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Information about Sry

sex determining region Y
Identifiers
SymbolSRY
Entrez6736
HUGO11311
OMIM480000
RefSeqNM_003140
UniProtQ05066
Other data
LocusChr. Y p11.3
This article is about the SRY gene. For other uses, see SRY (disambiguation).
SRY (Sex-determining Region Y) is a sex-determining gene on the Y chromosome in humans and other primates. It is not the only, or even most common sex-determining gene in mammals. Most non-primate mammals use the Y chromosome gene UBE1 for the same purpose.

The SRY gene encodes the testis determining factor, which is also referred to as the SRY protein.

Impact upon gender

Since its discovery, the importance of the SRY gene in sex determination has been extensively documented:
  • Humans with one Y chromosome and multiple X chromosomes (XXY, XXXY etc.) are usually males.
  • Individuals with a male phenotype and an XX (female) genotype have been observed; these males have the SRY gene in one or both X chromosomes, moved there by chromosomal translocation. (However, these males are infertile.)
  • Similarly, there are females with an XXY or XY genotype. These females have no SRY gene in their Y chromosome, or the SRY gene exists but is defective (mutated).

SRY and the Olympics

One of the most controversial uses of this discovery was as a means for gender verification at the Olympic Games, under a system implemented by the International Olympic Committee in 1992. Athletes with a SRY gene were not permitted to participate as females, although all athletes in whom this was "detected" at the 1996 Summer Olympics were ruled false positives and were not disqualified. In the late 1990s, a number of relevant professional societies in United States called for elimination of gender verification, including the American Medical Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American College of Physicians, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the Endocrine Society and the American Society of Human Genetics, stating that the method used was uncertain and ineffective.[] The screening was eliminated as of the 2000 Summer Olympics.[0][2][3]

SRY-related diseases and defects

Individuals with XY genotype and functional SRY gene can have a female phenotype, where the underlying cause is androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS).

SRY has been linked to the fact that men are more likely than women to develop dopamine-related diseases such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. SRY makes a protein that controls concentrations of dopamine, the neurotransmitter that carries signals from the brain that control movement and coordination.[4][5]

See also

References

1. ^ Facius, Georg M. (August 2004). The Major Medical Blunder of the 20th Century. Bodies Like Ours. Retrieved on May 30, 2006.
2. ^ Elsas, LJ; Ljungqvist A, Ferguson-Smith MA, Simpson JL, Genel M, Carlson AS, Ferris E, de la Chapelle A, Ehrhardt AA (July-August 2000). "Gender verification of female athletes". Genetics in Medicine 2 (4): 249-54. PMID 11252710. Retrieved on 2006-05-30. 
3. ^ Dickinson, BD; Genel M, Robinowitz CB, Turner PL, Woods GL (October 2002). "Gender verification of female Olympic athletes". Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 34 (10): 1543. PMID 12370551. Retrieved on 2006-05-30. 
4. ^ Dewing, P; Chiang CW, Sinchak K, Sim H, Fernagut PO, Kelly S, Chesselet MF, Micevych PE, Albrecht KH, Harley VR, Vilain E (Feb 21 2006). "Direct regulation of adult brain function by the male-specific factor SRY". Current Biology 16 (4): 415-20. PMID 16488877. Retrieved on 2006-05-30. 
5. ^ Haaxma, C., et al. (Feb. 22-26, 2006). "Gender differences in Parkinson's disease". 1st World Parkinson Congress. 

External links

The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System is a powerful federated search engine, or web portal that allows users to search many discrete health sciences databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website.
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Hugo is a male given name, a latinized form of the name Hugh, a German/Teutonic name meaning "Bright in Mind and Spirit".

Hugo is one of the most popular names in Europe ranking as high as #2 in France, #6 in Spain, and #7 in Belgium in 2006.
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The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health. The NCBI is located in Bethesda, Maryland and was founded in 1988.
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Swiss-Prot is a manually curated biological database of protein sequences. Swiss-Prot was created in 1986 by Amos Bairoch during his PhD and developed by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and the European Bioinformatics Institute.
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locus (plural loci) is a fixed position on a chromosome, such as the position of a gene or a biomarker (genetic marker). A variant of the DNA sequence at a given locus is called an allele. The ordered list of loci known for a particular genome is called a genetic map.
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SRY is the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee assigned symbol for the mammalian gene "sex determining region Y".

SRY is an abbreviation that can also mean:
  • British Columbia Electric Railway (AAR reporting mark SRY)

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Sex refers to the male and female duality of biology and reproduction. Unlike organisms that only have the ability to reproduce asexually, sexed male and female pairs have the ability to produce offspring through meiosis and fertilization.
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For a non-technical introduction to the topic, see .
A gene is a locatable region of genomic sequence, corresponding to a unit of inheritance, which is associated with regulatory regions, transcribed regions and/or other functional sequence regions.
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The Y chromosome is the sex-determining chromosome in humans and most other mammals. In mammals, it contains the gene SRY, which triggers testis development, thus determining sex.

Overview

Most mammals have one pair of sex chromosomes in each cell.
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Primates
Linnaeus, 1758

Families
  • 15, See classification
A primate is any member of the biological order Primates, the group that contains all the species commonly related to the lemurs, monkeys, and apes, with the last category
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Mammalia
Linnaeus, 1758

Subclasses & Infraclasses
  • Subclass †Allotheria*
  • Subclass Prototheria
  • Subclass Theria

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In non-primates, the gene UBE1, rather than the SRY gene, is commonly used for sexual determination.

External links

  • Mitchell M, Wilcox S, Watson J, Lerner J, Woods D, Scheffler J, Hearn J, Bishop C, Graves J (1998).

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Testis-determining factor (TDF) is a general term for the gene (or product thereof) that results in maleness in humans and some other species.

Certain genes cause chemical reactions that result in the development of testes.
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The X chromosome is one of the two sex-determining chromosomes in many animal species, including mammals (the other is the Y chromosome). It is a part of the XY sex-determination system and X0 sex-determination system.
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MeSH D007713
Not to be confused with XYY syndrome or XXX syndrome. For the Lucía Puenzo film, see XXY (film).
Klinefelter's syndrome, 47, XXY or XXY syndrome is a condition caused by a chromosome aneuploidy.
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phenotype describes the total physical appearance of an organism, as opposed to its genotype. This genotype-phenotype distinction was proposed by Wilhelm Johannsen in 1911 to make clear the difference between an organism's heredity and what that heredity produces.
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Genotype describes the genetic constitution of an individual, that is the specific allelic makeup of an individual, usually with reference to a specific character under consideration [1].
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chromosome translocation is a chromosome abnormality caused by rearrangement of parts between nonhomologous chromosomes. It is detected on cytogenetics or a karyotype of affected cells.
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Gender verification in sports (also sometimes loosely referred to as Sex determination) is the issue of verifying the eligibility of an athlete to compete in a sporting event that is limited to a single gender.
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Olympic Games (often referred to simply as The Olympics or The Games[1]) is an international multi-sport event subdivided into summer and winter sporting events. The summer and winter games are each held every four years (an Olympiad[2]).
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International Olympic Committee (French: Comité International Olympique) is an organization based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre de Coubertin and Demetrios Vikelas on June 23 1894. Its membership is 205 National Olympic Committees.
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1960s  1970s  1980s  - 1990s -  2000s  2010s  2020s
1989 1990 1991 - 1992 - 1993 1994 1995

Year 1992 (MCMXCII
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The 1996 Summer Olympics, formally known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad and informally known as the Centennial Olympics, were held in 1996 in Atlanta, Georgia, United States.
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Type I errors (or α error, or false positive) and type II errors (β error, or a false negative) are two terms used to describe statistical errors.

Statistical error vs.


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American Medical Association

Motto Helping Doctors Help Patients
Formation 1847
Type professional association
Headquarters Chicago, Illinois
Location United States
Membership 244,005 physicians and medical students
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The American Academy of Pediatrics ("AAP") is an organization of pediatricians, physicians trained to deal with the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents. Its motto is: "Dedicated to the Health of All Children.
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The American College of Physicians (ACP) is a national organization of doctors of internal medicine (internists), physicians who specialize in the prevention, detection and treatment of illnesses in adults.
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The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) is a professional association of medical doctors specializing in obstetrics and gynecology in the United States. It has a membership of over 49,000[1] and represents 90 percent of U.S.
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The Endocrine Society is a professional, international medical organization in the field of endocrinology and metabolism, founded in 1916 as The Association for the Study of Internal Secretions.
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