Privilege

Information about Privilege

This article is about permission granted by law or other rules. For other uses, see Privilege (disambiguation).

A privilege—etymologically "private law" or law relating to a specific individual—is a special entitlement or immunity granted by a government or other authority to a restricted group, either by birth or on a conditional basis. A privilege can be revoked in some cases. In modern democracies, a privilege is conditional and granted only after birth. By contrast, a right is an inherent, irrevocable entitlement held by all citizens or all human beings from birth.

Under common law, privilege is a term describing a number of rules excluding evidence that would be adverse to a fundamental principle or relationship if it were disclosed.^[1] The most common form is Solicitor-client privilege (attorney-client privilege under US law and client legal privilege in Australia). This protects confidential communications between a client and his legal adviser for the dominant purpose of legal advice.^[2] The rationale is that clients ought to be able to communicate freely with their lawyers, in order to facilitate the proper functioning of the legal system. Other common forms include privilege against self incrimination (in other proceedings), without prejudice privilege (protecting communications made in the course of negotiations to settle a legal dispute), public interest privilege (formerly Crown privilege, protecting documents necessary for the proper functioning of government), marital privilege and medical professional privilege. Many other miscellaneous privileges also exist. For example, the old common law privilege to title deeds may still exist, though of little relevance today.^[3]

In a broader sense, 'privilege' can refer to special powers or 'de facto' immunities held as a consequence of political power or wealth. Privilege of this sort may be transmitted by birth into a privileged class or achieved through individual actions. Compare elite.

One of the objectives of the French Revolution was the abolition of privilege. This meant the removal of separate laws for different social classes (nobility, clergy and ordinary people), instead subjecting everyone to the same common law. Privileges were abolished by the National Constituent Assembly on August 4, 1789.

Notes

1. ^ Butterworths Concise Australian Legal Dictionary
2. ^ Esso Australia Resources Limited v The Commissioners of Taxation (1999) 201 CLR 49;168 ALR 123
3. ^ Suzanna McNichol, The Law of Privilege (1st ed, 1992)

A privilege is a permission granted by law or other rules.

Privilege may also refer to:

Privilege (album), an album by Ivor Cutler
Privilege Ibiza, a nightclub located in Ibiza
Privilege (film), a 1967 film directed by Peter Watkins.

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In the law of Commonwealth countries, solicitor-client privilege (also referred to as legal professional privilege or client legal privilege) is a class-based privilege that protects all communcations between a solicitor and his or her clients from being disclosed in court against
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Evidence
Part of the common law series
Types of evidence
Testimony · Documentary evidence
Physical evidence · Digital evidence
Exculpatory evidence · Scientific evidence
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without prejudice means that a claim, lawsuit, or proceeding has been brought to a temporary end but that no legal rights or privileges have been determined, waived, or lost by the result.
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Under common law, public-interest privilege prevents the compulsory disclosure of documents or information which is against the public interest. There is a balance between public interests- if the public interest in secrecy is greater than the public interest in disclosure, it will
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worldwide view of the subject.
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Evidence
Part of the common law series
Types of evidence
Testimony · Documentary evidence
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Political power (imperium in Latin) is a type of power held by a person or group in a society. There are many ways to hold such power. Officially, political power is held by the holders of sovereignty.
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For the business meaning, see .

Wealth from the old English word "weal", which means "well-being" or "welfare". The term was originally an adjective to describe the possession of such qualities.
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Elite (also spelled Élite) is taken from the Latin, eligere, "to elect". In sociology as in general usage, the élite is a relatively small dominant group within a larger society, which enjoys a privileged status which is upheld by individuals of lower social status
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The French Revolution (1789–1799) was a period of political and social upheaval in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal
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Abolition is the act of formally repealing an existing practice legal means, either by making it illegal, or simply no longer allowing it to exist in any form.

Famous things that have been abolished include:

slavery; see also: Abolitionism
the Soviet Union

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Clergy is the generic term used to describe the formal religious leadership within a given religion. The term comes from Greek κληρος (a lot, that which is assigned by lot (allotment) or metaphorically, heritage).
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The National Constituent Assembly (French: Assemblée nationale constituante) was formed from the National Assembly on 9 July 1789, during the first stages of the French Revolution. It dissolved on 30 September 1791 and was succeeded by the Legislative Assembly.
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August 4 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.

Events

70 - The destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans.

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8th century - 9th century - 10th century
850s 860s 870s - 880s - 890s 900s 910s
885 886 887 - 888 - 889 890 891

:
Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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Privilege in Canon law is the legal concept whereby someone is exempt from the ordinary operation of the law for some specific purpose.

Papal privileges resembled dispensations, since both involved exceptions to the ordinary operations of the law.
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Anthem
Advance Australia Fair ^[1]

Capital Canberra

Largest city Sydney
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Physician-Patient privilege is a confidentiality privilege, or more precisely, a group of privileges, available in American federal and state law. Accountant-client privileges may be classified in two categories: evidentiary privileges and non-evidentiary privileges.
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United States of America

This article is part of the series:
United States Constitution

Original text of the Constitution
Preamble
Articles of the Constitution
I ∙ II ∙ III ∙ IV ∙ V ∙ VI ∙ VII
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neutrality is disputed.
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In the laws of many common law jurisdictions, the concept of legal privilege, or the rule that certain conversations are so private and confidential that they cannot be used as evidence in court, extends to communication between a client and accountant.
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worldwide view of the subject.
Please [ improve this article] or discuss the issue on the talk page.

Evidence
Part of the common law series
Types of evidence
Testimony · Documentary evidence
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A privilege in a computer system is a permission to perform an action. Examples of various privileges include the ability to create a file in a directory, or to read or delete a file, access a device, or have read or write permission to a socket for communicating over the Internet.
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Privilege

Information about Privilege

See also

Notes

Events