Information about Spatial Network
A spatial network is a network of spatial elements. In physical space (which typically includes urban or building space) spatial networks are derived from maps of open space within the urban context or building. One might think of the 'space map' as being the negative image of the standard map, with the open space cut out of the background buildings or walls. The space map is then broken into units; most simply, these might be road segments. The road segments (the nodes of the graph) can be linked into a network via their intersections (the edges of a graph). A common instance of a spatial network , the transportation network analysis, reverses this and treats the road segments as edges and the street intersections as nodes in the graph.
More generally, the term 'spatial network' has come to be used to describe any network in which the links (or potential links) between nodes are constrained by the location of the nodes in some kind of 'space'. In this situation the topology of the network can be considered exogenous to the model. This more general notion of spatial network is currently receiving considerable interest from those looking at scale-free networks, complex networks and small world networks.
One definition of spatial network derives from the theory of space syntax. It can be notoriously difficult to decide what a spatial element should be in complex spaces involving large open areas or many interconnected paths. The originators of space syntax, Bill Hillier and Julienne Hanson use axial lines and convex spaces as the spatial elements. Loosely, an axial line is the 'longest line of sight and access' through open space, and a convex space the 'maximal convex polygon' that can be drawn in open space. Each of these elements is defined by the geometry of the local boundary in different regions of the space map. Decomposition of a space map into a complete set of intersecting axial lines or overlapping convex spaces produces the axial map or overlapping convex map respectively. Algorithmic definitions of these maps exist, and this allows the mapping from an arbitrary shaped space map to a network amenable to graph mathematics to be carried out in a relatively well defined manner. Axial maps are used to analyse urban networks, where the system generally comprises linear segments, whereas convex maps are more often used to analyse building plans where space patterns are often more convexly articulated, however both convex and axial maps may be used in either situation.
Currently, there is a move within the space syntax community to integrate better with geographic information systems (GIS), and much of the software they produce interlinks with commercially available GIS systems.
More generally, the term 'spatial network' has come to be used to describe any network in which the links (or potential links) between nodes are constrained by the location of the nodes in some kind of 'space'. In this situation the topology of the network can be considered exogenous to the model. This more general notion of spatial network is currently receiving considerable interest from those looking at scale-free networks, complex networks and small world networks.
One definition of spatial network derives from the theory of space syntax. It can be notoriously difficult to decide what a spatial element should be in complex spaces involving large open areas or many interconnected paths. The originators of space syntax, Bill Hillier and Julienne Hanson use axial lines and convex spaces as the spatial elements. Loosely, an axial line is the 'longest line of sight and access' through open space, and a convex space the 'maximal convex polygon' that can be drawn in open space. Each of these elements is defined by the geometry of the local boundary in different regions of the space map. Decomposition of a space map into a complete set of intersecting axial lines or overlapping convex spaces produces the axial map or overlapping convex map respectively. Algorithmic definitions of these maps exist, and this allows the mapping from an arbitrary shaped space map to a network amenable to graph mathematics to be carried out in a relatively well defined manner. Axial maps are used to analyse urban networks, where the system generally comprises linear segments, whereas convex maps are more often used to analyse building plans where space patterns are often more convexly articulated, however both convex and axial maps may be used in either situation.
Currently, there is a move within the space syntax community to integrate better with geographic information systems (GIS), and much of the software they produce interlinks with commercially available GIS systems.
See also
graph is the basic object of study in graph theory. Informally speaking, a graph is a set of objects called points, nodes, or vertices connected by links called lines or edges.
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graph is the basic object of study in graph theory. Informally speaking, a graph is a set of objects called points, nodes, or vertices connected by links called lines or edges.
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A transportation network is a type of directed, weighted graph or network.
Transportation networks are used to model the flow of commodity, information, or traffic (see transport network).
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Transportation networks are used to model the flow of commodity, information, or traffic (see transport network).
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A scale-free network is a noteworthy kind of complex network because many "real-world networks" fall into this category. For purposes of this article, "real-world" refers to any of various observable phenomena that exhibit network theoretic characteristics (see e.g.
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In the context of Network theory, the term "complex network" refers to a network (graph) that has certain non-trivial topological features that do not occur in simple networks.
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In mathematics and physics, a small-world network is a type of mathematical graph in which most nodes are not neighbors of one another, but most nodes can be reached from every other by a small number of hops or steps.
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The term space syntax encompasses a set of theories and techniques for the analysis of spatial configurations. Originally it was conceived by Bill Hillier, Julienne Hanson and colleagues at The Bartlett, University College London in the late 1970s to early 1980s as a tool to help
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A transport network, or transportation network in American English, is typically a network roads, streets, pipes, aqueducts, power lines, or nearly any structure which permits either vehicular movement or flow of some commodity.
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building may refer to one of the following:
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- Any man-made structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or continuous occupancy, or
- An act of construction.
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geographic information system (GIS) (also known as geographical information system, particularly in the UK, and geomatics in Canada) is a system for capturing, storing, analyzing and managing data and associated attributes which are spatially referenced to the
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Spatial network analysis software are computer tools used to prepare various graph-based analysis of spatial networks. They stem from the research field of space syntax in the domain of architecture, although they can now be used to analyse road networks over an entire continent.
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Spatial network analysis software are computer tools used to prepare various graph-based analysis of spatial networks. They stem from the research field of space syntax in the domain of architecture, although they can now be used to analyse road networks over an entire continent.
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