Information about Ragi
| Finger millet | ||||||||||||||||
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) Finger Millet grains of mixed color. Finger Millet grains of mixed color. | ||||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | ||||||||||||||||
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| Binomial name | ||||||||||||||||
| Eleusine coracana L. | ||||||||||||||||
Finger millet (Eleusine coracana, Amharic ዳጉሳ "Dagusa" or ቶኩሶ tōkūsō), also known as African millet or Ragi), is an annual plant widely grown as a cereal in the arid areas of Africa and Asia. Finger millet is originally native to the Ethiopian Highlands[1] and was introduced into India approximately 4000 years ago. It is very adaptable to higher elevations and is grown in the Himalaya up to 2300 metres altitude.
Cultivation
Finger millet is often intercropped with legumes such as peanuts (Arachis hypogea), cowpeas (Vigna sinensis), and pigeon peas (Cajanus cajan), or other plants such as Niger seeds (Guizotia abyssinica).Although statistics on individual millet species are confused, and are sometimes combined with sorghum, it is estimated that finger millet is grown on approximately 38,000 square kilometres.
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Finger millet
Storage
Once harvested, the seeds keep extremely well and are seldom attacked by insects or moulds. The long storage capacity makes finger millet an important crop in risk avoidance strategies for poorer farming communities.Nutrition
Finger millet is especially valuable as it contains the amino acid methionine, which is lacking in the diets of hundreds of millions of the poor who live on starchy staples such as cassava, plantain, polished rice, or maize meal. Finger millet can be ground and cooked into cakes, puddings or porridge. The grain is made into a fermented drink (or beer) in many parts of Africa. The straw from finger millet is used as animal fodder.Nutritive value of Ragi per 100 g
- Protein 7.3 g
- Fat 1.3 g
- Carbohydrate 72 g
- Minerals 2.7 g
- Calcium 3.44 g
- Fibre 3.6 g
- Energy 328 KCal
Preparation as food
In India, finger millet or ragi is mostly grown and consumed in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Ragi flour is made into flatbreads, including thick, leavened dosa and thinner, unleavened roti. Ragi grain is malted and flour from the malted grain is consumed after mixing with Milk/Boiled water/Yoghurt.
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Ragi flour is usually eaten as Ragi mudde (literally, Ragi paste. Also called Ragi balls, for the round shape.). The mudde which is prepared by boiling the Ragi flour in water until the water is condensed. The resulting preparation is then rolled into a spherical form and consumed, after applying Ghee with Sambar.
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Finger millet in its commonly consumed form as a porridge
In Maharashtra [India], bhakari (kind of pita bread) is prepared using Ragi (Nachani) flour.
In North-west of Viet nam, Finger millet has used as medicine for women when they bornt. Some minority used FM flour to made alcohol (BacHa alcohol is a good drink of H'mong minority).
In southern parts of India, Pediatricians recommend Ragi food for infants for age 6 months and over because of it's high nutrition content, especially calcium.
Common names for finger millet
- Arabic: Tailabon
- Chinese: 穇子 (Traditional), 䅟子 (Simplified), cǎnzi (pinyin)
- English: Finger millet, African millet, ragi, koracan
- Ethiopia: Dagussa (Amharic/Sodo), tokuso (amharic), barankiya (Oromo)
- French: eleusine cultivee, coracan, koracan
- German: Fingerhirse
- India: Ragi (Kannada, Telugu), Kelvaragu,Aariyam (Tamil), Maduva (in some parts of north India), Nachani (Marathi)
- Kenya: Wimbi (Kiswahili), Kal (Dholuo), Ugimbi (Kikuyu)
- Nepal: Koddo
- Sri Lanka: Kurakkan
- Sudan: Tailabon (Arabic), ceyut (Bari)
- Swahili: Wimbi, ulezi
- Tanzania: Mwimbi, mbege
- Uganda: Bulo
- Zambia: Kambale, lupoko, mawele, majolothi, amale, bule
- Zimbabwe: Rapoko, zviyo, njera, rukweza, mazhovole, uphoko, poho
- Vietnam: Hong mi, Chi ke
References
1. ^ A.C. D'Andrea, D.E. Lyons, Mitiku Haile, E.A. Butler, "Ethnoarchaeological Approaches to the Study of Prehistoric Agriculture in the Ethiopian Highlands" in Van der Veen, ed., The Exploitation of Plant Resources in Ancient Africa. Kluwer Academic: Plenum Publishers, New York, 1999.
External links
- Various Particulars of Ragi
- Ragi recipes at Bawarchi.com
- Ragi Sprouts Porridge - Baby Food
- Ethiopian Plant Names
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Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. Scientific classification also can be called scientific taxonomy, but should be distinguished from folk taxonomy, which lacks scientific basis.
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Plantae
Haeckel, 1866[1]
Divisions
Green algae
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Haeckel, 1866[1]
Divisions
Green algae
- Chlorophyta
- Charophyta
- Non-vascular land plants (bryophytes)
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Magnoliophyta
Classes
Magnoliopsida - Dicots
Liliopsida - Monocots
The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms comprise the two extant groups of seed plants.
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Classes
Magnoliopsida - Dicots
Liliopsida - Monocots
The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms comprise the two extant groups of seed plants.
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Liliopsida is a botanical name for the class containing the family Liliaceae (or Lily Family). It is considered synonymous (or nearly synonymous) with the name monocotyledon. Publication of the name is credited to Scopoli (in 1760): see author citation (botany).
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Small
families
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Poales is order of flowering plants in the monocotyledons, and includes families of plants such as the grasses, bromeliads, and sedges.
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Small
families
See text
Poales is order of flowering plants in the monocotyledons, and includes families of plants such as the grasses, bromeliads, and sedges.
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Poaceae
(R.Br.) Barnhart
Subfamilies
There are 7 subfamilies:
Subfamily Arundinoideae
Subfamily Bambusoideae
Subfamily Centothecoideae
Subfamily Chloridoideae
Subfamily Panicoideae
Subfamily Pooideae
Subfamily Stipoideae
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(R.Br.) Barnhart
Subfamilies
There are 7 subfamilies:
Subfamily Arundinoideae
Subfamily Bambusoideae
Subfamily Centothecoideae
Subfamily Chloridoideae
Subfamily Panicoideae
Subfamily Pooideae
Subfamily Stipoideae
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Chloridoideae
Subdivisions
See text.
Chloridoideae is a subfamily of the true grass family (Poaceae).
Orcuttia
Tuctoria
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Subdivisions
See text.
Chloridoideae is a subfamily of the true grass family (Poaceae).
- Tribe Orcuttieae
Orcuttia
Tuctoria
- Tribe Pappophoreae
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binomial nomenclature is the formal system of naming species. The system is also called binominal nomenclature (particularly in zoological circles), binary nomenclature (particularly in botanical circles), or the binomial classification system.
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Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linné)
Carl von Linné, Alexander Roslin, 1775. Currently owned by and hanging at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
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Carl von Linné, Alexander Roslin, 1775. Currently owned by and hanging at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
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Amharic}}}
Writing system: Ge'ez alphabet abugida
Official status
Official language of: Ethiopia and the following specific regions: Addis Ababa City Council, Amhara Region, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Dire Dawa Administrative council, Gambela Region, SNNPR
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Writing system: Ge'ez alphabet abugida
Official status
Official language of: Ethiopia and the following specific regions: Addis Ababa City Council, Amhara Region, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Dire Dawa Administrative council, Gambela Region, SNNPR
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annual plant is a plant that usually germinates, flowers and dies in one year. True annuals will only live longer than a year if they are prevented from setting seed. Some seedless plants can also be considered annuals even though they do not flower.
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Cereal crops or grains are mostly grasses cultivated for their edible grains or seeds (i.e., botanically a type of fruit called a caryopsis). Cereal grains are grown in greater quantities and provide more energy worldwide than any other type of crop; they are therefore
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Africa is the world's second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. At about 30,221,532 km² (11,668,545 sq mi) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area, and 20.4% of the total land area.
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Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area (or 29.4% of its land area) and, with almost 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population.
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Ethiopian Highlands are a rugged mass of mountains in Ethiopia, Eritrea (which is sometimes referred to as the Eritrean Highlands), and northern Somalia (Somaliland) in northeastern Africa.
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Himalayas (also Himalaya, Hindi: हिमालय, IPA pronunciation: [hɪ'mɑlijə], [ˌhɪmə'leɪjə]
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Intercropping is the agricultural practice of cultivating two or more crops in the same space at the same time (Andrews & Kassam 1976). A practice often associated with sustainable agriculture and organic farming, intercropping is one form of polyculture, using companion planting
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legume is a simple dry fruit which develops from a simple carpel and usually dehisces (opens along a seam) on two sides. A common name for this type of fruit is a "pod", although pod is also applied to a few other fruit types.
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A. hypogaea
Binomial name
Arachis hypogaea
L.
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Binomial name
Arachis hypogaea
L.
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V. unguiculata
Binomial name
Vigna unguiculata
(L.) Walp.
The Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is one of several species of the widely cultivated genus Vigna.
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Binomial name
Vigna unguiculata
(L.) Walp.
The Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is one of several species of the widely cultivated genus Vigna.
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C. cajan
Binomial name
Cajanus cajan
(L.) Millsp.
The pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan, syn. Cajanus indicus) is a member of the family Fabaceae.
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Binomial name
Cajanus cajan
(L.) Millsp.
The pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan, syn. Cajanus indicus) is a member of the family Fabaceae.
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G. abyssinica
Binomial name
Guizotia abyssinica
(L.f.) Cass.
Synonyms
Guizotia oleifera DC.
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Binomial name
Guizotia abyssinica
(L.f.) Cass.
Synonyms
Guizotia oleifera DC.
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millets are a group of small-seeded species of cereal crops or grains, widely grown around the world for food and fodder. They do not form a taxonomic group, but rather a functional or agronomic one.
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Sorghum
L.
Species
About 30 species, see text
Sorghum is a genus of numerous species of grasses, some of which are raised for grain and many of which are utilised as fodder plants either cultivated or as part of pasture.
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L.
Species
About 30 species, see text
Sorghum is a genus of numerous species of grasses, some of which are raised for grain and many of which are utilised as fodder plants either cultivated or as part of pasture.
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SEED
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1998
Cipher detail
Key size(s):| 128 bits
Block size(s):| 128 bits
Nested Feistel network
16
SEED
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Insecta
Linnaeus, 1758
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Subclass Apterygota
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Subclass Apterygota
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- * Infraclass Paleoptera (Probably paraphyletic)
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Molds (or moulds, see spelling differences) include all species of microscopic fungi that grow in the form of multicellular filaments, called hyphae.[1] In contrast, microscopic fungi that grow as single cells are called yeasts.
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Agriculture (from Agri Latin for ager ("a field"), and culture, from the Latin cultura "cultivation" in the strict sense of "tillage of the soil". A literal reading of the English word yields "tillage of the soil of a field".
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amino acid is a molecule that contains both amine and carboxyl functional groups. In biochemistry, this term refers to alpha-amino acids with the general formula H2NCHRCOOH, where R is an organic substituent.
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