Information about Thai Numerals
| Numeral systems by culture | |
|---|---|
| Hindu-Arabic numerals | |
| Western Arabic Eastern Arabic Khmer | Indian family Brahmi Thai |
| East Asian numerals | |
| Chinese Chinese counting rods | Korean Japanese |
| Alphabetic numerals | |
| Abjad Armenian Cyrillic Ge'ez | Hebrew Ionian/Greek Sanskrit |
| Other systems | |
| Attic Etruscan Urnfield Roman | Babylonian Egyptian Mayan |
| List of numeral system topics | |
| Positional systems by base | |
| Decimal (10) | |
| 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 | |
| 3, 9, 12, 24, 30, 36, 60, | |
Thai numerals (ตัวเลขไทย) are traditionally used in Thailand, although the Arabic numerals (also known as Western numerals) are more common. Apart from the different symbols used for the numerals, the Thai numeration system is exactly the same as the Hindu-Arabic numeral system used in the rest of the world.
In the Thai language, numerals often follow the modified noun and precede a measure word, although variations to this pattern occur.
Main numbers
Zero to nine
| Thai | RTGS | value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ๐ | ศูนย์ | soon | 0 |
| ๑ | หนึ่ง | nueng | 1 |
| ๒ | สอง | song | 2 |
| ๓ | สาม | sam | 3 |
| ๔ | สี่ | si | 4 |
| ๕ | ห้า | ha | 5 |
| ๖ | หก | hok | 6 |
| ๗ | เจ็ด | chet | 7 |
| ๘ | แปด | paet | 8 |
| ๙ | เก้า | kao | 9 |
Note: For number 2, there is a traditional way of calling this number apart from สอง (song) which is ยี่ (yi). Yi is still used in several places in Thai language. For example, it is used to construct the calling of "20" and its combination instead of song. It is still used in calling traditional second month of the Thai lunar calendar. According to the Online Royal Institute Dictionary, it is also used in the Thai northern dialect to refer to the Year of the tiger.
Ten to a million
These are assembled from the words for the powers of ten. The number one following a power of ten becomes et. The numbers from twenty to twenty nine begin with yi sip.| Thai | RTGS | value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ๑๐ | สิบ | sip | 10 |
| ๑๑ | สิบเอ็ด | sip et | 11 |
| ๑๒ | สิบสอง | sip song | 12 |
| ๒๐ | ยี่สิบ | yi sip | 20 |
| ๒๑ | ยี่สิบเอ็ด | yi sip et | 21 |
| ๒๒ | ยี่สิบสอง | yi sip song | 22 |
| ๑๐๐ | ร้อย | roi | 100 |
| ๑๐๐๐ | พัน | phan | 1 000 |
| ๑๐๐๐๐ | หมื่น | muen | 10 000 |
| ๑๐๐๐๐๐ | แสน | saen | 100 000 |
| ๑๐๐๐๐๐๐ | ล้าน | lan | 1 000 000 |
In colloquial Thai, the beginning of 21 through 29 may be shortened from ยี่สิบ (yi sip) to ยิบ(yip). Therefore, one may hear ยิบเอ็ด (yip et), ยิบสอง (yip song), etc.
The hundreds are formed by combining roi with the tens and ones values. For example, two hundred and thirty-two is song roi sam sip song. The words roi, phan, muen, and saen occur should with a preceding numeral (nueng is optional), so two hundred and ten, for example, is song roi sip, and one hundred is either roi or nueng roi. Nueng never precedes sip, so song roi nueng sip is incorrect. Native speakers will sometimes use roi nueng (or phan nueng, etc.) with different tones on nueng to distinguish one hundred from one hundred and one. However, such distinction is often not made, and ambiguity may follow. To resolve this problem, if the number 101 (or 1001, 10001, etc.) is intended, one should say roi et (or phan et, muen et, etc.).
Numbers above a million
Numbers above a million are constructed by prefixing lan with a multiplier. For example, ten million is sip lan, and a trillion (1012) is lan lan.Decimal and fractional numbers
Colloquially, decimal numbers are formed by saying จุด (chut, dot) where the decimal separator is located. For example, 1.01 is หนึ่งจุดศูนย์หนึ่ง.Fractional numbers are formed by placing ใน (nai, in, of) between the numerator and denominator. For example, ⅓ is หนึ่งในสาม.
The word ครึ่ง (khrueng) is used for "half". It precedes the measure word if used alone, but it follows the measure word when used with another number. For example, kradat krueng phaen (กระดาษครึ่งแผ่น) means "half sheet of paper", but kradat nueng phaen krueng (กระดาษหนึ่งแผ่นครึ่ง) means "one and a half sheets of paper".
Negative numbers
Negative numbers are formed by placing ลบ (lop, minus) in front of the number. For example, -11 is ลบสิบเอ็ด.Ordinal numbers
Ordinal numbers are formed by placing ที่ (thi, place) in front of the number. They are not considered a special class of numbers, since the numeral still follows a modified noun, which is thi in this case.| Thai | RTGS | meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ที่หนึ่ง | thi nueng | first |
| ที่สอง | thi song | second |
| ที่สาม | thi sam | third |
| ที่สี่ | thi si | fourth |
| ที่# | thi # | #st, #nd, #rd, #th |
Alternate numbers
An alternate set of numerals is used to name tonal marks (ไม้, mai), educational degrees (ปริญญา, prinya), and military rankings, and is derived from the names of Sanskrit numerals.| Number | Tonal Mark | Educational Degree | Military Ranking in the Royal Thai Army | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thai | RTGS | Value | Mark | Thai | RTGS | Meaning | Thai | RTGS | Meaning | Thai | RTGS | Meaning | |||
| เอก | ek | one | –่ | ไม้เอก | mai ek | first tone mark | ปริญญาเอก | prinya ek | doctor's degree | พลเอก/พันเอก/ร้อยเอก/สิบเอก/จ่าสิบเอก | phol ek/phan ek/roi ek/sib ek/ja sib tho | General/Colonel/Captain/Sergeant/Master Sergeant 1st Class | |||
| โท | tho | two | –้ | ไม้โท | mai tho | second tone mark | ปริญญาโท | prinya tho | master's degree | พลโท/พันโท/ร้อยโท/สิบโท/จ่าสิบโท | phol tho/phan tho/roi tho/sib tho/ja sib tho | Lieutenant General/Lieutenant Colonel/Lieutenant/Corporal/Master Sergeant 2nd Class | |||
| ตรี | tri | three | –๊ | ไม้ตรี | mai tri | third tone mark | ปริญญาตรี | prinya tri | bachelor's degree | พลตรี/พันตรี/ร้อยตรี/สิบตรี/จ่าสิบตรี | phol tri/phan tri/roi tri/sib tri/ja sib tri | Major general/Major/Sub Lieutenant/Lance Corporal/Master Sergeant 3rd Class | |||
| จัตวา | chattawa | four | –๋ | ไม้จัตวา | mai chattawa | fourth tone mark | พลจัตวา | phol chattawa | Brigadier General (not anymore in use in Thai military ranking, but still used for naming foreign military officers) | ||||||
See also
numeral system (or system of numeration) is a framework where a set of numbers are represented by numerals in a consistent manner. It can be seen as the context that allows the numeral "11" to be interpreted as the binary numeral for three
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Hindu-Arabic numeral system (also called Algorism) is a positional decimal numeral system documented from the 9th century.
The symbols (glyphs) used to represent the system are in principle independent of the system itself.
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The symbols (glyphs) used to represent the system are in principle independent of the system itself.
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Arabic numerals, known formally as Hindu-Arabic numerals, and also as Indian numerals, Hindu numerals, Western Arabic numerals, European numerals, or Western numerals, are the most common symbolic representation of numbers around the world.
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The Eastern Arabic numerals (also called Arabic-Indic numerals, Arabic Eastern Numerals) are the symbols (glyphs) used to represent the Hindu-Arabic numeral system in conjunction with the Arabic alphabet in Egypt, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and parts of India, and also in
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Khmer numerals are the numerals used in the Khmer language of Cambodia. In informal spoken language one can ignore the last "sep" (30 to 90) and it is still understood.
e.g.
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e.g.
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symbols used in various modern Indian scripts for the numbers from zero to nine:
Variant 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Used in
Eastern Nagari numerals ০ ১ ২ ৩ ৪ ৫ ৬ ৭ ৮ ? Bengali language
Assamese language
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Variant 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Used in
Eastern Nagari numerals ০ ১ ২ ৩ ৪ ৫ ৬ ৭ ৮ ? Bengali language
Assamese language
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Brahmi numerals are an indigenous Indian numeral system attested from the 3rd century BCE (somewhat later in the case of most of the tens). They are the direct graphic ancestors of the modern Indic and Hindu-Arabic numerals.
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This page contains Chinese text.
Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
Numeral systems by culture
Hindu-Arabic numerals
Western Arabic
Eastern Arabic
Khmer Indian family
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Counting rods (Traditional Chinese: 籌; Simplified Chinese: 筹; Pinyin: chou2
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- sset
- 여덟 권 yeodeolgwon (eight (books)) is pronounced like [여덜꿘] yeodeolkkwon
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Japanese numerals is the system of number names used in the Japanese language. The Japanese numerals in writing are entirely based on the Chinese numerals and the grouping of large numbers follow the Chinese tradition of grouping by 10,000.
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Abjad numerals are a decimal numeral system which was used in the Arabic-speaking world prior to the use of the Hindu-Arabic numerals from the 8th century, and in parallel with the latter until Modern times.
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Armenian numerals is a historic numeral system created using the majuscules (uppercase letters) of the Armenian alphabet.
There was no notation for zero in the old system, and the numeric values for individual letters were added together.
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There was no notation for zero in the old system, and the numeric values for individual letters were added together.
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Cyrillic numerals was a numbering system derived from the Cyrillic alphabet, used by South and East Slavic peoples. The system was used in Russia as late as the 1700s when Peter the Great replaced it with the Hindu-Arabic numeral system.
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Hebrew numerals is a quasi-decimal alphabetic numeral system using the letters of the Hebrew alphabet.
In this system, there is no notation for zero, and the numeric values for individual letters are added together. Each unit (1, 2, ...
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In this system, there is no notation for zero, and the numeric values for individual letters are added together. Each unit (1, 2, ...
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Greek numerals are a system of representing numbers using letters of the Greek alphabet. They are also known by the names Milesian numerals, Alexandrian numerals, or alphabetic numerals.
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Attic numerals were used by ancient Greeks, possibly from the 7th century BC. They were also known as Herodianic numerals because they were first described in a 2nd century manuscript by Herodian.
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Etruscan numerals were used by the ancient Etruscans. The system was adapted from the Greek Attic numerals and formed the inspiration for the later Roman numerals.
Etruscan Decimal Symbol *
θu 1 I
ma? 5 ?
śar 10 X
muval? 50
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Etruscan Decimal Symbol *
θu 1 I
ma? 5 ?
śar 10 X
muval? 50
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/» and the fifths place with a stroke from the top-left to the bottom-right «\». The numbers from 1 = / to 29 = ////\\\\\ have been found.
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Interpretation
These embossed marks, unique in objects from the Bronze Age, were introduced in cast-iron molds and were not..... Click the link for more information.
Roman numerals is a numeral system originating in ancient Rome, adapted from Etruscan numerals. The system used in classical antiquity was slightly modified in the Middle Ages to produce the system we use today. It is based on certain letters which are given values as numerals.
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Babylonian numerals were written in cuneiform, using a wedge-tipped reed stylus to make a mark on a soft clay tablet which would be exposed in the sun to harden to create a permanent record.
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Egyptian numerals was a numeral system used in ancient Egypt. It was a decimal system, often rounded off to the higher power, written in hieroglyphs. The hieratic form of numerals stressed an exact finite series notation, being ciphered one:one onto the Egyptian alphabet.
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Maya numerals is very simple. [1]
Addition is performed by combining the numeric symbols at each level:
If five or more dots result from the combination, five dots are removed and replaced by a bar.
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Addition is performed by combining the numeric symbols at each level:
If five or more dots result from the combination, five dots are removed and replaced by a bar.
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This is a list of numeral system topics (and "numeric representations"), by Wikipedia page. It does not systematically list computer formats for storing numbers (computer numbering formats). See also number names.
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A positional notation or place-value notation system is a numeral system in which each position is related to the next by a constant multiplier, a common ratio, called the base or radix of that numeral system.
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base or radix is usually the number of various unique digits, including zero, that a positional numeral system uses to represent numbers. For example, the decimal system, the most common system in use today, uses base ten, hence the maximum number a single digit will ever
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decimal (base ten or occasionally denary) numeral system has ten as its base. It is the most widely used numeral system, perhaps because humans have four fingers and a thumb on each hand, giving a total of ten digits over both hands.
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binary numeral system, or base-2 number system, is a numeral system that represents numeric values using two symbols, usually 0 and 1. More specifically, the usual base-2 system is a positional notation with a radix of 2.
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Quaternary is the base-4 numeral system. It uses the digits 0, 1, 2 and 3 to represent any real number.
It shares with all fixed-radix numeral systems many properties, such as the ability to represent any real number with a canonical representation (almost unique) and the
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It shares with all fixed-radix numeral systems many properties, such as the ability to represent any real number with a canonical representation (almost unique) and the
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octal numeral system, or oct for short, is the base-8 number system, and uses the digits 0 to 7.
Octal numerals can be made from binary numerals by grouping consecutive digits into groups of three (starting from the right).
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Octal numerals can be made from binary numerals by grouping consecutive digits into groups of three (starting from the right).
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