Information about Thin Film Transistor
This article is about TFT technology. For TFT LCD, see TFT LCD.
A thin film transistor (TFT) is a special kind of field effect transistor made by depositing thin films for the metallic contacts, semiconductor active layer, and dielectric layer.
The channel region of a TFT is a thin film that is deposited onto a substrate (often glass, since the primary application of TFTs is in liquid crystal displays).
Most TFTs are not transparent themselves, since many of them are based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), which bandgap is assumed to be less than that of crystalline silicon (1.12eV). However, because indium tin oxide (ITO) are usually employed for the electrodes, terminals and interconnections are often transparent.
Because the substrate cannot stand for the high annealing temperature, the deposition process has to be completed under relatively low temperature. Chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition (usually sputtering) are applied. Also the first solution processed transparent TFTs (TTFTs), based on zinc oxide were reported in 2003 by researchers at Oregon State University.[1]
The best known application of thin-film transistors is in TFT LCDs, a variant of LCD technology. Transistors are embedded within the panel itself, reducing crosstalk between pixels and improving image stability. As of 2004, all but the cheapest color LCD screens use this technology. TFT panels are heavily used in digital radiography applications including Mammography and General Radiography.
The new AMOLED (Active-Matrix OLED) screens also contain a TFT layer.
See also
References
1. ^ Wager, John. OSU Engineers Create World's First Transparent Transistor. College of Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR: OSU News & Communication, 2003. 29 July 2007.
thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) is a variant of liquid crystal display (LCD) which uses thin film transistor (TFT) technology to improve image quality. TFT LCD is one type of active matrix LCD, though it is usually synonymous with LCD.
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The field-effect transistor (FET) is a type of transistor that relies on an electric field to control the shape and hence the conductivity of a 'channel' in a semiconductor material.
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A semiconductor is a solid that has electrical conductivity in between that of a conductor and that of an insulator, and can be controlled over a wide range, either permanently or dynamically.[1] Semiconductors are tremendously important in technology.
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A dielectric is a physical model commonly used to describe how an electric field behaves inside a material. It is characterised by how an electric field interacts with an atom. It is possible to approach dielectrics from either a classical interpretation or a quantum one.
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Glass is a noncrystalline material that can maintain indefinitely, if left undisturbed, its overall form and amorphous microstructure at a temperature below its glass transition temperature.
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liquid crystal display (commonly abbreviated LCD) is a thin, flat display device made up of any number of color or monochrome pixels arrayed in front of a light source or reflector.
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Amorphous silicon (a-Si) is the non-crystalline allotropic form of silicon. Silicon is a four-fold coordinated atom that is normally tetrahedrally bonded to four neighboring silicon atoms.
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In solid state physics and related applied fields, the band gap, also called an energy gap or stop band, is a region where a particle or quasiparticle is forbidden from propagating.
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Physical Properties
State of matter Solid
Melting point 1800-2200 K (2800-3500 °F)
Density 7120-7160 kg/m3 at 293 K
Color (in powder form) Pale yellow to greenish yellow, depending on SnO2 concentration
Values vary with composition.
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State of matter Solid
Melting point 1800-2200 K (2800-3500 °F)
Density 7120-7160 kg/m3 at 293 K
Color (in powder form) Pale yellow to greenish yellow, depending on SnO2 concentration
Values vary with composition.
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Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a chemical process used to produce high-purity, high-performance solid materials. The process is often used in the semiconductor industry to produce thin films.
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Sputtering is a physical vapor deposition, PVD process whereby atoms in a solid target material are ejected into the gas phase due to bombardment of the material by energetic ions. It is commonly used for thin-film deposition, as well as analytical techniques (see below).
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Zinc oxide is a chemical compound with the formula ZnO. It is nearly insoluble in water but soluble in acids and alkalis. It occurs as white hexagonal crystals or a white powder commonly known as zinc white.
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Oregon State University (OSU) is a four-year research and degree-granting public university, located in Corvallis, Oregon (USA). There are over 200 academic degree programs offered through the university, with engineering, environmental sciences, forestry, oceanography and
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thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) is a variant of liquid crystal display (LCD) which uses thin film transistor (TFT) technology to improve image quality. TFT LCD is one type of active matrix LCD, though it is usually synonymous with LCD.
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liquid crystal display (commonly abbreviated LCD) is a thin, flat display device made up of any number of color or monochrome pixels arrayed in front of a light source or reflector.
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pixel (short for picture element, using the common abbreviation "pix" for "pictures") is a single point in a graphic image. Each such information element is not really a dot, nor a square, but an abstract sample.
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An organic light-emitting diode (OLED), also Light Emitting Polymer (LEP) and Organic Electro-Luminescence (OEL), is any light-emitting diode (LED) whose emissive electroluminescent layer is comprised of a film of organic compounds.
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Liquid crystal display television (LCD TV) is television that uses LCD technology for its visual output. The technology used is generally TFT. In the early 2000s, LCD flat-panels captured a large part of the computer monitor market from traditional CRTs.
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