Information about Santa Catarina (state)
Santa Catarina ( pron. IPA: ['sɐ̃.ta ka.ta.'ɾi.na] [1]) is a state in southern Brazil with one of the highest standards of living in the country. Its capital is Florianópolis, which mostly lies on the Santa Catarina Island.
Neighboring states are Rio Grande do Sul to the south and Paraná to the north. It is bounded on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the west it borders the province of Misiones, Argentina.
Most of its inhabitants are descendants of Portuguese, German and Italian immigrants.
Joinville is its largest city.
The Serra Geral, a southern extension of the Serra do Mar, runs north and south through the state parallel to the Atlantic coast, dividing the state between a narrow coastal plain and a larger plateau region to the west.
The Atlantic coast of Santa Catarina has many beaches, islands, bays, inlets, and lagoons. The humid tropical Serra do Mar coastal forests cover the narrow coastal zone, which is crossed by numerous short streams from the wooded slopes of the serras.
The central part of the state is home to the Araucaria moist forests, dominated by emergent Brazilian pines (Araucaria angustifolia). The drainage of the plateau is westward to the Paraná River, the rivers being tributaries of the Iguaçu, which forms its northern boundary, and of the Uruguay, which forms its southern boundary. The semi-deciduous Paraná-Paraíba interior forests occupy the westernmost valleys of the Iguaçu and Uruguay rivers.
European settlement began with the Spanish settlement of Santa Catarina island in 1542. The Portuguese took control in 1675. The captaincy of Santa Catarina was established in 1738. Large numbers of European immigrants, especially from Germany, began arriving in the early 19th century. Immigrants from Italy, Poland, Russia, Ukraine, Japan and other parts of Europe later arrived, with one result being an abundance of small, family held farms in the state's interior. In late March 2004, the state was hit by the first ever hurricane recorded in the South Atlantic. Because there is no naming system for such an event in Brazil, Brazilian meteorologists called it Catarina, after the state.
The majority of the Whites of the state is of German, Italian and Portuguese descent. The Pardos are a mixture of Europeans with the Blacks and Amerindians, varying of clear to dark, being able to have a yellowish or brown skin. The Blacks are of African descent.
Source: PNAD.
Germans had been isolated in rural communities for decades. They did not have much contact with other people of Brazil, and for generations they were able to speak German and keep their German traditions in Brazil. This situation changed in the 1930s, when Brazil declared war against Germany in 1942, and the German immigrants were required to learn Portuguese and to follow a Brazilian way of life. Nowadays, the German influence in the State of Santa Catarina is still very strong and visible. Many towns, especially the small ones, still retain many aspects of the German culture, such as Pomerode, a small town where 90% of the population are of German-Brazilian heritage and most of the inhabitants speak German fluently or the Oktoberfest of Blumenau and many other towns in the region. The architecture also shows German influence, which is also evident in people's customs and food.
Santa Catarina has one of the highest standards of living in Brazil- comparable to the Iberian Peninsula countries, and is a major industrial and agricultural center.
In the northeast of the state, electric-mechanical, textile and furniture industries are stronger; in the west, cattle and poultry breeding, and in the south, ceramics and shellfishes.
The corridor between Joinville, Jaragua do Sul and Blumenau is heavily industrialized - more than 50% of the state's industrial output is concentrated in this small, but very developed area.
Santa Catarina has some of the most beautiful beaches in Brazil - Summer months (Dec-Mar) make the state one of the most sought-after travel destinations in Brazil and South America. Tens of thousands of Argentines and Paraguayans flock to the state's beaches from mid December to late January.
The major cities and their respective fields are:
Santa Catarina is not just a summer destination. The State which was initially known for its beautiful coastline with more than 500 beaches grew to acknowledge that its geographic and cultural diversity was also a big tourist attraction and as a result, tourists can today enjoy contrasting sceneries and climates which are very close to each other – only two hours by car separate paradisiacal beaches from some 2000 meters-high mountains.
Santa Catarina offers a number of products and specialized segments throughout the year: rural tourism, thermal mineral resorts, ecological tourism and adventure sports, historic monuments and sights, religious tourism, Beto Carrero World and Unipraias parks) and the unforgettable beach resort of Balneário Camboriú.
Some of the products can only be sold in the off-season, like the snow spectacle on the Catarinense Mountain Range - the only place in Brazil where it snows every year. This region is the birthplace of rural tourism, has farm hotels with trout fishing in the ice-cold rivers, horse riding, trekking and outdoor sports activities.
Between July and November, the Right whales visit the state's coast – and the number of tourists wishing to see this spectacle has increased year after year.
The big festivities are in October. The main Oktoberfest in Blumenau is Brazil's largest and the world's second largest (after Germany's Munich).
Joinville is the host city of the July "Joinville Dance Festival", the annual "Festival of Flowers" in November which showcases orchids produced in the region, and several business events in its Convention Center.
Florianópolis the city/island State Capital attracts a large numbers of tourists during the summer months lured by its 42 beaches.
Santa Catarina has one of the most beautiful coastlines in Brazil, with one very busy beach resort: Balneário Camboriú.
There are also many smaller resort towns, including Itapema, Piçarras, Barra Velha and Penha, home to the famous amusement park "Beto Carrero World".
The Autoctone Languages or Indigenous Languages: Kaingang; Guaraní; others...
The Extoctone Languages or Immigration Languages: German (Hunsrückisch, Pomeranian Pommersch/Plautdietsch); Italian (Italian or Venetian), Ukrainian (Ukrainian ; others (Polish, etc.)
In some cities and villages, German and Ukrainian are still the first spoken language.
Other important cities See also:
Today there are movements in South Brazil that claim for independence, like O Sul é o Meu País (The South is my country)[3]. But the movement is very weak and not taken seriously by the most of the population.
Paraná (pron. IPA: [pa.ɾa.'na] [1]
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Neighboring states are Rio Grande do Sul to the south and Paraná to the north. It is bounded on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the west it borders the province of Misiones, Argentina.
Most of its inhabitants are descendants of Portuguese, German and Italian immigrants.
Joinville is its largest city.
Geography
Santa Catarina is in a very strategic position in Mercosur, the South American Common Market. Its position in the map is situated between the parallel 25º57'41" and 29º23'55" of the Southern latitude and between the meridians 48º19'37" and 53º50'00" of Western longitude. Florianópolis, its Capital, is 1.673 km from Brasilia, 705 km from São Paulo, 1.144 km from Rio de Janeiro and 1.850 km from Buenos Aires.The Serra Geral, a southern extension of the Serra do Mar, runs north and south through the state parallel to the Atlantic coast, dividing the state between a narrow coastal plain and a larger plateau region to the west.
)
Araucária forest is a typical vegetation of plateau.
The central part of the state is home to the Araucaria moist forests, dominated by emergent Brazilian pines (Araucaria angustifolia). The drainage of the plateau is westward to the Paraná River, the rivers being tributaries of the Iguaçu, which forms its northern boundary, and of the Uruguay, which forms its southern boundary. The semi-deciduous Paraná-Paraíba interior forests occupy the westernmost valleys of the Iguaçu and Uruguay rivers.
History
)
Snow in the Planalto Serrano.
European settlement began with the Spanish settlement of Santa Catarina island in 1542. The Portuguese took control in 1675. The captaincy of Santa Catarina was established in 1738. Large numbers of European immigrants, especially from Germany, began arriving in the early 19th century. Immigrants from Italy, Poland, Russia, Ukraine, Japan and other parts of Europe later arrived, with one result being an abundance of small, family held farms in the state's interior. In late March 2004, the state was hit by the first ever hurricane recorded in the South Atlantic. Because there is no naming system for such an event in Brazil, Brazilian meteorologists called it Catarina, after the state.
Demographics
Ethnic groups
According to the IBGE of 2006, there were 5.873.749 people residing in the state. The population density was 53.4 inh./km². The last PNAD (National Research for Sample of Domiciles) census revealed the following numbers: 5.174.772 million White people (88.1%), 610 thousand Pardo (Brown) people (10.4%), 305 thousand Black people (5.2%), 11 thousand Asian or Amerindian people (0.2%).[2])
The majority of the Whites of the state is of German, Italian and Portuguese descent. The Pardos are a mixture of Europeans with the Blacks and Amerindians, varying of clear to dark, being able to have a yellowish or brown skin. The Blacks are of African descent.
Source: PNAD.
European settlement
Santa Catarina is one of the Brazilian states that exhibits the most signs of recent European immigration. The vast majority of the population are descendants of European settlers.Portuguese
The Portuguese started arriving in the 1750s, mainly from the Azores islands, and colonized the coast. In the late 18th century, half of Santa Catarina's population was Portuguese-born. These Portuguese established many important towns of the State, such as Florianópolis, the capital.Germans
Germans started arriving in 1828. They were peasants that were attracted to Brazil to get their own lands, since Germany was overpopulated and many people had no lands to work. German immigration was very low, until the 1850s, when waves of Germans started arriving in Southern Brazil. To stimulate the development of the German colonization in Southern Brazil, the Brazilian government created many German colonies. These colonies were ethnically Germanic areas, where people from many parts of Germany settled. Initially, these colonies were rural lands, where the immigrants were able to cultivate their own lands. Many of these German colonies had a great development and became big towns, such as Blumenau and Joinville, the largest city in Santa Catarina.Germans had been isolated in rural communities for decades. They did not have much contact with other people of Brazil, and for generations they were able to speak German and keep their German traditions in Brazil. This situation changed in the 1930s, when Brazil declared war against Germany in 1942, and the German immigrants were required to learn Portuguese and to follow a Brazilian way of life. Nowadays, the German influence in the State of Santa Catarina is still very strong and visible. Many towns, especially the small ones, still retain many aspects of the German culture, such as Pomerode, a small town where 90% of the population are of German-Brazilian heritage and most of the inhabitants speak German fluently or the Oktoberfest of Blumenau and many other towns in the region. The architecture also shows German influence, which is also evident in people's customs and food.
)
Stone house in Nova Veneza, in the south, landmark of Italian immigration.
Italians
Italian settlers started arriving in Santa Catarina in 1875 and immigrated in large numbers until the 1910s. They were peasants from Northern Italy and established themselves in ethnically Italian colonies close to the coast. In the beginning, the Italian settlement had failed, because many Italians died of tropical diseases or left the colonies to find better conditions. However, in Vale do Tubarão region (southern Santa Catarina), Italian immigrants found cooler weather and better lands, and the colonies prospered. Many Italians worked in the coal industry and, unlike the German immigrants, they did not dedicate themselves very much to agriculture. As they were not isolated in rural colonies, Italian immigrants were quickly integrated into the Brazilians of Portuguese descent, that were living there since the 18th century. Nowadays, a great deal of italian descendents in the state have a double citizenship, mainly in the southern region, around Criciúma.Education
Portuguese language is the official language of schools. But English language and Spanish language are part of the official high school curriculum.Colleges and universities
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC);
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC);
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL);
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI);
- Universodade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (Unoesc);
- Universidade do Planalto de Santa Catarina (Uniplac);
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (Unesc);
- and many others.
Infrastructure
International airport
Florianópolis is served by Hercílio Luz International Airport for both domestic and international flights. The traffic has grown significantly at the airport and therefore the city will shortly receive a new airport able to serve 2.7 million passengers a year. The architectural design of the new airport was chosen by a public competition held by Infraero in partnership with the Brazilian Architects Institute (IAB). Among the over 150 original entries, the proposal of São Paulo architect Mário Bizelli was chosen. The construction work will be tendered in 2005 and should be finished in two years.Economy
)
Santa Catarina has one of the highest standards of living in Brazil- comparable to the Iberian Peninsula countries, and is a major industrial and agricultural center.
In the northeast of the state, electric-mechanical, textile and furniture industries are stronger; in the west, cattle and poultry breeding, and in the south, ceramics and shellfishes.
The corridor between Joinville, Jaragua do Sul and Blumenau is heavily industrialized - more than 50% of the state's industrial output is concentrated in this small, but very developed area.
Santa Catarina has some of the most beautiful beaches in Brazil - Summer months (Dec-Mar) make the state one of the most sought-after travel destinations in Brazil and South America. Tens of thousands of Argentines and Paraguayans flock to the state's beaches from mid December to late January.
The major cities and their respective fields are:
- 1. Joinville, metal-mechanic; tourism/events; software; commerce.
- 2. Florianópolis, tourism; government; technology; education.
- 3. Blumenau, software, textile and beer.
- 4. São José.
- 5. Criciúma, ceramics.
- 6. Chapecó, cattle and poultry breeding.
- 7. Lages.
- 8. Itajai, seaport.
- 9. Jaraguá do Sul, electric motors and textile.
- 10. Palhoça
- 11. Balneário Camboriú major beach resort.
- 12. Tubarão.
- 13. Brusque, textile.
- 14. São Bento do Sul, furniture.
Tourism and leisure all year round
)
)
Itajaí at afternoon.
Santa Catarina offers a number of products and specialized segments throughout the year: rural tourism, thermal mineral resorts, ecological tourism and adventure sports, historic monuments and sights, religious tourism, Beto Carrero World and Unipraias parks) and the unforgettable beach resort of Balneário Camboriú.
Some of the products can only be sold in the off-season, like the snow spectacle on the Catarinense Mountain Range - the only place in Brazil where it snows every year. This region is the birthplace of rural tourism, has farm hotels with trout fishing in the ice-cold rivers, horse riding, trekking and outdoor sports activities.
Between July and November, the Right whales visit the state's coast – and the number of tourists wishing to see this spectacle has increased year after year.
The big festivities are in October. The main Oktoberfest in Blumenau is Brazil's largest and the world's second largest (after Germany's Munich).
Joinville is the host city of the July "Joinville Dance Festival", the annual "Festival of Flowers" in November which showcases orchids produced in the region, and several business events in its Convention Center.
Florianópolis the city/island State Capital attracts a large numbers of tourists during the summer months lured by its 42 beaches.
Santa Catarina has one of the most beautiful coastlines in Brazil, with one very busy beach resort: Balneário Camboriú.
There are also many smaller resort towns, including Itapema, Piçarras, Barra Velha and Penha, home to the famous amusement park "Beto Carrero World".
Sports
)
Criciúma's soccer stadium and partial downtown.
Football
There are two professional football teams in the city. Both of them have 13 Santa Catarina State Championship titles, which is a state record. The derby between them is known as "O Clássico da Capital" ("The Capital's Classic").- Figueirense FC - black and white. Its nickname is Figueira ("Figtree") and it is also known as O Furacão do Estreito ("The Estreito's Hurricane"). Its stadium is the Orlando Scarpelli, located in the Estreito neighborhood, in the continental part of the city. Figueirense is currently playing the Brazilian first division.
- Avaí FC - blue and white. It is also known as O Leão da Ilha ("The Lion of the Island"). Its stadium is the Aderbal Ramos da Silva, popularly known as Ressacada, located in the Carianos neighborhood, in the south part of the island. Avaí is currently playing the Brazilian national second division.
Tennis
Florianópolis is the hometown of tennis star Gustavo Kuerten.Surf
The island is generally considered to be blessed with the best and most consistent waves in Brazil, and in early November of each year hosts what is currently South America's only ASP (Association of Surfing Professionals) World Championship Tour professional surfing competition. Brazil has played host to many an ASP tour event over the past 30 years. Former contest sites include Rio de Janeiro, Barra de Tijuca and Saquarema, but the past four years have seen the tour set up shop in Florianopolis. Falling towards the end of the tour, the past few years have seen several ASP world champions crowned in Brazil. In 2004 it was Andy Irons, and in 2005 it was Kelly Slater (who had his 2006 ASP World Title already stitched up by Brazil).Minority languages
The minority languages of the state of Santa Catarina can be divided into two distinct groups:The Autoctone Languages or Indigenous Languages: Kaingang; Guaraní; others...
The Extoctone Languages or Immigration Languages: German (Hunsrückisch, Pomeranian Pommersch/Plautdietsch); Italian (Italian or Venetian), Ukrainian (Ukrainian ; others (Polish, etc.)
In some cities and villages, German and Ukrainian are still the first spoken language.
Main cities
Other important cities See also:
- List of cities in Brazil (all cities and municipalities)
Independence
The Catarina Republic or Juliana Republic was a short-lived state proclaimed in 1839 and which was dissolved in 1840. Rebel forces defeated monarchist forces in Santa Caterina State and attempted to set up an independent nation. Shortly thereafter a monarchist force defeated the rebels and put an end to the republic.Today there are movements in South Brazil that claim for independence, like O Sul é o Meu País (The South is my country)[3]. But the movement is very weak and not taken seriously by the most of the population.
Notes
1. ^ The presented pronunciation is in Brazilian Portuguese. The European Portuguese pronunciation is: /'sɐ̃.tɐ kɐ.tɐ.'ɾi.nɐ/.
2. ^ Demographics
3. ^ [1] Movimento O Sul é o meu País
2. ^ Demographics
3. ^ [1] Movimento O Sul é o meu País
References
External links
- (Portuguese) Official homepage
- Recanto das Águas Hotel e SPA - Nature and Culture
- Official Hotel Guide; Webhotel.
- Brazilian Embassy in London
- Polícia Militar do Estado de Santa Catarina (Santa Catarina's State Military Police)
- (German) Video about Santa Catarina
- Santa Catarina enterprise profile, in twelve languages
- Santa Catarina tourist profile, in three languages
- Caterina Republic
States of Brazil |
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| Acre Alagoas Amap Amazonas Bahia Cear Esprito Santo Brazilian Federal District Gois Maranho Mato Grosso Mato Grosso do Sul Minas Gerais Par Paraba Paran Pernambuco Piau Rio de Janeiro Rio Grande do Norte Rio Grande do Sul Rondnia Roraima Santa Catarina So Paulo Sergipe Tocantins |
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International Phonetic Alphabet
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The International
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Extended IPA
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IPA for English The
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The International
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Nonstandard symbols
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IPA for English The
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Brazil
This article is part of the series:
Politics of Brazil
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This article is part of the series:
Politics of Brazil
- Constitution
- Executive Branch
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Motto
Ordem e Progresso (Portuguese)
"Order and Progress"
Anthem
Hino Nacional Brasileiro
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Ordem e Progresso (Portuguese)
"Order and Progress"
Anthem
Hino Nacional Brasileiro
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Florianópolis
View of Beira-Mar Norte
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Nickname: Floripa
Location in Brazil
Coordinates:
Country Brazil
Region
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View of Beira-Mar Norte
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Nickname: Floripa
Location in Brazil
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Santa Catarina Island (Portuguese: Ilha de Santa Catarina) is an island in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina. The island covers 523 km² and is the site of the state capital Florianópolis as well as numerous beach resorts, such as Canasvieiras and Cachoeira do Bom
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Rio Grande do Sul ( pron. IPA: [ʁiu 'gɾɐ̃.de do suɫ];[1] lit.
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- Other meanings: Paraná, Argentina, Paraná River
Paraná (pron. IPA: [pa.ɾa.'na] [1]
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Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions; with a total area of about 106.4 million square kilometres (41.1 million square miles), it covers approximately one-fifth of the Earth's surface.
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Misiones is one of the 23 provinces of Argentina, located in the northeastern corner of the country in the Mesopotamia region. It is surrounded by Paraguay to the northwest, Brazil to the north and east, and Corrientes Province of Argentina to the southwest.
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Motto
En unión y libertad (Spanish)
"In Union and Freedom"
Anthem
Himno Nacional Argentino
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En unión y libertad (Spanish)
"In Union and Freedom"
Anthem
Himno Nacional Argentino
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Portuguese people (Portuguese: os portugueses; literally the Portuguese) are the ethnic group or nation native to the country of Portugal, in the west of the Iberian peninsula of south-west Europe.
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Germans (German: Deutsche) are defined as an ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, citizenship, speaking the German language as a mother tongue and being born in Germany.
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120 - 140 million (est.)
Regions with significant populations Italy 56 million (95% population of Italy)
Brazil [1]
Argentina
United States [2]
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Regions with significant populations Italy 56 million (95% population of Italy)
Brazil [1]
Argentina
United States [2]
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Joinville is a city in Santa Catarina State, Southern Region of Brazil. Joinville is Santa Catarina's largest city. In 2006 its population was about 500,000, of whom the majority is of German descent.
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Associate members
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5
Bolivia
Chile
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Florianópolis
View of Beira-Mar Norte
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Seal
Nickname: Floripa
Location in Brazil
Coordinates:
Country Brazil
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View of Beira-Mar Norte
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Nickname: Floripa
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Country Brazil
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Brasilia
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Nickname: BSB
Location of Brasília
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Region Central-West
State Distrito Federal
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Location of Brasília
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Region Central-West
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São Paulo
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Coat of arms
Nickname: Terra da Garoa (Land of Drizzle) and Sampa
Motto: "Non dvcor, dvco"
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São Paulo skyline
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Nickname: Terra da Garoa (Land of Drizzle) and Sampa
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Rio de Janeiro
Rio at night.
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Nickname: Cidade Maravilhosa ("The Marvelous City") or simply, Rio
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Rio at night.
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Nickname: Cidade Maravilhosa ("The Marvelous City") or simply, Rio
Location of Rio de Janeiro
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Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires
The Nueve de Julio Avenue, named in honor of Argentine Independence Day (July 9, 1816)
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Buenos Aires
The Nueve de Julio Avenue, named in honor of Argentine Independence Day (July 9, 1816)
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The Serra Geral is a mountain range in southern Brazil, constituting the southern portion of the Serra do Mar system which runs along Brazil's southeastern coast. The Serra Geral runs parallel to the Atlantic coast in Santa Catarina and northern Rio Grande do Sul states, separating
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Serra do Mar (Portuguese for Mountain Range of the Sea) is a 1,500 km long system of mountain ranges and escarpments in Southeastern Brazil, which runs in parallel to the Atlantic Ocean coast, from the state of Espírito Santo to Santa Catarina.
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Biome: Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
Realm: Neotropical
WWF ID: NT0160
Size: 104,800 square kilometers
The Serra do Mar coastal forests
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Realm: Neotropical
WWF ID: NT0160
Size: 104,800 square kilometers
The Serra do Mar coastal forests
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The Araucaria moist forests are a subtropical moist forest ecoregion of southern Brazil and northeastern Argentina.
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Setting
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A. angustifolia
Binomial name
Araucaria angustifolia
(Bertol.) Kuntze
Araucaria angustifolia (Portuguese: pinheiro-do-paraná, Spanish: pino paraná
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Binomial name
Araucaria angustifolia
(Bertol.) Kuntze
Araucaria angustifolia (Portuguese: pinheiro-do-paraná, Spanish: pino paraná
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Paraná River (Río Paraná in Spanish, Rio Paraná in Portuguese) is a river in south central South America, running through Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina over a course of some 2,570 kilometers (1,600 miles).
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Iguazu River (Portuguese: Rio Iguaçu, Spanish: Río Iguazú) has its source in the Serra do Mar (Mountains by the Sea) in the Brazilian state of Paraná to finish over a thousand kilometers southeast at the Paraná River, in the triple border with Paraguay and
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Uruguay River (in Spanish, Río Uruguay, pronounced [uɾuˈɣwaj], in Portuguese, Rio Uruguai, pronounced [uɾuˈgwaj]
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The Paraná-Paraíba interior forests, also known as the Alta Paraná Atlantic forests, is a tropical moist forest ecoregion of southern Brazil, northeastern Argentina, and eastern Paraguay.
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