Structural Genomics

Information about Structural Genomics

Structural genomics consists in the determination of the three dimensional structure of all proteins of a given organism, by experimental methods such as X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy or computational approaches such as homology modelling.

As opposed to traditional structural biology, the determination of a protein structure through a structural genomics effort often (but not always) comes before anything is known regarding the protein function. This raises new challenges in structural bioinformatics, i.e. determining protein function from its 3D structure.

One of the important aspects of structural genomics is the emphasis on high throughput determination of protein structures. This is performed in dedicated centers of structural genomics.

While most structural biologists pursue structures of individual proteins or protein groups, specialists in structural genomics pursue structures of proteins on a genome wide scale. This implies large scale cloning, expression and purification. One main advantage of this approach is economy of scale. On the other hand, the scientific value of some resultant structures is at times questioned. An interesting Science article from January 2006 analyzes the structural genomics field.

External links

Structural genomics centers

Genomics topics

Genome project | Paleopolyploidy | Glycomics | Human Genome Project | Proteomics

Bioinformatics | Cheminformatics | Systems biology

Proteins are large organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid residues.
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X-ray crystallography is the science of determining the arrangement of atoms within a crystal from the manner in which a beam of X-rays is scattered from the electrons within the crystal.
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Protein nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (usually abbreviated protein NMR) is a field of structural biology in which NMR spectroscopy is used to obtain information about the structure and dynamics of proteins.
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In protein structure prediction, homology modeling, also known as comparative modeling, is a class of methods for constructing an atomic-resolution model of a protein from its amino acid sequence (the "query sequence" or "target").
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Structural biology is a branch of molecular biology concerned with the study of the architecture and shape of biological macromolecules—proteins and nucleic acids in particular—and what causes them to have the structures they have.
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Protein structure, from primary to quaternary structure.]] Biochemistry refers to four distinct aspects of a protein's structure:

Primary structure - the amino acid sequence of the peptide chains.

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Structural bioinformatics refers to the branch of bioinformatics which is related to the analysis and prediction of the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules such as proteins.
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The TB Structural Genomics Consortium is a world-wide consortium of scientists developing a foundation for tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment by determining the 3-dimensional structures of proteins from M. Tuberculosis.
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Genomics is the study of an organism's entire genome. The field includes intensive efforts to determine the entire DNA sequence of organisms and fine-scale genetic mapping efforts.
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Genome projects are scientific endeavours that ultimately aim to determine the complete genome sequence of an organism (be it an animal, a plant, a fungus, a bacterium, an archaean, a protist or a virus).
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Paleopolyploidy refers to ancient genome duplications which occurred at least several million years ago (mya). The genome doubling event could either be an autopolyploidy or an allopolyploidy.
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Glycomics, an analogous term to genomics and proteomics, is the comprehensive study of glycomes, including genetic, physiologic, pathologic, and other aspects. The term glycomics is derived from the chemical prefix for sweetness or a sugar, "glyco-", and was formed to follow the
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Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins, particularly their structures and functions.^[1]^[2] Proteins are vital parts of living organisms, as they are the main components of the physiological pathways of cells.
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Chemogenomics can be defined as a genomic response to chemical compounds. The goal is the rapid identification of novel drugs and drug targets embracing multiple early phase drug discovery technologies ranging from target identification and validation, over compound design and
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The terms pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics tend to be used interchangeably, and a precise, consensus definition of either remains elusive. Pharmacogenetics is generally regarded as the study or clinical testing of genetic variation that gives rise to differing response to
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Pharmacogenomics is the branch of pharmacology which deals with the influence of genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with a drug's efficacy or toxicity.
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Toxicogenomics is a form of analysis by which the activity of a particular toxin or chemical substance on living tissue can be identified based upon a profiling of its known effects on genetic material.
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Computational genomics is the study of deciphering biology from genome sequences using computational analysis.^[1], including both DNA and RNA. Computational genomics focuses on understanding the human genome, and more generally the principles of how DNA controls the
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Bioinformatics and computational biology involve the use of techniques including applied mathematics, informatics, statistics, computer science, artificial intelligence, chemistry, and biochemistry to solve biological problems usually on the molecular level.
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Cheminformatics (also known as chemoinformatics and chemical informatics) is the use of computer and informational techniques, applied to a range of problems in the field of chemistry.
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Systems biology, a field of study in the biosciences, focuses on the systematic study of complex interactions in biological systems. Particularly from 2000 onwards, the term is used widely in the biosciences, and in a variety of contexts.
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