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Information about Reborrowing

Reborrowing is the process where a word travels from one language to another and then back to the originating language in a different form or with a different meaning.

This is indicated by A→B→A, where A is the originating language.

In some cases the borrowing process can be more complicated and the words might move through different languages before coming back to the originating language.

The single move from one language to the other is called "loan" (see loanword). Reborrowing is the result of more than one loans, when the final recipient language is the same with the originating one.

In French this process is called "aller-retour" (see ).

Examples

Old Norse:klubba→English:club→  Swedish:klubb ("association of people")
French:tenez [1]→English:tennis→French:tennis (the sport)
French:cotte →English:riding coat→French:redingote→English:redingote
Greek:κινημα  (kinema, movement)→French:cinéma→Greek:σινεμα (sinēma, cinema)
Dutch:bolwerk (bulwark, bastion)→French:boulevard→Dutch:boulevard ("broad avenue")
Dutch (Flemish) :manneken "little man"[2]→French:mannequin→Dutch:mannequin ("catwalk model")
Dutch:schreef→English:serif→Dutch:serif

Notes

1. ^ Imperative form of the verb tenir, "to hold".
2. ^ figuratively used in the Flemish textile industry for a model of a human figure on which clothing was created or displayed

See also

A loanword (or loan word) is a word directly taken into one language from another with little or no translation. By contrast, a calque or loan translation is a related concept whereby it is the meaning or idiom that is borrowed rather than the lexical item itself.
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Old Norse}}} 
Writing system: Runic, later Latin alphabet.
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: non
ISO 639-3: non

Old Norse
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club is an association of people united by a common interest or goal. The service club, for example, exists for voluntary or charitable activities; there are clubs devoted to hobbies and sports, social activities clubs, political and religious clubs, and so forth.
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Swedish}}} 
Official status
Official language of:  European Union
 European Union (in Noarootsi along with Estonian) [1]
 Finland
 Sweden (de facto)
Nordic Council
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French (français, pronounced [fʁɑ̃ˈsɛ]) is a Romance language originally spoken in France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and Switzerland, and today by about 300 million people around the world as either
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Tennis is a game played between two players (singles) or between two teams of two players (doubles). Players use a stringed racquet to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over a net into the opponent's court.
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French (français, pronounced [fʁɑ̃ˈsɛ]) is a Romance language originally spoken in France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and Switzerland, and today by about 300 million people around the world as either
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The Cotte, or Cote was a mediaeval outer garment, a long sleeved shift, or tunic, usually girded, and worn by men and women. In mediaeval texts, it was used to translate tunica or chiton. Synonyms would include tunic or gown.
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redingote is a type of coat that has had several forms over time. The name is derived from a French alteration of the English "riding coat".

Women's redingote

The first form of the redingote was in the 1700s, when it was used for travel on horseback.
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Greek}}} 
Writing system: Greek alphabet 
Official status
Official language of:  Greece
 Cyprus
 European Union
recognised as minority language in parts of:
 European Union
 Italy
 Turkey
Regulated by:
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Kinematics (Greek κινειν,kinein, to move) is a branch of mechanics which describes the motion of objects without the consideration of the masses or forces that bring about the motion.
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Dutch}}} 
Writing system: Latin alphabet (Dutch variant) 
Official status
Official language of:  Aruba
 Belgium
 European Union
 European Union
 Netherlands Antilles
 Suriname
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Dutch}}} 
Writing system: Latin alphabet (Dutch variant) 
Official status
Official language of:  Aruba
 Belgium
 European Union
 European Union
 Netherlands Antilles
 Suriname
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 Flemish}}} 
Official status
Official language of:  Belgium (as Dutch)
Regulated by: Regional Parliament of Belgium
Language codes
ISO 639-1: Fl
ISO 639-2: flem
ISO 639-3: vdf

Flemish (Vlaams
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Catwalk, a term probably derived from catwalks that connect adjacent buildings, describes a narrow, usually elevated platform used by models to demonstrate clothing and accessories during a fashion show.
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Dutch}}} 
Writing system: Latin alphabet (Dutch variant) 
Official status
Official language of:  Aruba
 Belgium
 European Union
 European Union
 Netherlands Antilles
 Suriname
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Anthem
De Vlaamse Leeuw
(The Flemish Lion)

Location of Belgian Flanders in Europe

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Gairaigo (外来語) is Japanese for "loan word" or "borrowed word", and indicates a transliteration (or "transvocalization") into Japanese. In particular, the word usually refers to a Japanese word of foreign origin that was not borrowed from Chinese.
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An inkhorn is an inkwell made out of horn. It was an important item for many scholars and soon became symbolic of writers in general. Later it became a byword for or pedantic writers.
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Language contact occurs when speakers of distinct speech varieties interact. The study of language contact is called contact linguistics.

Contrary to popular opinion, multilingualism has been common throughout much of human history.
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A loanword (or loan word) is a word directly taken into one language from another with little or no translation. By contrast, a calque or loan translation is a related concept whereby it is the meaning or idiom that is borrowed rather than the lexical item itself.
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A Wanderwort (plural Wanderwörter, German for "wandering word" ) is a word that was spread among numerous languages and cultures, usually in connection with trade, so that it becomes impossible to establish its original etymology, or even its original language.
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neologism is a word, term, or phrase which has been recently created ("coined") — often to apply to new concepts, to synthesize pre-existing concepts, or to make older terminology sound more contemporary.
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