Information about Stirling
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Stirling (Sruighlea in Gaelic) is a city and ancient burgh, in the Stirling council area of Scotland.
The city is clustered around a large castle and mediæval old-town. It is a centre for government, retail, and light industry. Its population (as of the 2001 census) was 41,243, making it the smallest city in Scotland.
A former capital of the Kingdom of Scotland, Stirling was a royal burgh until 1975. In 2002, as part of Queen Elizabeth's Golden Jubilee, Stirling was granted city status.
Originally a Stone Age settlement, Stirling has been strategically significant since at least the Roman occupation of Britain, due to its naturally defensible Crag and tail hill, which latterly became the site of Stirling Castle, and its commanding position beside the River Forth. It is supposed that Stirling is the fortress of Iuddeu or Urbs Giudi where Oswiu of Northumbria was besieged by Penda of Mercia in 655, as recorded in Bede and contemporary annals.
A ford, and later bridge, of the River Forth at Stirling brought wealth and influence, as did its port. The town was chartered as a royal burgh by King David in the 12th century, with charters later reaffirmed by later monarchs (the town then referred to as Strivelyn). Major battles in Scotland's long conflict with England took place at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297 and at the nearby village of Bannockburn in 1314.
The place-name or etymology of Stirling is of unknown origin. The town has two Latin mottoes, which appeared on the earliest burgh seal of which an impression of 1296 is on record:[1]
Standing near the castle, the Church of the Holy Rood (Holy Cross) is one of the town's most historically important buildings. The Church of the Holy Rude, which was rebuilt in the 1400s after Stirling suffered a catastrophic fire in 1405, is the only surviving church in the United Kingdom apart from Westminster Abbey, to have held a coronation. On the 29 July 1567 the infant son of Mary Queen of Scots was crowned James VI of Scotland here. Musket shot marks from Cromwell's troops during the War of the Three Kingdoms are clearly visible on the tower and apse.
During the War of the Three Kingdoms, the Battle of Stirling also took place in the centre of Stirling on 12th September 1648.
The fortifications continued to play a strategic military role during the 18th century Jacobite Risings. In 1715, the Earl of Mar failed to take control of the castle. In January 1746, the army of Bonnie Prince Charlie seized control of the town but failed to take the Castle. On their consequent retreat northwards, they blew up the church of St. Ninians where they had been storing munitions; only the tower survived and can be seen to this day.
Economically, the city's port supported overseas trade, including tea trade with India and timber trade with the Baltic. The coming of the railways in 1848 started the decline of the river trade, not least because a railway bridge downstream restricted access for shipping. By the mid 20th century the port had ceased to operate.
Famous residents have included Mary Queen of Scots, King James VI of Scotland, Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, documentary film pioneer John Grierson, film music composer Muir Mathieson, animation pioneer Norman McLaren, TV presenter Kirsty Young and footballer Billy Bremner (captain of Leeds United and Scotland).
The Barnwell brothers, Frank and Harold, worked at Grampian Motors in Causewayhead, and in 1909 they designed and flew the first powered flight in Scotland. Frank Barnwell went on to design aircraft including the Bristol Blenheim. A small monument to the brothers' pioneering achievement has been erected at Causewayhead roundabout.
Stirling is also famous for its many hauntings, like the Green Lady of the Castle, seen by many a Soldier and "The Settle Inn" near the Castle which is one of the most haunted places in Scotland. Other haunted pubs include "The Golden Lion" and "The Albion Bar" - named after the local football team Stirling Albion.
In terms of national government, there is a Stirling constituency of the Scottish Parliament with the MSP being Bruce Crawford of the Scottish National Party and a Stirling constituency of the House of Commons represented by Anne McGuire of the Labour Party. As Scotland comprises a single European Parliament Constituency, Stirling participates in electing 7 MEP's using the d'Hondt method of proportional representation every 4 years.
Stirling is renowned as the Gateway to the Highlands and is generally regarded as occupying a strategic position at the point where the flatter largely undulating Scottish Lowlands meet the rugged slopes of the Highlands. The starkness of this contrast is evidenced by the many hills and mountains of the lower Highlands such as Ben Vorlich and Ben Ledi which can be seen to the northwest of the city. On the other hand, to the east of the city, the Carse of Stirling is one of the flattest and most agriculturally productive expanses of land in the whole of Scotland.
The land surrounding Stirling has been most affected by glacial erosion and deposition. The city itself has grown up around its castle which stands atop an ancient volcanic plug a major defensive position, which is, in turn at the lowest crossing point on the River Forth. Stirling stands on the River Forth at the point where the river widens and becomes tidal. To the east of the city the Ochil Hills dominate the skyline with the highest peaks in the range being Dumyat and Ben Cleuch. The Ochils meet the flat floodplain of the River Forth to the east of the distinctive geographical feature - Abbey Craig, a crag and tail feature upon which sits the 220ft (67m) high Wallace National Monument[3].
The climate of Stirling differs little from that of much of the rest of central Scotland. The warm, Gulf Stream air current from the Atlantic Ocean is the predominant influence, with a prevailing southwesterly wind.
At the centre of a large rural agricultural hinterland that encompasses some of the flattest and most productive land in Scotland, Stirling principally functioned as a market town with farmers coming to sell their products and wares in the large agricultural market that was held in the town. Today, agriculture still plays a part in the economic life of Stirling, given its focus at the heart of a large rural area, but to a much less extent than previously.
With Stirling's development as a market town and its location as the focus of transport and communications in the region, it has developed a substantial retail sector serving a wide range of surrounding communities as well as the city itself. Primarily centred on the city centre, there are a large number of chain stores, as well as the Thistles Centre mall. However this has been augmented by out-of-town developments such as the Springkerse Retail Park on the city bypass to the east of Stirling, and the development of a large Sainsbury's at Raploch. A major new regeneration project on the site of the former port area and Army depot, adjacent to Stirling Railway Station, is currently underway. Known as Forthside, it has the aim of developing a new waterfront district comprising retail, residential and commercial elements, that will ultimately expand the city centre area, linking it to the River Forth. [7]
In terms of the service sector, financial services as well as tourism are the biggest employers. The financial services and insurance company - Prudential - have a large and well-established base at Craigforth on the outskirts of Stirling. In terms of tourism, the presence of such historical monuments as Stirling Castle, the National Wallace Monument and other nearby attractions like Blair Drummond Safari Park, the key role which Stirling has played in Scottish history, as well as the scenery of the area, has bolstered Stirling's position as an important tourist destination in Scotland.
The University of Stirling and Stirling Council are two of the biggest employers in the area. Knowledge related industries, research and development as well as life sciences have clustered around the university in the Stirling University Innovation Park, close to its main campus. Other public sector agencies that are major employers in the city include Central Scotland Police, HMP Cornton Vale, NHS Forth Valley and the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency.
Public Transport within the city and to the surrounding towns, like Bridge of Allan and Alloa, is almost completely provided by buses operated principally by the First Group. With good road connections to the major cities of Glasgow, via the M80 motorway, and Edinburgh, via the M9 motorway, as well as rail links from Stirling Railway Station. The City of Stirling is home to a large number of commuters, with 12,000 residents commuting to work in other areas, with 13,800 workers also travelling in to the city.[8]
Local sporting teams include the football team Stirling Albion F.C. who play at Forthbank Stadium, and the rugby union team Stirling County. Footballers Billy Bremner and Duncan Ferguson were born in Stirling, as was rugby internationals Kenny Logan and Allister Hogg, jockey Willie Carson, and cricketer Dougie Brown.
Stirling is also a major centre of sports training and education in Scotland. The Scottish Institute of Sport is headquartered in a purpose built facility on the campus of Stirling University which opened in 2002. Also at the university in the state of the art Scottish National Swimming Academy as well as the Gannochy National Tennis centre which is seen as a tennis centre of excellence[9].
Furthermore the university itself has its own dedicated Sports Studies department and was ranked amongst the best in the United Kingdom for its provision of sports facilities, with the maximum 5 star award, shared by 16 other universities in the UK[10].
Stirling and its surrounding area has a number of 9 and 18 hole golf courses, the largest of which is the Stirling Golf Course, located in the Kings Park area of the city.
The University of Stirling opened in 1967 on a greenfield site outside the town. Currently there are 9000 students studying at the university, of which 7000 are undergraduates and 2000 are postgraduates. Students of over 80 nationalities are represented at the university, with 14% of students coming from overseas[11]. It has grown into a major research centre, with a large science park - Innovation Park, located immediately adjacent to the main university campus. Innovation Park has grown since its initiation in 1993, and is now home to 40 companies engaging in various forms of research and development[12]. Stirling is also home to part of the wider Forth Valley College which was formed on August 1st 2005 from the merger of Falkirk, Stirling and Clackmannan colleges.
There are four main high schools in Stirling itself - Stirling High School, with a school roll of 940 pupils, Wallace High School with 950 pupils, St Modan's High School, located in the suburb of St Ninians and Bannockburn High School in Broomridge.
Mair, Craig (1990). Stirling: The Royal Burgh. John Donald Publishers. ISBN 0-85976-420-6.
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Scottish Parliament
Scottish Parliament Building Debating Chamber
Established 1999
by the Scotland Act 1998
Presiding Officer Alex Fergusson MSP (Con)
Since May 14 2007
Deputy Presiding Officers Trish Godman MSP (Lab)
Alasdair Morgan MSP (SNP)
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Dec2005.jpg'))
Stirling (Sruighlea in Gaelic) is a city and ancient burgh, in the Stirling council area of Scotland.
The city is clustered around a large castle and mediæval old-town. It is a centre for government, retail, and light industry. Its population (as of the 2001 census) was 41,243, making it the smallest city in Scotland.
A former capital of the Kingdom of Scotland, Stirling was a royal burgh until 1975. In 2002, as part of Queen Elizabeth's Golden Jubilee, Stirling was granted city status.
History
)
Stirling Castle (Southwest aspect)
A ford, and later bridge, of the River Forth at Stirling brought wealth and influence, as did its port. The town was chartered as a royal burgh by King David in the 12th century, with charters later reaffirmed by later monarchs (the town then referred to as Strivelyn). Major battles in Scotland's long conflict with England took place at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297 and at the nearby village of Bannockburn in 1314.
The place-name or etymology of Stirling is of unknown origin. The town has two Latin mottoes, which appeared on the earliest burgh seal of which an impression of 1296 is on record:[1]
- Hic Armis Bruti Scoti Stant Hic Cruce Tuti (The Britons stand by force of arms, The Scots are by this cross preserved from harms) and
- Continet Hoc in Se Nemus et Castrum Strivilinse (The Castle and Wood of Stirling town are in the compass of this seal set down.)
Standing near the castle, the Church of the Holy Rood (Holy Cross) is one of the town's most historically important buildings. The Church of the Holy Rude, which was rebuilt in the 1400s after Stirling suffered a catastrophic fire in 1405, is the only surviving church in the United Kingdom apart from Westminster Abbey, to have held a coronation. On the 29 July 1567 the infant son of Mary Queen of Scots was crowned James VI of Scotland here. Musket shot marks from Cromwell's troops during the War of the Three Kingdoms are clearly visible on the tower and apse.
During the War of the Three Kingdoms, the Battle of Stirling also took place in the centre of Stirling on 12th September 1648.
The fortifications continued to play a strategic military role during the 18th century Jacobite Risings. In 1715, the Earl of Mar failed to take control of the castle. In January 1746, the army of Bonnie Prince Charlie seized control of the town but failed to take the Castle. On their consequent retreat northwards, they blew up the church of St. Ninians where they had been storing munitions; only the tower survived and can be seen to this day.
Economically, the city's port supported overseas trade, including tea trade with India and timber trade with the Baltic. The coming of the railways in 1848 started the decline of the river trade, not least because a railway bridge downstream restricted access for shipping. By the mid 20th century the port had ceased to operate.
Famous residents have included Mary Queen of Scots, King James VI of Scotland, Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, documentary film pioneer John Grierson, film music composer Muir Mathieson, animation pioneer Norman McLaren, TV presenter Kirsty Young and footballer Billy Bremner (captain of Leeds United and Scotland).
The Barnwell brothers, Frank and Harold, worked at Grampian Motors in Causewayhead, and in 1909 they designed and flew the first powered flight in Scotland. Frank Barnwell went on to design aircraft including the Bristol Blenheim. A small monument to the brothers' pioneering achievement has been erected at Causewayhead roundabout.
Stirling is also famous for its many hauntings, like the Green Lady of the Castle, seen by many a Soldier and "The Settle Inn" near the Castle which is one of the most haunted places in Scotland. Other haunted pubs include "The Golden Lion" and "The Albion Bar" - named after the local football team Stirling Albion.
Governance
In terms of local government, the city of Stirling is a part of the wider Stirling Council area, which governs on matters of local administration as set out by the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994. Elections to the council take place every 4 years. Following the May 2007 elections, the largest party is the Labour Party. The Provost of Stirling is Margaret Brisley. [2]In terms of national government, there is a Stirling constituency of the Scottish Parliament with the MSP being Bruce Crawford of the Scottish National Party and a Stirling constituency of the House of Commons represented by Anne McGuire of the Labour Party. As Scotland comprises a single European Parliament Constituency, Stirling participates in electing 7 MEP's using the d'Hondt method of proportional representation every 4 years.
Geography
)
A map of Stirling from 1945
The land surrounding Stirling has been most affected by glacial erosion and deposition. The city itself has grown up around its castle which stands atop an ancient volcanic plug a major defensive position, which is, in turn at the lowest crossing point on the River Forth. Stirling stands on the River Forth at the point where the river widens and becomes tidal. To the east of the city the Ochil Hills dominate the skyline with the highest peaks in the range being Dumyat and Ben Cleuch. The Ochils meet the flat floodplain of the River Forth to the east of the distinctive geographical feature - Abbey Craig, a crag and tail feature upon which sits the 220ft (67m) high Wallace National Monument[3].
The climate of Stirling differs little from that of much of the rest of central Scotland. The warm, Gulf Stream air current from the Atlantic Ocean is the predominant influence, with a prevailing southwesterly wind.
Areas of Stirling
)
Broad Street at the heart of Stirling's Old Town area (called Top of the Town by locals)
- Bannockburn
- Braehead
- Broomridge
- Cambusbarron
- Cambuskenneth
- Causewayhead
- Cornton
- Cowie
- Fallin
- Kings Park
- Raploch
- Riverside
- St. Ninians
- Top of the Town
- Torbrex
Demography
The city of Stirling had a population of 41,243 at the 2001 census, which has risen to 44,460 according to mid-2004 population estimates[4]. The wider Stirling Council area had a population of 86,370 in 2004. The city is reputed to be the third fastest growing area of Scotland in terms of population[5]. According to the 2001 census[6], 52.7% of the population was female compared to 47.2% male. Stirling had both a smaller proportion of under 16's, at 16.7% compared to the Scottish average of 19.2% and a smaller proportion of those of pensionable age - 17.8% - compared to the Scottish average of 18.6%. The highest proportion of the population, at 24.3% was concentrated in the 16-29 age group. Stirling also had a higher proportion of non-Scottish born residents at 16.5% compared to the Scottish average of 12.8%. The population was also slightly younger than the Scottish average - the median age for males was 34 to the national average of 37; and the median age for females was 36, to the national average of 39. The population peaks and troughs significantly when the students come and go from the city.Economy
)
The main courtyard inside Stirling Castle. It is said that the ghost of a soldier has been seen walking out from under the stairs (centre bottom.)
With Stirling's development as a market town and its location as the focus of transport and communications in the region, it has developed a substantial retail sector serving a wide range of surrounding communities as well as the city itself. Primarily centred on the city centre, there are a large number of chain stores, as well as the Thistles Centre mall. However this has been augmented by out-of-town developments such as the Springkerse Retail Park on the city bypass to the east of Stirling, and the development of a large Sainsbury's at Raploch. A major new regeneration project on the site of the former port area and Army depot, adjacent to Stirling Railway Station, is currently underway. Known as Forthside, it has the aim of developing a new waterfront district comprising retail, residential and commercial elements, that will ultimately expand the city centre area, linking it to the River Forth. [7]
In terms of the service sector, financial services as well as tourism are the biggest employers. The financial services and insurance company - Prudential - have a large and well-established base at Craigforth on the outskirts of Stirling. In terms of tourism, the presence of such historical monuments as Stirling Castle, the National Wallace Monument and other nearby attractions like Blair Drummond Safari Park, the key role which Stirling has played in Scottish history, as well as the scenery of the area, has bolstered Stirling's position as an important tourist destination in Scotland.
The University of Stirling and Stirling Council are two of the biggest employers in the area. Knowledge related industries, research and development as well as life sciences have clustered around the university in the Stirling University Innovation Park, close to its main campus. Other public sector agencies that are major employers in the city include Central Scotland Police, HMP Cornton Vale, NHS Forth Valley and the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency.
Public Transport within the city and to the surrounding towns, like Bridge of Allan and Alloa, is almost completely provided by buses operated principally by the First Group. With good road connections to the major cities of Glasgow, via the M80 motorway, and Edinburgh, via the M9 motorway, as well as rail links from Stirling Railway Station. The City of Stirling is home to a large number of commuters, with 12,000 residents commuting to work in other areas, with 13,800 workers also travelling in to the city.[8]
Sports
)
The headquarters of the Scottish Institute of Sport in Stirling.
Local sporting teams include the football team Stirling Albion F.C. who play at Forthbank Stadium, and the rugby union team Stirling County. Footballers Billy Bremner and Duncan Ferguson were born in Stirling, as was rugby internationals Kenny Logan and Allister Hogg, jockey Willie Carson, and cricketer Dougie Brown.
Stirling is also a major centre of sports training and education in Scotland. The Scottish Institute of Sport is headquartered in a purpose built facility on the campus of Stirling University which opened in 2002. Also at the university in the state of the art Scottish National Swimming Academy as well as the Gannochy National Tennis centre which is seen as a tennis centre of excellence[9].
Furthermore the university itself has its own dedicated Sports Studies department and was ranked amongst the best in the United Kingdom for its provision of sports facilities, with the maximum 5 star award, shared by 16 other universities in the UK[10].
Stirling and its surrounding area has a number of 9 and 18 hole golf courses, the largest of which is the Stirling Golf Course, located in the Kings Park area of the city.
Education
)
Looking out over Airthrey Loch on the main campus of The University of Stirling
The University of Stirling opened in 1967 on a greenfield site outside the town. Currently there are 9000 students studying at the university, of which 7000 are undergraduates and 2000 are postgraduates. Students of over 80 nationalities are represented at the university, with 14% of students coming from overseas[11]. It has grown into a major research centre, with a large science park - Innovation Park, located immediately adjacent to the main university campus. Innovation Park has grown since its initiation in 1993, and is now home to 40 companies engaging in various forms of research and development[12]. Stirling is also home to part of the wider Forth Valley College which was formed on August 1st 2005 from the merger of Falkirk, Stirling and Clackmannan colleges.
There are four main high schools in Stirling itself - Stirling High School, with a school roll of 940 pupils, Wallace High School with 950 pupils, St Modan's High School, located in the suburb of St Ninians and Bannockburn High School in Broomridge.
Twinned cities
Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
Dunedin, Florida, United States
- Óbuda, Hungary
Summerside, Prince Edward Island, Canada
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References
1. ^ RM Urquhart, Scottish Burgh and County Heraldry, London, 1973
2. ^ BBC News item on Council elections 2007
3. ^ Gazetteer for Scotland Abbey Craig
4. ^ Settlement Population Estimates 2004General Register Office for Scotland, 2004
5. ^ Stirling Council City Profile Stirling Profile
6. ^ Scotland's Census Results online Results for the Stirling locality, 2001
7. ^ InStirling report on Forthside project
8. ^ Stirling Council, Property and the economy Keeping an eye on your business
9. ^ Stirling University University background
10. ^ Stirling University External Visitor Information
11. ^ Visitor Information - Useful facts and figures Stirling University Facts and Figures
12. ^ Stirling University Innovation Park About us
2. ^ BBC News item on Council elections 2007
3. ^ Gazetteer for Scotland Abbey Craig
4. ^ Settlement Population Estimates 2004General Register Office for Scotland, 2004
5. ^ Stirling Council City Profile Stirling Profile
6. ^ Scotland's Census Results online Results for the Stirling locality, 2001
7. ^ InStirling report on Forthside project
8. ^ Stirling Council, Property and the economy Keeping an eye on your business
9. ^ Stirling University University background
10. ^ Stirling University External Visitor Information
11. ^ Visitor Information - Useful facts and figures Stirling University Facts and Figures
12. ^ Stirling University Innovation Park About us
Mair, Craig (1990). Stirling: The Royal Burgh. John Donald Publishers. ISBN 0-85976-420-6.
See also
External links
- Stirling Council Website
- Stirling Castle (Historic Scotland)
- Mapping the Town: the history of Stirling, presented by Julian Richards (BBC Radio 4) (RealAudio format)
- University of Stirling
- Photos of Stirling
- More photos of Stirling - Taken by Stuart Gillespie, Pastor of Calvary Chapel Stirling
- Cambusbarron Village - Local website with lots of information about the village and the Stirling area
- Stirling Chinese Community - Stirling Chinese Community
- Stirling Gaelic Choir
Places with City status in Scotland |
|---|
| Aberdeen Dundee Edinburgh Glasgow Inverness Stirling |
Scottish Gaelic}}}
Official status
Official language of: Scotland
Regulated by: Bòrd na Gàidhlig
Language codes
ISO 639-1: gd
ISO 639-2: gla
ISO 639-3: gla
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig
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Official status
Official language of: Scotland
Regulated by: Bòrd na Gàidhlig
Language codes
ISO 639-1: gd
ISO 639-2: gla
ISO 639-3: gla
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig
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Scots refers to the Anglic varieties derived from early northern Middle English spoken in parts of Scotland. In Scotland it is sometimes called Lowland Scots or its contraction Lallans
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Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001. This was the 19th UK Census.
Census 2001 was organised by the Office for National Statistics in England and Wales, the General Register Office for Scotland and the Northern Ireland Statistics
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Census 2001 was organised by the Office for National Statistics in England and Wales, the General Register Office for Scotland and the Northern Ireland Statistics
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The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using latitude or longitude.
The Ordnance Survey (OS) devised the national grid reference system, and it is heavily used in their survey data,
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The Ordnance Survey (OS) devised the national grid reference system, and it is heavily used in their survey data,
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Scotland
This article is part of the series:
Politics of Scotland
Scottish Parliament
Scottish Executive
Presiding Officer
First Minister
Lord Advocate
Solicitor General
Members of Parliament (MSPs)
Local government
Elections
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This article is part of the series:
Politics of Scotland
Scottish Parliament
Scottish Executive
Presiding Officer
First Minister
Lord Advocate
Solicitor General
Members of Parliament (MSPs)
Local government
Elections
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Stirling
Sruighlea
Logo Coat of arms
Location
Geography
Area Ranked 9th
- Total 2,187 km²
- % Water ?
Admin HQ Stirling
GB-STG
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Sruighlea
Logo Coat of arms
Location
Geography
Area Ranked 9th
- Total 2,187 km²
- % Water ?
Admin HQ Stirling
GB-STG
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The Lieutenancy areas of Scotland are the areas used for the ceremonial lords-lieutenant, the monarch's representatives, in Scotland. They are different from the local government council areas, the committee areas, the sheriffdoms, the registration counties, the former regions and
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Stirling and Falkirk is a lieutenancy area of Scotland. It consists of the local government areas of Stirling and Falkirk, which cover the same areas as the previous districts from 1975—1996.
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Constituent countries is a phrase used, often by official institutions, in contexts in which a number of countries make up a larger entity or grouping, concerning these countries; thus the OECD has used the phrase in reference to the parts of former Yugoslavia[1]
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Motto
Nemo me impune lacessit (Latin)
"No one provokes me with impunity"
"Cha togar m'fhearg gun dioladh"
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Nemo me impune lacessit (Latin)
"No one provokes me with impunity"
"Cha togar m'fhearg gun dioladh"
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country, state, and nation can have various meanings. Therefore, diverse lists of these entities are possible. Wikipedia offers the following lists:
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Motto
"Dieu et mon droit" [2] (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
"God Save the Queen" [3]
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"Dieu et mon droit" [2] (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
"God Save the Queen" [3]
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A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system.[1] Including the correct post town in the address increases the chances of a letter or parcel being delivered on time.
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The London postal district is the area in England, currently of 241 square miles,[1] to which mail addressed to the LONDON post town is delivered. The area was initially devised in 1856[2]
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UK postal codes are known as postcodes.
UK postcodes are alphanumeric. These codes were introduced by the Royal Mail over a 15-year period from 1959 to 1974 — the full list is now available electronically from the Royal Mail as the Postcode Address File.
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UK postcodes are alphanumeric. These codes were introduced by the Royal Mail over a 15-year period from 1959 to 1974 — the full list is now available electronically from the Royal Mail as the Postcode Address File.
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UK telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Numbering Plan, is regulated by the Office of Communications (Ofcom), which replaced the Office of Telecommunications (Oftel) in 2003.
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British car number plates have existed in the United Kingdom since 1904. All motor-powered road vehicles, including cars but excepting the official cars of the reigning monarch, are required by law to display them.
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British car number plate identifiers are letters used to pinpoint where a car has been registered in Great Britain. They have been used on British vehicle number plates since 2001. A separate (and older) system is used in Northern Ireland.
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Southend-on-Sea is a seaside resort and unitary authority in the East of England. The borough of Southend-on-Sea is part of the ceremonial county of Essex and is located on the north side of the Thames estuary roughly 40 miles (65 km) east of central London.
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fire service in the United Kingdom has undergone dramatic changes since the beginning of the 21st century, a process that has been propelled by a devolution of central government powers, new legislation and a change to operational procedures in the light of terrorism attacks and
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Central Scotland Fire and Rescue Service
Central Scotland Fire and Rescue Service area
Coverage
Area Stirling, Falkirk, Clackmannanshire
Size 2,643 square kilometres
Population 284,710
Operations
Formed 1975
HQ
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Central Scotland Fire and Rescue Service area
Coverage
Area Stirling, Falkirk, Clackmannanshire
Size 2,643 square kilometres
Population 284,710
Operations
Formed 1975
HQ
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Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom are almost all provided by one of the four National Health Services through local ambulance services, known in England and Wales as trusts.
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Scottish Ambulance Service is part of the National Health Service in Scotland, and serves all of Scotland. It is a Special Health Board funded directly by the Scottish Executive Health Department.
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England]]
1.1 East Midlands Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire
1.2 East of England Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk, Suffolk
1.3 Greater London North East, North West, South East, South West
1.
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1.1 East Midlands Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire
1.2 East of England Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk, Suffolk
1.3 Greater London North East, North West, South East, South West
1.
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Stirling is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.
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Boundaries
The constituency covers the whole of the Stirling council area...... Click the link for more information.
Scottish Parliament
Scottish Parliament Building Debating Chamber
Established 1999
by the Scotland Act 1998
Presiding Officer Alex Fergusson MSP (Con)
Since May 14 2007
Deputy Presiding Officers Trish Godman MSP (Lab)
Alasdair Morgan MSP (SNP)
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Majority 620 1.9 +1.8
Turnout 32,625 62.3
gain from +9.4
Scottish Parliament election, 2003: Stirling
Party Candidate Votes % %
Sylvia Jackson 10,661 36.0 -2.0
Brian Monteith 7,781 26.2 -2.0
Bruce Crawford 5,645 19.0 +0.
..... Click the link for more information.
Turnout 32,625 62.3
gain from +9.4
Scottish Parliament election, 2003: Stirling
Party Candidate Votes % %
Sylvia Jackson 10,661 36.0 -2.0
Brian Monteith 7,781 26.2 -2.0
Bruce Crawford 5,645 19.0 +0.
..... Click the link for more information.
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Herod_Archelaus
