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Information about Theodotion

Theodotion (d. ca. 200 A.D.) was a Hellenistic Jewish scholar[1], perhaps working in Ephesus [2], who translated the Hebrew Bible into Greek. Whether he was revising the Septuagint, or was working from Hebrew manuscripts that represented a parallel tradition that has not survived, is debated. His finished version, which filled some lacunae in the Septuagint version of the Book of Jeremiah and Book of Job, formed one column in Origen's Hexapla. (The Hexapla presented six Hebrew and Greek texts side-by-side: two Greek versions, by Aquila of Sinope and Symmachus, preceding the Septuagint, and Theodotian's version following it, apparently reflecting a contemporary understanding of their historical sequence.)

Theodotion's translation was so widely copied in the Early Christian church that it virtually superseded the Septuagint Book of Daniel [3]. Jerome (in his preface to Daniel) records the rejection of the Septuagint version in Christian usage, asserting that its translation was very faulty. In the second century Theodotion's text was quoted in the Shepherd of Hermas and in the Christian apologist Justin Martyr's Trypho.

His caution in transliterating Hebrew words for plants, animals, vestments and ritual regalia, and words of uncertain meaning, rather than adopting a Greek rendering, gave him a probably undeserved reputation of being "unlearned" among more confident post-Renaissance editors, such as Bernard de Montfaucon.

See also

Notes

1. ^ The only contemporary reference to him is that of Irenaeus (Adversus Haereses, III.xxi.1), who ranks him with Aquila of Pontus, another translator, as "Jewish proselytes" in the course of taking exception to their rendering of the "virgin" prophesied in Isaiah vii. 14 as "damsel", "following whom the Ebionites pretend that he was begotten of Joseph."
2. ^ "Theodotian of Ephesus" in Irenaeus
3. ^ The LXX Daniel survived in only a few mss., including the Chigi codex Codex Chisianus, and Papyrus 967.

References

  • Jewish Encyclopedia: "Theodotion" Details of Theodotion's insertions.
  • Moses Gaster, 1894. The Unknown Aramaic Original of Theodotion's Additions to Daniel in Proceedings of the Society for Biblical Archaeology Vol. xvi. Demonstrating that the existing Aramaic text is itself an adaptation from the Greek of Theodotion, not its original.
  • Emil Schürer in Herzog-Hauck, Real-Encyclopädie für protestantische Theologie i. 639 (1909)
  • (GJGW), A Dictionary of Christian Biography: "Theodotion"
The term Hellenistic (derived from Ἕλλην Héllēn, the Greeks' traditional self-described ethnic name) was established by the German historian Johann Gustav Droysen to refer to the spreading of
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Hebrew Bible is a generic reference to books of the Bible, originally written in Hebrew, of uncontroversial canonicity. More precisely, it refers to a collection of specific ancient documents viewed as an organic corpus.
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Ancient Greek refers to the second stage in the history of the Greek language[1] as it existed during the Archaic (9th–6th centuries BC) and Classical (5th–4th centuries BC) periods in Greece.
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Septuagint (IPA: /ˈsɛptuədʒɪnt/), or simply "LXX", is the name commonly given in the West to the Koine Greek version of the Old Testament, translated in stages between the 3rd and 1st centuries
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Generally, a lacuna is a gap. The term may refer to:
  • Lacuna (manuscripts), a missing section of text
  • Lacuna (music), an extended silence in a piece of music
  • Lacuna (linguistics), a lexical gap in a language

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Tanakh
Torah | Nevi'im | Ketuvim
Books of Nevi'im
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Tanakh
Torah | Nevi'im | Ketuvim
Books of Ketuvim
Three Poetic Books
1. Psalms
2. Proverbs
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Five Megillot
4. Song of Songs
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Origen (Greek: Ὠριγένης Ōrigénēs, or Origen Adamantius, ca. 185–ca.
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Hexapla (Gr. for "sixfold") is the term for an edition of the Bible in six versions. Especially it applies to the edition of the Old Testament compiled by Origen, which placed side by side:
  1. Hebrew
  2. Hebrew transliterated into Greek characters

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Aquila of Sinope was a 2nd Century CE native of Pontus in Anatolia known for producing a slavishly literal translation of the Hebrew Bible into Greek around 130 CE.[1] He was a proselyte to Judaism and a disciple of Rabbi Akiba[1] (d. circa 135 CE).
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Symmachus can refer to several different people of Roman antiquity.
  • Symmachus the Ebionite (late 2nd century CE), was the author of one of the Greek versions of the Old Testament.
  • Quintus Aurelius Symmachus, c.340–c.402, was a Roman politician.

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Christianity

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Tanakh
Torah | Nevi'im | Ketuvim
Books of Ketuvim
Three Poetic Books
1. Psalms
2. Proverbs
3. Job
Five Megillot
4. Song of Songs
5. Ruth
6.
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Jerome (ca. 347 – September 30, 420; Greek: Ευσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ιερώνυμος
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The Shepherd of Hermas (sometimes just called The Shepherd) is a Christian work of the second century, considered a valuable book by many Christians, and occasionally considered scriptural by some of the early Church fathers.
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Justin Martyr (also Justin the Martyr, Justin of Caesarea, Justin the Philosopher) (100–165) was an early Christian apologist and saint. His works represent the earliest surviving Christian apologies of notable size.
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Bernard de Montfaucon (January 13, 1655, Aube, France - December 21, 1741) was a French Benedictine monk and scholar.

He published L'antiquité expliquée et représentée en figures between 1719 and 1724.
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Aquila of Sinope was a 2nd Century CE native of Pontus in Anatolia known for producing a slavishly literal translation of the Hebrew Bible into Greek around 130 CE.[1] He was a proselyte to Judaism and a disciple of Rabbi Akiba[1] (d. circa 135 CE).
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Symmachus the Ebionite (fl. late 2nd century) was the author of one of the Greek versions of the Old Testament that were included by Origen in his Hexapla and Tetrapla, which compared various versions of the Old Testament side by side with the Septuagint.
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Irenaeus (Greek: Ειρηναίος), (b. 2nd century; d. end of 2nd/beginning of 3rd century) was bishop of Lugdunum in Gaul, which is now Lyon, France.
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On the Detection and Overthrow of the So-Called Gnosis, commonly called Against Heresies (Latin: Adversus haereses), is a five-volume work written by St. Irenaeus of Lyons in the second century.
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Aquila of Sinope was a 2nd Century CE native of Pontus in Anatolia known for producing a slavishly literal translation of the Hebrew Bible into Greek around 130 CE.[1] He was a proselyte to Judaism and a disciple of Rabbi Akiba[1] (d. circa 135 CE).
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Isaiah (Hebrew: יְשַׁעְיָהוּ, Standard  
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The Ebionites (Greek: Ἐβιωναῖοι Ebionaioi from Hebrew; אביונים
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Moses Gaster (September 16, 1856 - 1939) was a Romanian-born Jewish-British scholar, the Hakham of the Spanish and Portuguese congregation, London, and a Hebrew linguist. He was also the son-in-law of Michael Friedländer, principle of Jews' College.
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Emil Schürer (May 2, 1844 – April 30, 1910) was a German Protestant theologian.

Biography

Schürer was born at Augsburg.

After studying at Erlangen, Berlin and Heidelberg from 1862 to 1866, he became in 1873 professor extraordinarius at Leipzig and eventually
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