Information about Third Camp
| Part of the Politics series on the Third Camp |
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Marxism Leninism Trotskyism Bureaucratic collectivism State capitalism Joseph Carter Hal Draper Michael Harrington Irving Howe Julius Jacobson Sean Matgamna Maryam Namazie Max Shachtman International Socialists Left WP Iraq New Politics WP Iran Workers' Liberty Workers' Party |
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The third camp, also known as third camp socialism or third camp Trotskyism, is a branch of socialism which aims to support neither capitalism nor Stalinism, by supporting the organised working class as a "third camp".
Leon Trotsky described the Soviet Union as a degenerated workers' state which should be defended against capitalism, while supporting anti-bureaucratic political revolution against Stalinism. Third campists typically disagree with his analysis of the Soviet Union and claim that their position of favouring neither "camp" is in the spirit of Trotsky, although not his conclusions.
This approach was developed by Max Shachtman and is one of the major components of left Shachtmanism. It underpins his theory of bureaucratic collectivism. Analyising the USSR's invasion of Finland in 1940, Shachtman concluded that the USSR's policy was one of imperialism and that it was a reactionary war in which the best result for the international working class would be the defeat of the USSR. Conversely, Trotsky argued that a defeat for the USSR would strengthen capitalism and reduce the possibilities for political revolution.[1]
The Congress Socialist Party of India also adopted a Third Camp position, with the slogan “We want neither the rule of London or Berlin; nor the rule of Paris or Rome; nor that of Tokyo or Moscow.” (September 1939).[2]
Shachtman's support for defeat of official Communist nations' expansionism (the second camp) drifted rightward into support for the capitalist nations (the first camp). This position has led mainstream Trotskyist groups to declare the position reactionary. However, some supporters of the third camp split with Shachtman and continued to develop their analyses of the changing world situation.
While Tony Cliff, founder of the British SWP later became a bitter critic of Shachtman, Cliff's organisation initially cooperated with Shachtman and sold his tendency's magazine. They adopted similar positions including neutrality during the Korean War and its slogan "Neither Washington nor Moscow but International Socialism", which has led some outside the party to describe them as having held a third camp position. However, Cliff's supporters point out that this slogan has a broadly Trotskyist heritage, rather than a specifically third campist one: the manifesto of the Fourth International's world congress in 1948 was titled "Against Wall Street and the Kremlin".
A third camp position is held today by the Workers Liberty groups[3], New Politics[4], and by some in the multi-tendency Marxist organization Solidarity in the United States, as well as some in the Democratic Socialists of America and the Socialist Party USA. The Worker-Communist Parties of Iran and Iraq, which do not come from a Trotskyist background, also hold a third camp position.[1]
Other uses of the term
More recently, a movement has emerged calling for a "Third camp against US militarism and Islamic terrorism"[2], mainly an initiative of Iranian leftists, such as Maryam Namazie.References
1. ^ A series of articles and letters from Trotsky's debates with Shachtman was published posthumously under the title "In Defense of Marxism."
2. ^ Sherman Stanley "India and the Third Camp" (April 1940)
3. ^ Workers’ Liberty and the “Third Camp”
4. ^ Alan Johnson "The Third Camp as History And a Living Legacy"
2. ^ Sherman Stanley "India and the Third Camp" (April 1940)
3. ^ Workers’ Liberty and the “Third Camp”
4. ^ Alan Johnson "The Third Camp as History And a Living Legacy"
External links
| Part of the Politics series on Trotskyism ) |
Leon Trotsky){kind=logo} |
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Fourth International |
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Marxism Leninism Russian Revolution James P. Cannon Tony Cliff Pierre Frank Ted Grant Joseph Hansen Gerry Healy C. L. R. James Pierre Lambert Livio Maitan Ernest Mandel Nahuel Moreno Max Shachtman CWI FI(ICR) ICFI IMT IST IWL reunified FI Orthodox Trotskyism Third camp |
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- Max Shachtman, The Soviet Union and the World War
- Leon Trotsky, Balance Sheet of the Finnish Events
- Pierre Frank, Under Pressure of the Coming War, Imperialism Beckons “Third Camp”
- Tony Cliff, Marxism and the theory of bureaucratic collectivism
See also
- Centrism
- Anti-Stalinist left
- Third Way (A social-democratic theory, popularly supposed to have been a significant influence on Tony Blair - it has no political connection with Third Camp Socialism).
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Marxism is both the theory and the political practice (that is, the praxis) derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Any political practice or theory that is based on an interpretation of the works of Marx and Engels may be called Marxism; this includes
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Communism
Basic concepts
Marxist philosophy
Class struggle
Proletarian internationalism
Communist party
Ideologies
Marxism Leninism Maoism
Trotskyism Juche
Left Council
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Basic concepts
Marxist philosophy
Class struggle
Proletarian internationalism
Communist party
Ideologies
Marxism Leninism Maoism
Trotskyism Juche
Left Council
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Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky. Trotsky considered himself an orthodox Marxist and Bolshevik-Leninist, arguing for the establishment of a vanguard party.
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Bureaucratic collectivism is a theory of class society. It is used by some Trotskyists to describe the nature of the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin, and other similar states in Central and Eastern Europe and elsewhere (such as China
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State capitalism, in its classic meaning, is a private capitalist economy under state control. This term was often used to describe the controlled economies of the great powers in the First World War.
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Joseph Carter (1910-1970) was the pseudonym of Joseph Friedman, a founding member of the American Trotskyist movement.
Friedman joined the youth section of the US Socialist Party in 1924, and that of the Communist Party in 1928.
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Friedman joined the youth section of the US Socialist Party in 1924, and that of the Communist Party in 1928.
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Hal Draper (1914-1990) was a Third Camp American socialist activist, Marxist and author, perhaps best known for his role in the Berkeley, California Free Speech Movement. His brother, Theodore Draper, is best known for his studies of the Communist Party of the United States of
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Edward Michael Harrington (February 24, 1928 – July 31, 1989) was an American democratic socialist, writer, and political activist.
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Early life
Harrington was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He attended St...... Click the link for more information.
Irving Howe (June 11, 1920 – May 5, 1993), was American literary and social critic. He was born as Irving Horenstein in New York, as a son of immigrants who ran a small grocery store that went out of business during the
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Julius Jacobson (1922 - March 8 2003) was an American Third camp socialist activist, Marxist, Left-Shachtmanite, author, and founder of the independent Left journal New Politics.
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Sean Matgamna, also known as John O'Mahony is a Trotskyist theorist. He was born in 1942 in County Clare in the Republic of Ireland.
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Maryam Namazie is a Communist activist of Iranian descent. She is mainly known for her activities for women's rights, asylum seeker's rights, gay rights and for her fight against the Islamic republic and political Islam internationally.
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Max Shachtman (September 10 1904 - November 4, 1972) was an American Marxist theorist. During his lifetime, he evolved from being a Leninist associate of Leon Trotsky to an anti-Soviet social democrat.
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The International Socialists were a Trotskyist group in the United States. They were founded as the Independent Socialist Club
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Iraq
This article is part of the series:
Politics of Iraq
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This article is part of the series:
Politics of Iraq
- Constitution
- Presidency Council
- President (Jalal Talabani)
- Council of Ministers
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New Politics is an independent socialist journal. It was founded by Phyllis and Julius Jacobson in 1961. While publishing authors from a variety of leftist positions, the publication leans strongly toward a Third Camp, democratic
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Iran
This article is part of the series:
Politics of Iran
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This article is part of the series:
Politics of Iran
- Constitution
- Supreme Leader
- Ali Khamenei
- President
- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
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Alliance for Workers' Liberty
Leader Cathy Nugent
Founded 1966 / 1993
Headquarters London
Political Ideology Third Camp socialism
Political Position Far left
International Affiliation See text
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Leader Cathy Nugent
Founded 1966 / 1993
Headquarters London
Political Ideology Third Camp socialism
Political Position Far left
International Affiliation See text
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The Workers Party (WP) was a Third Camp Trotskyist group in the United States. It was founded in April 1940 by members of the Socialist Workers Party who opposed the Soviet invasion of Finland.
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Socialism
Currents
Communism
Democratic socialism
Eco-socialism
Guild socialism
Libertarian socialism
Market socialism
Revolutionary socialism
Social democracy
Utopian socialism
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Currents
Communism
Democratic socialism
Eco-socialism
Guild socialism
Libertarian socialism
Market socialism
Revolutionary socialism
Social democracy
Utopian socialism
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Economic systems
Ideologies and Theories
Primitive communism
Capitalist economy
Corporate economy
Fascist economy
Laissez-faire
Mercantilism
Natural economy
Social market economy
Socialist economy
Communist economy
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Ideologies and Theories
Primitive communism
Capitalist economy
Corporate economy
Fascist economy
Laissez-faire
Mercantilism
Natural economy
Social market economy
Socialist economy
Communist economy
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Communism
Basic concepts
Marxist philosophy
Class struggle
Proletarian internationalism
Communist party
Ideologies
Marxism Leninism Maoism
Trotskyism Juche
Left Council
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Basic concepts
Marxist philosophy
Class struggle
Proletarian internationalism
Communist party
Ideologies
Marxism Leninism Maoism
Trotskyism Juche
Left Council
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Working class is a term used in academic sociology and in ordinary conversation.
In common with other terms relevant to social class, it is defined and used in many different ways, depending on context and speaker.
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In common with other terms relevant to social class, it is defined and used in many different ways, depending on context and speaker.
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Leon Trotsky (Russian: Лeв Давидович Трรณцкий ,
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Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (abbreviated USSR, Russian: (help info ) ; tr.
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In Trotskyist political theory the term degenerated workers' state has been used since the 1930s to describe the state of the Soviet Union after Stalin's consolidation of power in or about 1924.
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A political revolution, in the Trotskyist theory, is an upheaval in which the government is replaced, or the form of government altered, but in which property relations are predominantly left intact.
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Max Shachtman (September 10 1904 - November 4, 1972) was an American Marxist theorist. During his lifetime, he evolved from being a Leninist associate of Leon Trotsky to an anti-Soviet social democrat.
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Shachtmanism is a critical term applied to the form of Marxism associated with Max Shachtman. It has two major components: a bureaucratic collectivist analysis of the Soviet Union and a third camp approach to world politics.
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