Information about Reynold B. Johnson
Reynold "Rey" Johnson (1906-1998) was an American inventor and computer pioneer. A long-time employee of IBM, Johnson is said to be the "father" of the disk drive. Other inventions include automatic test scoring equipment and the videocassette tape.
A native of Minnesota, Johnson was a graduate of the University of Minnesota (BS in Educational Administration, 1929).
In the early 1930s, Johnson, then a high school science teacher in Michigan, invented an electronic test scoring machine that sensed pencil marks on a standardized form. IBM bought the rights to Reynold's invention and hired him as an engineer to work in their Endicott, New York laboratory. The test scoring machine was sold as the IBM 805 Test Scoring Machine beginning in 1937.
One of Reynold's early assignments was to develop technology that allowed cards marked with pencil marks to be converted into punched cards. That allowed punched card data to be recorded by people using only a pencil. That "mark sense" technology was widely used by businesses in the 40s, 50s, and 60s. For example, the Bell System used mark sense technology to record long distance calls and utility companies used it to record meter readings. The Federal Government used it under the name "electrographic" technology.
In 1952, IBM sent Johnson to San Jose, California, to set up and manage its West Coast Laboratory. In 1956, a research team lead by Johnson developed disk data storage technology, which IBM released as the IBM 305 RAMAC. Although the first disk drive was crude by modern standards, it launched a multibillion dollar industry.
Johnson was working with Sony on another project when he developed the prototype for a half inch videocassette tape. "'Sony was using wider tape on reels. He cut the tape to a half an inch, and put it in a cartridge. The larger tapes weren't easy enough for kids to use, and his interest was in education and building a video textbook for kids,' said [Lou] Stevens" (Spiegelman, 1995).
Johnson retired from IBM in 1971. He obtained more than 90 patents. After his retirement, he developed the microphonograph technology used in the Fisher Price "Talk to Me Books." The Talk to Me Books won a Toy of the Year award. This technology was also used by the Audubon Society to aid bird watchers with songbird identification. He received the National Medal of Technology from President Ronald Reagan in 1986.
The IEEE Reynold B. Johnson Information Storage Systems Award was established in 1991, and is each year presented to a small team or an individual that has made outstanding contributions to information storage systems.
Johnson died in 1998, at the age of 92, of melanoma.
A native of Minnesota, Johnson was a graduate of the University of Minnesota (BS in Educational Administration, 1929).
In the early 1930s, Johnson, then a high school science teacher in Michigan, invented an electronic test scoring machine that sensed pencil marks on a standardized form. IBM bought the rights to Reynold's invention and hired him as an engineer to work in their Endicott, New York laboratory. The test scoring machine was sold as the IBM 805 Test Scoring Machine beginning in 1937.
One of Reynold's early assignments was to develop technology that allowed cards marked with pencil marks to be converted into punched cards. That allowed punched card data to be recorded by people using only a pencil. That "mark sense" technology was widely used by businesses in the 40s, 50s, and 60s. For example, the Bell System used mark sense technology to record long distance calls and utility companies used it to record meter readings. The Federal Government used it under the name "electrographic" technology.
In 1952, IBM sent Johnson to San Jose, California, to set up and manage its West Coast Laboratory. In 1956, a research team lead by Johnson developed disk data storage technology, which IBM released as the IBM 305 RAMAC. Although the first disk drive was crude by modern standards, it launched a multibillion dollar industry.
Johnson was working with Sony on another project when he developed the prototype for a half inch videocassette tape. "'Sony was using wider tape on reels. He cut the tape to a half an inch, and put it in a cartridge. The larger tapes weren't easy enough for kids to use, and his interest was in education and building a video textbook for kids,' said [Lou] Stevens" (Spiegelman, 1995).
Johnson retired from IBM in 1971. He obtained more than 90 patents. After his retirement, he developed the microphonograph technology used in the Fisher Price "Talk to Me Books." The Talk to Me Books won a Toy of the Year award. This technology was also used by the Audubon Society to aid bird watchers with songbird identification. He received the National Medal of Technology from President Ronald Reagan in 1986.
The IEEE Reynold B. Johnson Information Storage Systems Award was established in 1991, and is each year presented to a small team or an individual that has made outstanding contributions to information storage systems.
Johnson died in 1998, at the age of 92, of melanoma.
References
- Lundstrom, Mack. "Reynold, father of disk drive, dies at 92." Sam Jose Mercury News. September 17, 1998. Pg. 1A.
- "R.B. Johnson Dies; Disk Drive Inventor." Washington Post. September 20, 1998. Pg. B06.
- Spiegelman, Lisa. "Inventor Rey Johnson: creating a solution by first understanding the problem." Investors Business Daily. May 23, 1995. Pg. 1.
Motto
"In God We Trust" (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum" ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
Anthem
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"In God We Trust" (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum" ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
Anthem
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International Business Machines Corporation
Public (NYSE: IBM )
Founded 1889, incorporated 1911
Headquarters Armonk, New York, USA
Key people Samuel J.
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Public (NYSE: IBM )
Founded 1889, incorporated 1911
Headquarters Armonk, New York, USA
Key people Samuel J.
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Disk storage is a general category of a computer storage mechanisms, in which data is recorded on planar, round and rotating surfaces (disks, discs, or platters). A disk drive is a peripheral device used to collect information from.
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Videotape is a means of recording images and sound onto magnetic tape as opposed to movie film. In most cases, a helical scan video head rotates against the moving tape to record the data in two dimensions, because video signals have a very high bandwidth, and static heads would
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State of Minnesota
Flag of Minnesota Seal
Nickname(s): North Star State,
The Land of 10,000 Lakes, The Gopher State
Motto(s): L'Étoile du Nord (French: The Star of the North)
Capital Saint Paul
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Flag of Minnesota Seal
Nickname(s): North Star State,
The Land of 10,000 Lakes, The Gopher State
Motto(s): L'Étoile du Nord (French: The Star of the North)
Capital Saint Paul
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University of Minnesota, Twin Cities is the oldest and largest part of the University of Minnesota system. It is located on two campuses in the cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota; the campuses are linked through a dedicated bus system.
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State of Michigan
Flag of Michigan Seal
Nickname(s): The Wolverine State,
The Great Lakes State,
The Automotive State,
Winter Water Wonderland
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Flag of Michigan Seal
Nickname(s): The Wolverine State,
The Great Lakes State,
The Automotive State,
Winter Water Wonderland
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Endicott, New York
Seal
Motto:
Coordinates:
Country United States
State New York
County Broome
Area
- Village 3.1 sq mi (8.
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Seal
Motto:
Coordinates:
Country United States
State New York
County Broome
Area
- Village 3.1 sq mi (8.
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The IBM 805 Test Scoring Machine was a machine sold by IBM beginning in 1937. The device scored answer sheets marked with special "mark sense" pencils. The machine was developed from a prototype developed by Reynold Johnson, a school teacher who later became an IBM engineer.
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punch card or punched card (or punchcard or Hollerith card or IBM card), is a piece of stiff paper that contains digital information represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions.
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Electrographic is a term used for punched card technology that allowed cards marked with a pencil to be converted into punched cards. That technology was sold by IBM, its developer, under the term mark sense.
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Electrographic is a term used for punched card technology that allowed cards marked with a pencil to be converted into punched cards. That technology was sold by IBM, its developer, under the term mark sense.
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San Jose, California
Flag
Nickname: Capital of Silicon Valley
Location of San Jose within Santa Clara County, California.
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Flag
Nickname: Capital of Silicon Valley
Location of San Jose within Santa Clara County, California.
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IBM 305 RAMAC was the first commercial computer that used a moving head hard disk drive (magnetic disk storage) for secondary storage. IBM introduced the storage unit on September 4, 1956 before unveiling the entire computer nine days later on September 13.
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The creator of this article, or someone who has substantially contributed to it, may have a conflict of interest regarding its subject matter.
It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view.
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It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view.
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The National Audubon Society is an American non-profit environmental organization dedicated to conservancy. Incorporated in 1905, it is one of the oldest of such organizations in the world.
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The National Medal of Technology is an honor granted by the President of the United States to American inventors and innovators that have made significant contributions to the development of new and important technology.
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Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981–1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967–1975).
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The IEEE Reynold B. Johnson Information Storage Systems Award is an award given each year to a small team or to an individual that has made outstanding contributions to information storage systems.
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Melanoma
Classification & external resources
Melanoma malignum on the left leg of a 60-year-old woman
ICD-10 C 43.
ICD-9 172
ICD-O: M 8720/3
OMIM 155600
DiseasesDB 7947
MedlinePlus 000850
eMedicine derm/257
Melanoma
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Classification & external resources
Melanoma malignum on the left leg of a 60-year-old woman
ICD-10 C 43.
ICD-9 172
ICD-O: M 8720/3
OMIM 155600
DiseasesDB 7947
MedlinePlus 000850
eMedicine derm/257
Melanoma
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