Information about Sterol
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Sterols, or steroid alcohols are a subgroup of steroids with a hydroxyl group in the 3-position of the A-ring. They are amphipathic lipids synthetised from acetyl-coenzyme A. The overall molecule is quite flat. The hydroxyl group on the A ring is polar. The rest of the aliphatic chain is non-polar.
Sterols of plants are called phytosterols and sterols of animals are called zoosterols. The most important zoosterols are cholesterol and some steroid hormones; the most important phytosterols are campesterol, sitosterol, and stigmasterol.
Sterols play essential roles in the physiology of eukaryotic organisms. For example cholesterol forms part of the cellular membrane where its presence decreases the cell membrane's fluidity and serves as secondary messenger in developmental signaling.
Plant sterols are also known to block cholesterol absorption sites in the human intestine thus helping to reduce cholesterol in humans.
In humans sterols act to provide important signals and metabolic communications eg. circadian rhythms, blood clotting.
See also
References
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Alberts et al., 2002) [1]External links
Lipids: membrane lipids |
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Cholestanes, membrane lipids: sterols |
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| Adosterol - Cholecalciferol/Ergocalciferols - Cholesterol - Dihydrotachysterol - Fusidic acid - Lanosterol - Phytosterols - Solanine |
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Hydroxyl in chemistry stands for a molecule consisting of an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom connected by a covalent bond. The neutral form is a hydroxyl radical and the hydroxyl anion is called a hydroxide.
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Amphipathic lipids are molecules that are mostly lipid-like (hydrophobic) in structure, but at one end have a region that is polar or ionic (hydrophilic). The hydrophilic region is usually referred to as the head group, and the lipid portion is know as the tail(s).
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Acetyl-CoA is an important molecule in metabolism, used in many biochemical reactions. Its main use is to convey the carbon atoms within the acetyl group to Krebs Cycle to be oxidized for energy production.
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Chemical polarity, also known as bond polarity or simply polarity, is a concept in chemistry which describes how equally bonding electrons are shared between atoms.
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In chemistry, aliphatic compounds are organic compounds in which carbon atoms are joined together in straight or branched chains or in rings, that can be either saturated or unsaturated, but not aromatic.[1] The simplest aliphatic compound is methane (CH4).
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Chemical polarity, also known as bond polarity or simply polarity, is a concept in chemistry which describes how equally bonding electrons are shared between atoms.
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Plantae
Haeckel, 1866[1]
Divisions
Green algae
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Haeckel, 1866[1]
Divisions
Green algae
- Chlorophyta
- Charophyta
- Non-vascular land plants (bryophytes)
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Phytosterols (also called plant sterols) are a group of steroid alcohol, phytochemicals naturally occurring in plants. They are white powders with mild, characteristic odor, insoluble in water and soluble in alcohols.
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Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol), a lipid found in the cell membranes of all tissues, and is transported in the blood plasma of all animals. Because cholesterol is synthesized by all eukaryotes, trace amounts of cholesterol are also found in membranes of
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Steroid hormones are steroids which act as hormones. Mammalian steroid hormones can be grouped into five groups by the receptors to which they bind: glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, estrogens, and progestagens.
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Phytosterols (also called plant sterols) are a group of steroid alcohol, phytochemicals naturally occurring in plants. They are white powders with mild, characteristic odor, insoluble in water and soluble in alcohols.
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β-sitosterol is one of several phytosterols with chemical structures similar to that of cholesterol. It is white in colour and waxy in nature.
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Sources
It is widely distributed in the plant kingdom and found in Serenoa repens (saw palmetto), Curcurbita pepo (pumpkin..... Click the link for more information.
Stigmasterol is a phytosterol with a molecular weight of 412.691 and a formula of C29H48O.
Stigmasterol is one of a group of plant sterols, or phytosterols, that includes beta-sitosterol, campesterol, ergosterol (provitamin D2), brassicasterol,
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Stigmasterol is one of a group of plant sterols, or phytosterols, that includes beta-sitosterol, campesterol, ergosterol (provitamin D2), brassicasterol,
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In cell physiology, a secondary messenger system (also known as a second messenger system) is a method of cellular signalling where the signalling molecule does not enter the cell, but rather utilizes a cascade of events that transduces the signal into a cellular change.
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Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol), a lipid found in the cell membranes of all tissues, and is transported in the blood plasma of all animals. Because cholesterol is synthesized by all eukaryotes, trace amounts of cholesterol are also found in membranes of
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Phytosterols (also called plant sterols) are a group of steroid alcohol, phytochemicals naturally occurring in plants. They are white powders with mild, characteristic odor, insoluble in water and soluble in alcohols.
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Ergosterol (ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol), a sterol, is the biological precursor to Vitamin D2. It is turned into viosterol by ultraviolet light, and is then converted into ergocalciferol, which is a form of Vitamin D.
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Lipids can be broadly defined as any fat-soluble (hydrophobic), naturally-occurring molecules. The term is more-specifically used to refer to fatty-acids and their derivatives (including tri-, di-, and monoglycerides and phospholipids) as well as other fat-soluble sterol-containing
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The three major classes of membrane lipids are phospholipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol.
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Phospholipids
Phospholipids and glycolipids consist of two long, nonpolar (hydrophobic) hydrocarbon chains linked to a hydrophilic head group...... Click the link for more information.
lipid bilayer or bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) is a membrane or zone of a membrane composed of lipid molecules (usually phospholipids). The lipid bilayer is a critical component of all biological membranes, including cell membranes, and so is absolutely essential for all
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U indicates the uncharged hydrophobic portion of the molecule, highlighted in blue.]]
Phospholipids are a class of lipids, and a major component of all biological membranes, along with glycolipids, cholesterol and proteins.
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Phospholipids are a class of lipids, and a major component of all biological membranes, along with glycolipids, cholesterol and proteins.
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A lipoprotein is a biochemical assembly that contains both proteins and lipids. The lipids or their derivatives may be covalently or non-covalently bound to the proteins. Many enzymes, transporters, structural proteins, antigens, adhesins and toxins are lipoproteins.
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Sphingolipids are a class of lipids derived from the aliphatic amino alcohol sphingosine. Sphingolipids are often found in neural tissue, and play an important role in both signal transmission and cell recognition.
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Cholestane is a saturated 27-carbon steroid precursor which serves as the basis for many organic molecules. They are classified in two families:
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- Sterols (with an alcohol group)
- Cholestenes (with a double bond)
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The three major classes of membrane lipids are phospholipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol.
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Phospholipids
Phospholipids and glycolipids consist of two long, nonpolar (hydrophobic) hydrocarbon chains linked to a hydrophilic head group...... Click the link for more information.
Adosterol is an iodine-containing sterol.
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