 pp.
Gipson, Lawrence. The British Empire Before the American Revolution (15 volumes) (1936-1970), Pulitzer Prize; highly detailed discussion of every British colony in the New World
Greene, Evarts Boutelle. Provincial America, 1690-1740. 1905. online
Osgood, Herbert L. The American Colonies in the Seventeenth Century. 4 vol Columbia University Press, 1904-07. online
Vickers, Daniel, ed. A Companion to Colonial America. Blackwell, 2003. 576 pp.

• • [ e] The Thirteen Colonies of Colonial America
Connecticut Colony Delaware Colony Province of Georgia Province of Maryland Province of Massachusetts Bay Province of New Hampshire Province of New York Province of New Jersey Province of North Carolina Province of Pennsylvania Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations Province of South Carolina Colony and Dominion of Virginia

• • [ e] Growth of the Continental United States
Concept: Manifest Destiny
Thirteen Colonies (1776) Treaty of Paris (1783) Louisiana Purchase (1803) Red River Cession (1818) Purchase of Florida (1819) Texas Annexation (1845) Oregon Country Cession (1846) Mexican Cession (1848) Gadsden Purchase (1853)

British Empire was the largest empire in history and for a substantial time was the foremost global power. It was a product of the European age of discovery, which began with the maritime explorations of the 15th century, that sparked the era of the European colonial empires.
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North America is a continent ^[1] in the Earth's northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the east by the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southeast by the Caribbean Sea, and on the south and west
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The Colony of Virginia (also known frequently as the Virginia Colony and occasionally as the Dominion and Colony of Virginia) was the English colony in North America that existed briefly during the 16th century, and then continuously from 1607 until the American
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The Province of Georgia (also Georgia Colony) was one of the Southern colonies in British North America. It was the last of the Thirteen original colonies established by Great Britain in what later became the United States.
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Caribbean (Dutch: Cariben or Caraïben, or more commonly Antillen; French: Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Spanish: Caribe
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Independence Day (commonly known as the Fourth of July) is a federal holiday commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, declaring independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain.
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United States of America

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Federal government
Constitution
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Motto
"In God We Trust" (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum" ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
Anthem
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''See also British colonization of the Americas for an overview.

British North America consisted of the loyalist colonies and territories (i.e., post-1783) of the British Empire in continental North America in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
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New England

Political history
Chartering as Plymouth Council for New England 1620
Formation as United Colonies of New England 1643
Formation as Dominion of New England 1686
Admission to U.S.
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The New Hampshire Colony, located in the present day state of New Hampshire, was the product of several English land grants dating from 1623 to 1680. One land grant was given to Captain John Mason in 1623.
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State of New Hampshire

Flag of New Hampshire Seal
Nickname(s): The Granite State
Motto(s): Live Free or Die

Official language(s) English

Capital Concord
Largest city Manchester
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The Province of Massachusetts Bay was a crown colony organized October 7, 1691 in North America by William and Mary, the joint monarchs of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland.
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Commonwealth of Massachusetts

Flag of Massachusetts Seal
''Nickname(s): Bay State State Bird = Black-capped Chickadee''
''Motto(s): Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem (Latin: By the sword she seeks peace under liberty)''

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State of Maine

Flag of Maine Seal
Nickname(s): The Pine Tree State
Motto(s): Dirigo

Official language(s) None
(English and French de facto)

Capital Augusta
Largest city Portland
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Providence Plantation was founded in 1636 by Roger Williams, a Baptist minister fleeing from religious persecution in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He was joined there by Anne Hutchinson after her banishment. Other settlements in Portsmouth, Newport, and Warwick quickly followed.
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State of Rhode Island
and Providence Plantations

Flag of Rhode Island Seal
Nickname(s): The Ocean State, Little Rhody
Motto(s): Hope

Official language(s) English

Capital Providence

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Connecticut Colony was an English colony that became the U.S. state of Connecticut. Originally known as the River Colony, the colony was organized on March 3, 1636 as a haven for Puritan noblemen.
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State of Connecticut

Flag of Connecticut Seal of Connecticut
Nickname(s): The Constitution State, The Nutmeg State^[]
Motto(s): Qui transtulit sustinet^[0]
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Middle Colonies were a part of the original Thirteen Colonies that would later become The United States of America. The region was originally called New Netherlands, which was later renamed to the Middle Colonies.
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The Province of New York (Dutch: Provincie Nieuw-Nederland or Provincie New York) was a British colony that existed roughly where the U.S. state of New York does now.
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State of New York

Flag of New York Seal
Nickname(s): The Empire State
Motto(s): Excelsior!

Official language(s) None

Capital Albany
Largest city New York City

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State of Vermont

Flag of Vermont Great Seal of Vermont
Nickname(s): The Green Mountain State
Motto(s): Freedom and Unity
Before Statehood Known as
The Vermont Republic

Official language(s)
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The Province of New Jersey was an English colony that existed within the boundaries of the current U.S. state of New Jersey prior to the American Revolution. The original boundaries of the province were slightly larger than the current state and extended into portions of the
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State of New Jersey

Flag of New Jersey Seal
Nickname(s): Garden State^[1]
Motto(s): Liberty and prosperity

Official language(s) English de facto

Capital Trenton

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The Province of Pennsylvania, better known to Americans as Pennsylvania Colony, was a North American colony granted to William Penn on March 4th, 1681 by King Charles II of England.
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Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

Flag of Pennsylvania Seal
Nickname(s): Keystone State, Quaker State,
Coal State, Oil State
Motto(s): Virtue, Liberty and Independence

Capital Harrisburg
Largest city
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Delaware Colony was an English colony in North America.

Settlement

From the early Dutch settlement in 1631 to the colony’s rule by Pennsylvania in 1682, the land changed hands many times.
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State of Delaware

Flag of Delaware Seal
Nickname(s): The First State, The Small Wonder, Blue Hen State
Motto(s): Liberty and Independence

Capital Dover
Largest city Wilmington

Area
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