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Information about Speech Communication

Speech communication refers to the processes associated with the production and perception of sounds used in spoken language. A number of academic disciplines study speech and speech sounds, including acoustics, psychology, speech pathology, linguistics, and computer science.

Speech production

Main article: Speech production
In linguistics (articulatory phonetics), manner of articulation describes how the tongue, lips, and other speech organs are involved in making a sound make contact. Often the concept is only used for the production of consonants. For any place of articulation, there may be several manners, and therefore several homorganic consonants.

Speech perception

Main article: Speech perception
Speech perception refers to the processes by which humans are able to interpret and understand the sounds used in language. The study of speech perception is closely linked to the fields of phonetics and phonology in linguistics and cognitive psychology and perception in psychology. Research in speech perception seeks to understand how human listeners recognize speech sounds and use this information to understand spoken language. Speech research has applications in building computer systems that can recognize speech, as well as improving speech recognition for hearing- and language-impaired listeners.

Problems involving speech

See also: Speech pathology


There are several biological and psychological factors that can affect speech. Among these are:
  1. Diseases and disorders of the lungs or the vocal cords, including paralysis, respiratory infections, vocal fold nodules and cancers of the lungs and throat.
  2. Diseases and disorders of the brain, including alogia, aphasias, dysarthria, dystonia and speech processing disorders, where impaired motor planning, nerve transmission, phonological processing or perception of the message (as opposed to the actual sound) leads to poor speech production.
  3. Hearing problems, such as otitis media effusion can lead to phonological problems.
  4. Articulatory problems, such as stuttering, lisping, cleft palate, ataxia, or nerve damage leading to problems in articulation. Tourette syndrome and tics can also affect speech.
  5. In addition to aphasias, anomia and certain types of dyslexia can impede the quality of auditory perception, and therefore, expression. Hearing impairments and deafness can be considered to fall into this category.

See also

manner of articulation describes how the tongue, lips, and other speech organs are involved in making a sound make contact. Often the concept is only used for the production of consonants.
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Speech perception refers to the processes by which humans are able to interpret and understand the sounds used in language. The study of speech perception is closely linked to the fields of phonetics and phonology in linguistics and cognitive psychology and perception in psychology.
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Sound is a disturbance of mechanical energy that propagates through matter as a wave (through fluids as a compression wave, and through solids as both compression and shear waves).
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A spoken language is a human natural language in which the words are uttered through the mouth. Most human languages are spoken languages.

Speech communication stands in contrast to sign language and written language.
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Acoustics is the branch of physics concerned with the study of sound (mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids). A scientist who works in the field of acoustics is an acoustician. The application of acoustics in technology is called acoustical engineering.
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Psychology (from Greek: Literally "talk about the soul" (from logos)) is both an academic and applied discipline involving the scientific study of mental processes and behavior.
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    Speech-language pathology (SLP) in the United States and Canada
  • Speech and language therapy (SLT) in the United Kingdom, Ireland and South Africa
  • Speech pathology in Australia
  • Speech-language therapy in New Zealand

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For the journal, see .
Linguistics is the scientific study of language, which can be theoretical or applied. Someone who engages in this study is called a linguist.
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Computer science, or computing science, is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems.
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manner of articulation describes how the tongue, lips, and other speech organs are involved in making a sound make contact. Often the concept is only used for the production of consonants.
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Speech perception refers to the processes by which humans are able to interpret and understand the sounds used in language. The study of speech perception is closely linked to the fields of phonetics and phonology in linguistics and cognitive psychology and perception in psychology.
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    Speech-language pathology (SLP) in the United States and Canada
  • Speech and language therapy (SLT) in the United Kingdom, Ireland and South Africa
  • Speech pathology in Australia
  • Speech-language therapy in New Zealand

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lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity.[1]]]

The lung is the essential respiration organ in air-breathing vertebrates, the most primitive being the lungfish.
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The vocal folds, also known popularly as vocal cords, are composed of twin infoldings of mucous membrane stretched horizontally across the larynx. They vibrate, modulating the flow of air being expelled from the lungs during phonation.
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Paralysis is the complete loss of muscle function for one or more muscle groups. Paralysis often includes loss of feeling in the affected area.

Causes

Paralysis is most often caused by damage to the nervous system or brain, especially the spinal cord.
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Vocal fold nodule
Classification & external resources

Histopathologic image of vocal fold nodule or polyp. Biopsy specimen. H & E stain.
ICD-10 J 38.2
ICD-9 478.
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If you are prevented from editing this page, and you wish to make a change, please discuss changes on the talk page, request unprotection, log in, or .
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In animals, the brain or encephalon (Greek for "in the skull"), is the control center of the central nervous system, responsible for behavior. The brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing,
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For the progressive metal band, see .
In psychology, alogia (Greek α-, “without”, and λόγος, “speech”[1]), or poverty of speech
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MeSH D001037

Aphasia (or aphemia) is a loss of the ability to produce and/or comprehend language, due to injury to brain areas specialized for these functions. It is not a result of deficits in sensory, intellect, or psychiatric functioning.
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MeSH D004401

Dysarthria is a speech disorder resulting from neurological injury, characterised by poor articulation (cf aphasia: disorder of the content of speech).
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Dystonia
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 G 24.9
ICD-9 333

DiseasesDB 17912

MeSH D004421 Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder in which sustained muscle contractions cause twisting and repetitive movements or
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Speech processing is the study of speech signals and the processing methods of these signals.

The signals are usually processed in a digital representation whereby speech processing can be seen as the intersection of digital signal processing and natural language processing.
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Otitis media
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 H65-H67
ICD-9 381 - 382

eMedicine EMERG/351   Otitis media is inflammation of the middle ear: the small space between the ear drum and the inner ear.
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MeSH D013342 Stuttering, also known as stammering in the United Kingdom, is a speech disorder in which the flow of speech is disrupted by involuntary repetitions and prolongations of sounds, syllables, words or phrases, and involuntary silent pauses or blocks in which
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Lisp
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 F 80.8
ICD-9 307.9

For the programming language, see .
A lisp (O E wlisp, stammering)[1] is a speech impediment, historically also known as
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Cleft lip and cleft palate, which can also occur together as cleft lip and palate are variations of a type of clefting congenital deformity caused by abnormal facial development during gestation. This type of deformity is sometimes referred to as a cleft.
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Ataxia From Greek αν (used as a negative prefix) + τάξις (order), meaning "lack of order". It is a neurological sign and symptom consisting of gross incoordination of muscle movements.
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A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons (the long, slender projection of a neuron). Neurons are sometimes called nerve cells, though this term is technically imprecise since many neurons do not form nerves, and nerves also include the glial cells that
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Articulation may refer to:
  • Articulation (music)
  • Articulation (education)
  • Articulation (sociology)
  • Articulation (anatomy)
In speech:
  • Topic-focus articulation
  • Articulation score
  • Place of articulation
  • Manner of articulation

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