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illustration of otolith organs showing detail of utricle, ococonia, endolymph, cupula, macula, hair cell filaments, and saccular nerve
Latinsacculus
subject #232 1052
MeSH Saccule+and+Utricle
Located within the vestibular system of the inner ear, the saccule is one of the otoliths which gathers sensory information to orient the body. The saccule primarily gathers sensory information about linear movement in the vertical plane. The saccule, or sacculus, is the smaller of the two vestibular sacs; it is globular in form, and lies in the recessus sphæricus near the opening of the scala vestibuli of the cochlea.

Its anterior part exhibits an oval thickening, the macula acustica sacculi, to which are distributed the saccular filaments of the acoustic nerve.

Its cavity does not directly communicate with that of the utricle.

From the posterior wall a canal, the ductus endolymphaticus, is given off; this duct is joined by the ductus utriculosaccularis, and then passes along the aquæductus vestibuli and ends in a blind pouch (saccus endolymphaticus) on the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, where it is in contact with the dura mater.

From the lower part of the saccule a short tube, the canalis reuniens of Hensen, passes downward and opens into the ductus cochlearis near its vestibular extremity.

See also

Additional images


The membranous labyrinth.

Vestibular system


External links

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.
 •  • [ e]
Sensory system: Auditory and Vestibular systems
Outer earPinna (Helix, Antihelix, Tragus, Antitragus, Earlobe) • Ear canal
Middle earEardrum • Ossicles (Malleus, Incus & Stapes) • Stapedius • Tensor tympani • Eustachian tube (Torus tubarius)
Inner ear/LabyrinthBony labyrinth (Vestibule) • Membranous labyrinth
Oval window • Helicotrema • Round window
Cochlea: Spiral ganglion • Modiolus • Cochlear duct/scala media (Endolymph, Stria vascularis, Spiral ligament, Organ of Corti) • Scala vestibuli and Scala tympani (Perilymph)
Reissner's/vestibular membrane • Basilar membrane • Tectorial membrane
Organ of Corti: Hair cells • Stereocilia • Sulcus spiralis (externus, internus) • Limbus spiralis
Vestibular systemStatic/translations: Utricle (Macula) - Saccule (Macula, Endolymphatic sac, Endolymphatic duct) - Kinocilium - Otolith
Kinetic/rotations: Semicircular canals (Superior, Posterior, Horizontal) • Cupula • Ampullae (Crista ampullaris)
Brain (auditory)Cochlear nerve VIII → Cochlear nuclei → Superior olivary nuclei → Lateral lemniscus → Inferior colliculi → Medial geniculate nuclei → Primary auditory cortex
Utricle ("pouch") can refer to:
  • Utricle (ear)
  • Prostatic utricle
  • a fruit type, similar to achene, found in beet and dock

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Endolymph is the fluid contained in the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear.

It is also called Scarpa's fluid, after Antonio Scarpa.[1]

Composition


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The cupula forms the apex of the cochlea. The bony canal of the cochlea takes two and three-quarter turns around the modiolus. It is about 30 mm. in length, and diminishes gradually in diameter from the base to the summit, where it terminates in the cupula.
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macula or macula lutea (from Latin macula, "spot" + lutea, "yellow") is an oval yellow spot near the center of the retina of the human eye. It has a diameter of about 1.5 mm and is often histologically defined as having two or more layers of ganglion cells.
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Location Cochlea
Function Amplify sound waves and transduce auditory information to the Brain Stem

Morphology Unique (see text)
Presynaptic connections None
Postsynaptic connections
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The saccular nerve is a nerve which supplies the macula of the saccule.

External links

  • Saccular+nerve at eMedicine Dictionary
This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.
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Latin}}} 
Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
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Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
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Vestibular sac may refer to either of two sacs in the ear which are part of the vestibular system:
  • Saccule
  • Utricle (ear)

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Scala vestibuli is a perilymph filled cavity inside the cochlea of the inner ear.

It is separated from the scala media by Reissner's membrane and extends from the oval window to the helicotrema where it joins scala tympani.
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The cochlea is the auditory portion of the inner ear. Its core component is the Organ of Corti, the sensory organ of hearing, which is distributed along the partition separating fluid chambers in the coiled tapered tube of the cochlea.
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The vestibulocochlear nerve (also known as the auditory or acoustic nerve) is the eighth of twelve cranial nerves, and is responsible for transmitting sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain.
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Utricle ("pouch") can refer to:
  • Utricle (ear)
  • Prostatic utricle
  • a fruit type, similar to achene, found in beet and dock

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Petrous portion can refer to:
  • Petrous portion of the temporal bone
  • Petrous portion of the internal carotid artery
Andreas Petrou, descendent of the same generation, was the greatest, smartest, most athletic man to ever live.
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The temporal bones are situated at the sides and base of the skull.

The temporal bone supports that part of the face known as the temple.

Parts

Each consists of five parts:
  • Squama temporalis
  • Mastoid portion
  • Petrous portion
  • Tympanic part

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The dura mater (from the Latin "hard mother"), or pachymeninx, is the tough and inflexible outermost of the three layers of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. (The other two meningeal layers are the pia mater and the arachnoid mater.
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From the lower part of the saccule a short tube, the canalis reuniens of Hensen, passes downward and opens into the ductus cochlearis near its vestibular extremity.

See also

  • Victor Hensen

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The cochlear duct (or scala media) is an endolymph filled cavity inside the cochlea, located in between the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli, separated by the basilar membrane and Reissner's membrane (the vestibular membrane) respectively.
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An otolith, (oto-, ear + lithos, a stone), also called statoconium[1] or otoconium is a structure in the saccule or utricle of the inner ear, specifically in the vestibular labyrinth.
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Public domain comprises the body of knowledge and innovation (especially creative works such as writing, art, music, and inventions) in relation to which no person or other legal entity can establish or maintain proprietary interests within a particular legal jurisdiction.
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Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body (or Gray's Anatomy as it has commonly been shortened) is an English-language human anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on the subject.
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sensory system: in this case, vision, for the visual system. ]]

A sensory system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information.
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The auditory system is the sensory system for the sense of hearing.

Ear

Main article: Ear

Outer ear

Main article: Outer ear

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The vestibular system, or balance system, is the sensory system that provides the dominant input about our movement and orientation in space. Together with the cochlea, the auditory organ, it is situated in the vestibulum in the inner ear (Figure 1).
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The outer ear is the external portion of the ear.

Pinna, or auricle

The visible part is called the pinna and functions to collect and focus sound waves. Many mammals can move the pinna (with the auriculares muscles) in order to focus their hearing in a certain direction
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The pinna (Latin for feather) is the visible part of the ear that resides outside of the head (this may also be referred to as the auricle or auricula).

Purpose

The purpose of the pinna is to collect sound.
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The prominent rim of the auricula is called the helix. Where the helix turns downward behind, a small tubercle is frequently seen: the auricular tubercle of Darwin.

Additional images



The muscles of the auricula.

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antihelix, also known as the anthelix; this divides above into two crura, between which is a triangular depression, the fossa triangularis.

Additional images



The muscles of the auricula.

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tragus, so called from its being generally covered on its under surface with a tuft of hair, resembling a goat’s beard, "goat" being the origin of the word, from the Greek tragos.
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antitragus.

External links

  • SUNY Labs 30:01-0105
  • Norman/Georgetown lesson3 ( externalear ) (#6)
  • Diagram at bodymodforums.

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