Information about States And Territories Of Australia
The states and territories of Australia make up the Commonwealth of Australia under a federal system of government.
From 1926 to 1931, Central Australia existed as a separate territory between the 20th and 26th parallels of latitude, before being reincorporated into the Northern Territory.
Most of the territories are directly administered by the Commonwealth government, while three (the Northern Territory, the Australian Capital Territory and Norfolk Island) administer themselves. In the self-governing territories the Australian Parliament retains the full power to legislate, and can override laws made by the territorial institutions, which it has done on rare occasions. For the purposes of Australian (and joint Australia-New Zealand) intergovernmental bodies, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory are treated as states.
Furthermore, the distribution of powers between the Commonwealth and the territories is different from that between the Commonwealth and the states. In the Northern Territory, the Commonwealth retains the power to directly administer uranium mining and Aboriginal lands - powers which it does not possess with respect to the states.
Each state has a Governor, appointed by the Queen, which by convention she does on the advice of the state Premier. The Administrators of the Northern Territory and of Norfolk Island are, by contrast, appointed by the Governor-General. The Australian Capital Territory has neither a Governor nor Administrator, but the Governor-General exercises some powers that in other jurisdictions are exercised by the Governor of a state or Administrator of a territory, such as the power to dissolve the Legislative Assembly.
Each state has a bicameral Parliament except Queensland, which abolished its upper house in 1922. The lower house is called the Legislative Assembly, except in South Australia and Tasmania, where it is called the House of Assembly. Tasmania is the only state to use proportional representation for elections to its lower house; all others elect members from single member constituencies, using the alternative vote. The upper house is called the Legislative Council, and is generally elected from multi-member constituencies using proportional representation. The three self-governing territories, the ACT, the Northern Territory and Norfolk Island, have unicameral Legislative Assemblies.
The head of government of each state is called the Premier, appointed by the state's Governor. In normal circumstances the Governor will appoint as Premier whoever leads the party or coalition which exercises control of the lower house (in the case of Queensland, the only house) of the state Parliament. However, in times of constitutional crisis, the Governor can appoint someone else as Premier. The head of government of the self-governing internal territories is called the Chief Minister. The Northern Territory's Chief Minister, in normal circumstances whoever controls the Legislative Assembly, is appointed by the Administrator.
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States and territories of Australia
States
| State | Abbreviation | Capital |
){kind=small} New South Wales | NSW | Sydney |
){kind=small} Queensland | QLD | Brisbane |
){kind=small} South Australia | SA | Adelaide |
){kind=small} Tasmania | TAS | Hobart |
.svg.png')){kind=small} Victoria | VIC | Melbourne |
){kind=small} Western Australia | WA | Perth |
- See also: Bank State Branch#List of State codes
Territories
Mainland
| Territory | Abbreviation | Capital |
){kind=small} Australian Capital Territory | ACT | Canberra |
){kind=small} Jervis Bay Territory | JBT | |
){kind=small} Northern Territory | NT | Darwin |
External
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Australian external territories
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
- Australian Antarctic Territory
Norfolk Island
Christmas Island
_Islands.svg.png)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
- Coral Sea Islands Territory
- Heard and McDonald Islands
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Former
- Territory of North Australia (1927-32)
- Territory of Central Australia (1927-31)
- Territory of Papua (1902-49)
- Territory of New Guinea (1920-49)
- Territory of Papua and New Guinea (1949-72)
Background and overview
The states originated as separate British colonies prior to Federation (in 1901). Their powers are protected by the Australian constitution, and Commonwealth legislation only applies to the states where permitted by the constitution. The territories, by contrast, are from a constitutional perspective directly subject to the Commonwealth government. The Australian Parliament has powers to legislate in the territories that it does not possess in the states.Most of the territories are directly administered by the Commonwealth government, while three (the Northern Territory, the Australian Capital Territory and Norfolk Island) administer themselves. In the self-governing territories the Australian Parliament retains the full power to legislate, and can override laws made by the territorial institutions, which it has done on rare occasions. For the purposes of Australian (and joint Australia-New Zealand) intergovernmental bodies, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory are treated as states.
Furthermore, the distribution of powers between the Commonwealth and the territories is different from that between the Commonwealth and the states. In the Northern Territory, the Commonwealth retains the power to directly administer uranium mining and Aboriginal lands - powers which it does not possess with respect to the states.
Each state has a Governor, appointed by the Queen, which by convention she does on the advice of the state Premier. The Administrators of the Northern Territory and of Norfolk Island are, by contrast, appointed by the Governor-General. The Australian Capital Territory has neither a Governor nor Administrator, but the Governor-General exercises some powers that in other jurisdictions are exercised by the Governor of a state or Administrator of a territory, such as the power to dissolve the Legislative Assembly.
Each state has a bicameral Parliament except Queensland, which abolished its upper house in 1922. The lower house is called the Legislative Assembly, except in South Australia and Tasmania, where it is called the House of Assembly. Tasmania is the only state to use proportional representation for elections to its lower house; all others elect members from single member constituencies, using the alternative vote. The upper house is called the Legislative Council, and is generally elected from multi-member constituencies using proportional representation. The three self-governing territories, the ACT, the Northern Territory and Norfolk Island, have unicameral Legislative Assemblies.
The head of government of each state is called the Premier, appointed by the state's Governor. In normal circumstances the Governor will appoint as Premier whoever leads the party or coalition which exercises control of the lower house (in the case of Queensland, the only house) of the state Parliament. However, in times of constitutional crisis, the Governor can appoint someone else as Premier. The head of government of the self-governing internal territories is called the Chief Minister. The Northern Territory's Chief Minister, in normal circumstances whoever controls the Legislative Assembly, is appointed by the Administrator.
Comparative terminology
| Entity | Executive | Head of Government | Upper House of Parliament | Lower House of Parliament | Member of Parliament* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | Governor-General | Prime Minister | Senate | House of Representatives | Senator | MP |
| New South Wales | Governor | Premier | Legislative Council | Legislative Assembly | MLC | MLA |
| Victoria | ||||||
| Queensland | Abolished (1922) | None | MP | |||
| South Australia | Legislative Council | House of Assembly | MLC | MHA | ||
| Tasmania | ||||||
| Western Australia | Legislative Assembly | MLA | ||||
| Australian Capital Territory | Chief Minister | Chief Minister | None | None | ||
| Northern Territory | Administrator | |||||
| Norfolk Island | ||||||
| Christmas Island | Mayor/Shire President | Shire Council | Councillor | |||
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands | ||||||
| *Note: The abbreviation MP is an acceptable, and indeed more common term for members of each lower house. | ||||||
State governors and territorial administrators
| Post | Appointee | Appointed |
| Governor of New South Wales | Her Excellency Professor Marie Bashir AC CVO | March 2001 |
| Governor of Victoria | His Excellency Professor David de Kretser AC | April 2006 |
| Governor of South Australia | Her Excellency Mrs Marjorie Jackson-Nelson AC CVO MBE | November 2001 |
| Governor of Queensland | Her Excellency Ms Quentin Bryce AC | July 2003 |
| Governor of Tasmania | His Excellency the Hon William Cox AC RFD ED | December 2004 |
| Governor of Western Australia | His Excellency Dr Ken Michael AC | October 2005 |
| Administrator of the Northern Territory | Mr Ted Egan AO | October 2003 |
| Administrator of Norfolk Island | The Hon Grant Tambling | November 2003 |
| Administrator of Christmas Island | The Hon Neil Lucas PSM | January 2006 |
| Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands |
Premiers and Chief Ministers of states and territories
| Post | Appointee | Political party | Appointed |
| Chief Minister for the Northern Territory of Australia | Ms Clare Martin MLA | ALP | August 2001 |
| Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory | Mr Jon Stanhope MLA | ALP | November 2001 |
| Premier of South Australia | The Hon Mike Rann MHA | ALP | March 2002 |
| Premier of Tasmania | The Hon Paul Lennon MHA | ALP | March 2004 |
| Premier of New South Wales | The Hon Morris Iemma MLA | ALP | August 2005 |
| Premier of Western Australia | The Hon Alan Carpenter MLA | ALP | January 2006 |
| Chief Minister of Norfolk Island | Mr Andre Nobbs MLA | March 2007 | |
| Premier of Victoria | The Hon John Brumby MLA | ALP | July 2007 |
| Premier of Queensland | The Hon Anna Bligh MP | ALP | September 2007 |
State and territorial parliaments
- Parliament of New South Wales
- Parliament of Queensland
- Parliament of South Australia
- Parliament of Tasmania
- Parliament of Victoria
- Parliament of Western Australia
- Northern Territory Legislative Assembly
- Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly
- Norfolk Island Legislative Assembly
State and territory police forces
- Australian Capital Territory Police
- New South Wales Police
- Northern Territory Police
- Queensland Police
- South Australia Police
- Tasmania Police
- Victoria Police
- Western Australia Police
Statistics
| State/territory | Land area (km²) | Rank | Population (2004) | Rank | Population density (/km²) | Rank | % of population in capital | Rank |
| Australian Capital Territory | 2,358 | 8th | 324,300 | 7th | 137.53 | 1st | 99.6% | 1st |
| New South Wales | 800,642 | 5th | 6,760,000 | 1st | 8.44 | 3rd | 63% | 5th |
| Victoria | 227,416 | 6th | 5,002,300 | 2nd | 22 | 2nd | 71% | 4th |
| Queensland | 1,730,648 | 2nd | 3,919,500 | 3rd | 2.26 | 5th | 46% | 7th |
| South Australia | 983,482 | 4th | 1,537,900 | 5th | 1.56 | 6th | 73.5% | 2nd |
| Western Australia | 2,529,875 | 1st | 1,998,400 | 4th | 0.79 | 7th | 73.4% | 3rd |
| Tasmania | 68,401 | 7th | 484,000 | 6th | 7.08 | 4th | 41% | 8th |
| Northern Territory | 1,349,129 | 3rd | 200,800 | 8th | 0.15 | 8th | 54% | 6th |
Distance table
| Adelaide | |||||||||||||||
| 2673 | Albany | ||||||||||||||
| 1533 | 3588 | Alice Springs | |||||||||||||
| 1578 | 3633 | 443 | Ayers Rock | ||||||||||||
| 2045 | 4349 | 3038 | 3254 | Brisbane | |||||||||||
| 2483 | 1943 | 2483 | 1223 | 3317 | Broome | ||||||||||
| 3352 | 5656 | 2457 | 2900 | 1716 | 2496 | Cairns | |||||||||
| 1196 | 3846 | 3706 | 2751 | 1261 | 3275 | 2568 | Canberra | ||||||||
| 3022 | 4614 | 1489 | 1932 | 3463 | 1803 | 2882 | 4195 | Darwin | |||||||
| 1001 | 3674 | 2534 | 2579 | 1944 | 3636 | 3251 | 918 | 4023 | Hobart | ||||||
| 3219 | 3787 | 1686 | 2129 | 3660 | 1045 | 3079 | 4392 | 827 | 4220 | Kununurra | |||||
| 2783 | 5087 | 2505 | 2948 | 976 | 2840 | 740 | 1999 | 2930 | 2682 | 3127 | Mackay | ||||
| 731 | 3404 | 2264 | 2309 | 1674 | 3124 | 2981 | 648 | 3753 | 270 | 3950 | 2412 | Melbourne | |||
| 2742 | 5106 | 1209 | 1652 | 1829 | 1834 | 1248 | 2561 | 1634 | 3075 | 1831 | 1296 | 2805 | Mount Isa | ||
| 2781 | 409 | 3696 | 3741 | 4457 | 2389 | 5764 | 3954 | 4205 | 3782 | 3378 | 5195 | 3512 | 4905 | Perth | |
| 1412 | 3970 | 3830 | 2875 | 1001 | 3373 | 2495 | 286 | 4034 | 1142 | 4516 | 1926 | 872 | 2400 | 4078 | Sydney |
distance in Kilometre.
State and territory codes
| State/Territory | Callsigns | Postcodes | Telephone area codes | Time zone | |||
| AM/FM | TV | Amateur | Std | Summer | |||
| Australian Capital Territory | 1xx(x) | xx(x)Cn | VK1xx | 02nn*, 26nn, 29nn | 02 | +10 | +11 |
| New South Wales | 2xx(x) | xx(x)Nn | VK2xx | 1nnn*, 2nnn | 02 | +10 | +11 |
| Victoria | 3xx(x) | xx(x)Vn | VK3xx | 3nnn, 8nnn* | 03 | +10 | +11 |
| Queensland | 4xx(x) | xx(x)Qn | VK4xx | 4nnn, 9nnn* | 07 | +10 | |
| South Australia | 5xx(x) | xx(x)Sn | VK5xx | 5nnn | 08 | +9½ | +10½ |
| Western Australia | 6xx(x) | xx(x)Wn | VK6xx | 6nnn | 08 | +8 | +9 |
| Tasmania | 7xx(x) | xx(x)Tn | VK7xx | 7nnn | 03 | +10 | +11 |
| Northern Territory | 8xx(x) | xx(x)Dn | VK8xx | 08nn | 08 | +9½ | |
| External Territories | |||||||
| Norfolk Island | 2xx(x) | VK9xx | (NSW) | +672 3 | +11½ | ||
| Christmas Island | (WA) | (WA) | +7 | ||||
| Cocos Island | +6½ | ||||||
| Australian Antarctic Territory | none | VK0xx | (Tas) | +672 1 | +6 to +8 | ||
| Macquarie Island | none | +10 | +11 | ||||
| * used for PO box and Large Users only | |||||||
See also
- , the ISO codes for the states and territories of Australia.
- Proposals for new Australian States
- List of regions in Australia
- Territorial evolution of Australia
- Australian regional rivalries
- Provinces and territories of Canada (for comparison)
External links
States and territories of Australia | ||
|---|---|---|
| States and mainland territories | Australian Capital Territory New South Wales Northern Territory Queensland South Australia Tasmania Victoria Western Australia Jervis Bay Territory | |
| External territories | Ashmore and Cartier Islands Australian Antarctic Territory Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Coral Sea Islands Heard Island and McDonald Islands Norfolk Island | |
First-level administrative divisions of Oceania | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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Anthem
Advance Australia Fair [1]
Capital Canberra
Largest city Sydney
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Advance Australia Fair [1]
Capital Canberra
Largest city Sydney
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federalism is a political philosophy in which a group of members who are are bound together (Latin: foedus, covenant) with a governing representative head.
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Western Australia
Flag Coat of Arms
Slogan or Nickname: Wildflower State or the "Golden State"
Other Australian states and territories
Capital Perth
Government Constitutional monarchy
Governor Ken Michael
Premier Alan Carpenter (ALP)
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Flag Coat of Arms
Slogan or Nickname: Wildflower State or the "Golden State"
Other Australian states and territories
Capital Perth
Government Constitutional monarchy
Governor Ken Michael
Premier Alan Carpenter (ALP)
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Northern Territory
Flag Coat of Arms
Slogan or Nickname: The Territory, The NT, The Top End
Motto(s): none
Other Australian states and territories
Capital Darwin
Government Constitutional monarchy
Administrator Ted Egan
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Flag Coat of Arms
Slogan or Nickname: The Territory, The NT, The Top End
Motto(s): none
Other Australian states and territories
Capital Darwin
Government Constitutional monarchy
Administrator Ted Egan
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South Australia
Flag Coat of Arms
Slogan or Nickname: Festival State
Other Australian states and territories
Capital Adelaide
Government Constitutional monarchy
Governor Kevin Scarce
Premier Mike Rann (ALP)
Federal representation
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Flag Coat of Arms
Slogan or Nickname: Festival State
Other Australian states and territories
Capital Adelaide
Government Constitutional monarchy
Governor Kevin Scarce
Premier Mike Rann (ALP)
Federal representation
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Queensland
Flag Coat of Arms
Slogan or Nickname: Sunshine State, Smart State
Motto(s): "Audax at Fidelis" (Bold but Faithful)
Other Australian states and territories
Capital Brisbane
Government Constitutional monarchy
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Flag Coat of Arms
Slogan or Nickname: Sunshine State, Smart State
Motto(s): "Audax at Fidelis" (Bold but Faithful)
Other Australian states and territories
Capital Brisbane
Government Constitutional monarchy
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New South Wales
Flag Coat of Arms
Slogan or Nickname: First State, Premier State
Motto(s): "Orta Recens Quam Pura Nites"
(Newly Risen, How Brightly You Shine)
Other Australian states and territories
Capital Sydney
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Flag Coat of Arms
Slogan or Nickname: First State, Premier State
Motto(s): "Orta Recens Quam Pura Nites"
(Newly Risen, How Brightly You Shine)
Other Australian states and territories
Capital Sydney
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Australian Capital Territory
Flag
Slogan or Nickname: none
Motto(s): For the Queen, the Law and the People
Other Australian states and territories
Capital Canberra
Government Constitutional monarchy
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Flag
Slogan or Nickname: none
Motto(s): For the Queen, the Law and the People
Other Australian states and territories
Capital Canberra
Government Constitutional monarchy
..... Click the link for more information.
Victoria
Flag Coat of Arms
Slogan or Nickname: "Garden State", "The Place to Be"
Motto(s): "Peace and Prosperity"
Other Australian states and territories
Capital Melbourne
Government Constitutional monarchy
Governor David de Kretser
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Flag Coat of Arms
Slogan or Nickname: "Garden State", "The Place to Be"
Motto(s): "Peace and Prosperity"
Other Australian states and territories
Capital Melbourne
Government Constitutional monarchy
Governor David de Kretser
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Tasmania
Flag Coat of Arms
Slogan or Nickname: Island of Inspiration; The Apple Isle; Holiday Isle
Motto(s): "Ubertas et Fidelitas" (Fertility and Faithfulness)
Other Australian states and territories
Capital Hobart
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Flag Coat of Arms
Slogan or Nickname: Island of Inspiration; The Apple Isle; Holiday Isle
Motto(s): "Ubertas et Fidelitas" (Fertility and Faithfulness)
Other Australian states and territories
Capital Hobart
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Earth's oceans
(World Ocean)
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(World Ocean)
- Arctic Ocean
- Atlantic Ocean
- Indian Ocean
- Pacific Ocean
- Southern Ocean
- This article is about the water body. For the Indian fusion music band, see Indian Ocean (band).
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The Timor Sea (Indonesian: Laut Timor; Portuguese: Mar Timor) is an arm of the Indian Ocean situated between the island of Timor, now split between the states of Indonesia and East Timor, and the Northern Territory of Australia.
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Gulf of Carpentaria is a large, shallow sea enclosed on three sides by northern Australia and bounded on the north by the Arafura Sea (the body of water that lies between Australia and Indonesia).
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Arafura Sea is west of the Pacific Ocean overlying the continental shelf between Australia and New Guinea. It is bordered by Torres Strait and through that the Coral Sea to the east, the Gulf of Carpentaria to the south, the Timor Sea to the west and the Banda and Ceram seas to the
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Great Australian Bight is a large bight, or open bay located off the central and western portions of the southern coastline of mainland Australia. By definition of the International Hydrographic Bureau, the Great Australian Bight is part of the southeastern Indian Ocean and extends
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Tasman Sea is the large body of water between Australia and New Zealand, some 2000 kilometres (1250 miles) across. It is a south-western segment of the South Pacific Ocean.
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Bass Strait (IPA: /bæs/) is a sea strait separating Tasmania from the south of the Australian mainland (Victoria in particular). The first European to discover it was Matthew Flinders in 1798.
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The Coral Sea is a marginal sea off the north-east coast of Australia with a namesake chain of islands (uninhabited), including the Willis, Coringa, and Tregosse Islets and utslets.
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Perth
Western Australia
The Perth skyline viewed from the Swan River
Population:
• Density: 1,445,078 (Aug 2006 Census) 1,507,900 (Dec 2006) (4th)
280/km
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Western Australia
The Perth skyline viewed from the Swan River
Population:
• Density: 1,445,078 (Aug 2006 Census) 1,507,900 (Dec 2006) (4th)
280/km
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Adelaide
South Australia
Location of Adelaide within Australia
Population:
• Density: 1,105,839 (2006) (5th)
615/km
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South Australia
Location of Adelaide within Australia
Population:
• Density: 1,105,839 (2006) (5th)
615/km
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Melbourne
Victoria
Location of Melbourne in Australia
Population:
• Density: 3,744,373 (2006 estimate) (2nd)
479.
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Victoria
Location of Melbourne in Australia
Population:
• Density: 3,744,373 (2006 estimate) (2nd)
479.
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Canberra
Australian Capital Territory
Location of Canberra within Australia
Population:
• Density: 323,056 (2006 Census) (8th)
137.
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Australian Capital Territory
Location of Canberra within Australia
Population:
• Density: 323,056 (2006 Census) (8th)
137.
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Sydney
New South Wales
Location of Sydney within Australia
Population:
• Density: 4,280,190 (2006 Census) (1st)
345.
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New South Wales
Location of Sydney within Australia
Population:
• Density: 4,280,190 (2006 Census) (1st)
345.
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Brisbane
Queensland
Location of Brisbane within Australia
Population:
• Density: 1,848,000(Dec 2006) (3rd)
353.8/km
Established: 1824
Area: 4673.
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Queensland
Location of Brisbane within Australia
Population:
• Density: 1,848,000(Dec 2006) (3rd)
353.8/km
Established: 1824
Area: 4673.
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Earth's oceans
(World Ocean)
The Pacific Ocean (from the Latin name Mare Pacificum
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(World Ocean)
- Arctic Ocean
- Atlantic Ocean
- Indian Ocean
- Pacific Ocean
- Southern Ocean
The Pacific Ocean (from the Latin name Mare Pacificum
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Earth's oceans
(World Ocean)
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(World Ocean)
- Arctic Ocean
- Atlantic Ocean
- Indian Ocean
- Pacific Ocean
- Southern Ocean
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Hobart
Tasmania
Population:
• Density: 200,525 (2006)[1] (11th)
148.9/km
Established: 1803
Area: 1357.
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Tasmania
Population:
• Density: 200,525 (2006)[1] (11th)
148.9/km
Established: 1803
Area: 1357.
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Darwin
Northern Territory
Location of Darwin in Australia
Population:
• Density: 105,991 (2006)
35.1/km
Established: 1869
Area: 112.
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Northern Territory
Location of Darwin in Australia
Population:
• Density: 105,991 (2006)
35.1/km
Established: 1869
Area: 112.
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State Party Australia
Type Natural
Criteria vii, viii, ix, x
Reference 154
Region Asia-Pacific
Inscription History
Inscription 1981 (5th Session)
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Type Natural
Criteria vii, viii, ix, x
Reference 154
Region Asia-Pacific
Inscription History
Inscription 1981 (5th Session)
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New South Wales
Flag Coat of Arms
Slogan or Nickname: First State, Premier State
Motto(s): "Orta Recens Quam Pura Nites"
(Newly Risen, How Brightly You Shine)
Other Australian states and territories
Capital Sydney
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Flag Coat of Arms
Slogan or Nickname: First State, Premier State
Motto(s): "Orta Recens Quam Pura Nites"
(Newly Risen, How Brightly You Shine)
Other Australian states and territories
Capital Sydney
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