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Information about Polish Science And Technology

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Education has been of prime interest to Poland's rulers since the early 12th century. The catalog of the library of the Cathedral Chapter in Kraków dating from 1110 shows that Polish scholars already then had access to western European literature. In 1364, King Kazimierz the Great founded the Cracow Academy, which would become one of the great universities of Europe. The list of famous scientists in Poland begins in earnest with the polymath Nicolaus Copernicus, who studied there.

In 1773 King Stanisław August Poniatowski established the Commission of National Education, the world's first ministry of education.

After the third partition of Poland, in 1795, no Polish state existed. The 19th and 20th centuries saw many Polish scientists working abroad. The greatest was Maria Skłodowska-Curie, a physicist and chemist living in France. Another noteworthy one was Ignacy Domeyko, a geologist and mineralogist who worked in Chile.

In the first half of the 20th century, Poland was a flourishing center of mathematics. Outstanding Polish mathematicians formed the Lwów School of Mathematics (with Stefan Banach, Hugo Steinhaus, Stanisław Ulam) and Warsaw School of Mathematics (with Alfred Tarski, Kazimierz Kuratowski, Wacław Sierpiński). The events of World War II pushed many of them into exile. Such was the case of Benoît Mandelbrot, whose family left Poland when he was still a child. An alumnus of the Warsaw School of Mathematics was Antoni Zygmund, one of the shapers of 20th-century mathematical analysis.

Today Poland has over 100 institutions of post-secondary education — technical, medical, economic, as well as 500 universities — which are located in most major cities such as Gdańsk, Kraków, Lublin, Poznań, Rzeszów and Warsaw. They employ over 61,000 scientists and scholars. Another 300 research and development institutes are home to some 10,000 researchers. There are, in addition, a number of smaller laboratories. All together, these institutions support some 91,000 scientists and scholars.

Timeline

1951 - the present

1901-1950

  • PZL.37 Łoś - twin-engine medium bomber designed in the PZL by Jerzy Dąbrowski (mid-1930s)
  • LWS-6 Żubr - initially a passenger plane. Since the Polish airline LOT bought Douglas DC-2 planes instead, the project was converted to a bomber aircraft (early-1930s)
  • SS Sołdek - the first ship built in Poland after World War II (1948)
  • Mieczysław Wolfke - "one of precursors in the development of holography" (said:Dennis Gabor)
  • LWS - an abbreviation name used by Polish aircraft manufacturer (1936-1939)
  • PZL - an abbreviation name used by Polish aerospace manufacturers (1928-present)
  • RWD - an abbreviation name used by Polish aircraft manufacturer (1920-1940)
  • TKS - a tankette (1931)
  • RWD-1 - sports plane of 1928, constructed by the RWD

1851-1900

1801-1850

  • Ignacy Domeyko - geologist and mineralogist, a geological map of Chile, describing the Jurassic rock formations, and discovered deposits of a rare mineral (1846)
  • Paweł Edmund Strzelecki - nobleman, explorer, and geologist, wrote Physical Description of New South Wales (1845)
  • Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz - scholar, poet, and statesman

1751-1800

1601-1650

  • Jan Heweliusz was an outstanding astronomer who published the earliest exact maps of the moon and the most complete star catalog of his time, containing 1,564 stars. He was the first to conceive the possibility of a multiple-stage rocket and of rocket batteries. In 1641 he built an observatory in his house.
  • Jan Brożek contributed to a greater knowledge of Copernicus' (Mikołaj Kopernik's) theories. Brożek was the most prominent 17th century Polish mathematician.

1551-1600

  • Bartholomens Keckermann - A Short Commentary on Navigation (the first one written in Poland)
  • Józef Struś - publication in 1555 Sphygmicae artis iam mille ducentos perditae et desideratae libri V. in which he descripted: five types of pulse, diagnostic meaning of those types, influence of body temperature and nervous system on pulse. This was one of books used by William Harvey in his works

1501-1550

1351-1400

1251-1300

  • Witelo (ca. 1230 – ca. 1314) was an outstanding philosopher and a scientist who specialized in optics. His famous optical treatise, Perspectiva, which drew on the Arabic Book of Optics by Alhazen, was unique in Latin literature and helped give rise to Roger Bacon's best work. In addition to optics, Witelo's treatise made important contributions to the psychology of visual perception.

See also

Motto
none1
Anthem
Mazurek Dąbrowskiego   (Polish)
Dąbrowski's Mazurek
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As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages and is sometimes called the Age of the Cistercians.
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Kraków
Cracow
View of the Market Square

Flag
Coat of arms

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12nd century - 13rd century
1080s  1090s  1100s  - 1110s -  1120s  1130s  1140s
1107 1108 1109 - 1110 - 1111 1112 1113

Politics
State leaders - Sovereign states
Birth and death categories
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Centuries: 13th century - 14th century - 15th century

Decades: 1310s 1320s 1330s 1340s 1350s - 1360s - 1370s 1380s 1390s 1400s 1410s

Years: 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 - 1364 - 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369


Politics
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Casimir III, called the Great (Polish: Kazimierz Wielki; April 30 1310 – November 5 1370), King of Poland (1333-70), was the son of King Władysław I the Elbow-high and Jadwiga of Gniezno and Greater Poland.
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Jagiellonian University (Polish: Uniwersytet Jagielloński, often shortened to UJ) is located in Kraków, Poland. It has been ranked by the Times Higher Education Supplement as the best Polish university.
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polymath (Greek polymathēs, πολυμαθής, "having learned much")[1][2] is a person with encyclopedic, broad, or varied knowledge or learning.
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This page is currently protected from editing until disputes have been resolved.
Protection is not an endorsement of the current [ version] ([ protection log]).
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8th century - 9th century - 10th century
850s  860s  870s  - 880s -  890s  900s  910s
885 886 887 - 888 - 889 890 891

:
Subjects:     Archaeology - Architecture -
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The National Educational Commission (Polish: "Komisja Edukacji Narodowej" or KEN) was the central educational authority in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, created by the Sejm and king Stanisław August Poniatowski on October 14, 1773.
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The Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Polish: Rozbiór Polski or Rozbiory Polski; Lithuanian: Lietuvos-Lenkijos padalijimai, Belarusian:
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For the periodical, see .
The 19th Century (also written XIX century) lasted from 1801 through 1900 in the Gregorian calendar. It is often referred to as the "1800s.
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twentieth century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1901 and ended on December 31, 2000, according to the Gregorian calendar. Some historians consider the era from about 1914 to 1991 to be the Short Twentieth Century.
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Ignacy Domeyko (in Belarusian: Ігнат Дамейка — "Ihnat Damieyka"; in Polish, also spelled Domejko; in Lithuanian, Ignotas Domeika
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twentieth century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1901 and ended on December 31, 2000, according to the Gregorian calendar. Some historians consider the era from about 1914 to 1991 to be the Short Twentieth Century.
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The Lwów School of Mathematics was a group of mathematicians who worked between the World Wars in Lwów, Poland (now Lviv, Ukraine). They often met at the famous Scottish Café to discuss mathematical problems, and published in the journal Studia Mathematica, founded in 1929.
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Stefan Banach (/span>]] ?· ; 1892-1945) was an eminent Polish mathematician and university professor. A self-taught mathematical prodigy, Banach was a founder of functional analysis and of the Lwów School of Mathematics.
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Władysław Hugo Dionizy Steinhaus (January 14, 1887 - February 25, 1972) was a Polish mathematician and educator.

Life

Steinhaus was born in Jasło, Austria-Hungary (now in Poland), and received his Ph.D. from Göttingen University.
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"Warsaw School of Mathematics" is the name given to a group of mathematicians who worked at Warsaw, Poland, in the two decades between the World Wars, especially in the fields of logic, set theory, point-set topology and real analysis.
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Alfred Tarski (January 14, 1902, Warsaw, Russian-ruled Poland – October 26, 1983, Berkeley, California) was a logician and mathematician who spent four decades as a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley.
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Kazimierz Kuratowski (Warsaw, February 2, 1896 — June 18, 1980) was a Polish mathematician and logician.

Biography

Kuratowski became a professor of mathematics in 1927 at the Lwów Polytechnic in Lwów, Poland, and from 1934 at Warsaw University.
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Allied powers:
 Soviet Union
 United States
 United Kingdom
 China
 France
...et al. Axis powers:
 Germany
 Japan
 Italy
...et al.
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Benoît Mandelbrot

Mandelbrot speaking in 2007 at the EPFL
Born November 20 1924 (1924--) (age 84)
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Antoni Zygmund (December 25, 1900 – May 30 1992) was a Polish born American mathematician who exerted a major influence on 20th-century mathematics.

Born in Warsaw, Zygmund was professor at the University of Wilno from 1930 until 1939.
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Analysis has its beginnings in the rigorous formulation of calculus. It is the branch of mathematics most explicitly concerned with the notion of a limit, whether the limit of a sequence or the limit of a function.
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This is a list of state owned universities in Poland. There are approximately 500 Universities and schools for higher education in Poland. Brackets give the Polish name followed by standard abbreviation for the university name (if existent).
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Kraków
Cracow
View of the Market Square

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Coat of arms

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Lublin
Old Town

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Coat of arms

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Rzeszów
Main Square

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Coat of arms

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