Oviparous

Information about Oviparous

Oviparous animals are animals that lay eggs, with little or no other embryonic development within the mother. This is the reproductive method of many fish, amphibians and reptiles, all birds, the monotremes, and most insects and arachnids.

Land-dwelling animals that lay eggs, often protected by a shell, such as reptiles and insects, do so after having completed the process of internal fertilization. Water-dwelling animals, such as fish and amphibians, lay their eggs before fertilization, and the male lays its sperm on top of the newly laid eggs in a process called external fertilization.

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MeSH Oviparity

• • [ e] Physiology, endocrinology, sex: Reproductive physiology and endocrinology
Menstrual cycle/Estrous cycle	Menstruation - Follicular phase - Ovulation - Luteal phase
Gametogenesis	Spermatogenesis -Oogenesis
Sexuality	Human sexual behavior - Sexual intercourse - Erection - Ejaculation - Orgasm - Insemination - Fertilisation/Fertility - Masturbation - Pregnancy - Postpartum period
Lifespan	Prenatal development - Sexual dimorphism - Sexual differentiation - Puberty (Menarche, Adrenarche) - Maternal age/Paternal age - Climacteric (Menopause, Andropause)
Eggs	Oviposition - Oviparity - Ovoviviparity - Viviparity

In most birds and reptiles, an egg (Latin ovum) is the zygote, resulting from fertilization of the ovum. To enable incubation the egg is usually kept within a favourable temperature range as it nourishes and protects the growing embryo.
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Amphibia
Linnaeus, 1758

Subclasses and Orders

   Order Temnospondyli - extinct
Subclass Lepospondyli - extinct
Subclass Lissamphibia
   Order Anura
   Order Caudata
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Sauropsida*
Goodrich, 1916

Subclasses

Anapsida
Diapsida

Synonyms

Reptilia Laurenti, 1768

Reptiles are tetrapods and amniotes, animals whose embryos are surrounded by an amniotic membrane, and members of the class
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Aves
Linnaeus, 1758

Orders

About two dozen - see section below

Birds (class Aves) are bipedal, warm-blooded, egg-laying vertebrate animals.
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Monotremata
C.L. Bonaparte, 1837

Families

†Kollikodontidae
Ornithorhynchidae
Tachyglossidae
†Steropodontidae
Monotremes (from the Greek monos 'single' + trema
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Insecta
Linnaeus, 1758

Orders
Subclass Apterygota

* Archaeognatha (bristletails)

* Thysanura (silverfish)

Subclass Pterygota

* Infraclass Paleoptera (Probably paraphyletic)

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Arachnida
Cuvier, 1812

Extant orders

Acarina
Amblypygi
Araneae
Opiliones
Palpigradi
Pseudoscorpionida
Ricinulei
Schizomida
Scorpiones
Solifugae
Uropygi
Arachnids are a class (Arachnida
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Fertilization (also known as conception, fecundation and syngamy), is fusion of gametes to form a new organism of the same species. In animals, the process involves a sperm fusing with an ovum, which eventually leads to the development of an embryo.
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Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
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Human physiology is the science of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of humans in good health, their organs, and the cells of which they are composed. The principal level of focus of physiology is at the level of organs and systems.
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Endocrinology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the endocrine system and its specific secretions called hormones.

Function of endocrine organs, hormones and receptors

Hormones are molecules that act as signals from one type of cells to another.
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Sex refers to the male and female duality of biology and reproduction. Unlike organisms that only have the ability to reproduce asexually, sexed male and female pairs have the ability to produce offspring through meiosis and fertilization.
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Reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) is a surgical subspecialty of obstetrics and gynecology that addresses hormonal functioning as it pertains to reproduction.
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The menstrual cycle is a recurring cycle of physiologic changes that occurs in the females of several mammals, including human beings and other apes.^[1] Humans are the only species that has a menstrual cycle with concealed ovulation.
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Oestrus is also the biological genus name of the gadfly.

The estrous cycle (also oestrous cycle; originally derived from Latin oestrus
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Menstruation is a phase of the menstrual cycle in which the uterine lining (endometrium) is shed. Menstrual cycles occur exclusively in humans and other apes.^[1]
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The follicular phase (or proliferative phase) is the phase of the estrous cycle, (or, in humans and great apes, the menstrual cycle) during which follicles in the ovary mature. It ends with ovulation. The main hormone controlling this stage is estradiol.
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Ovulation is the process in the menstrual cycle by which a mature ovarian follicle ruptures and discharges an ovum (also known as an oocyte, female gamete, or casually, an egg) that participates in reproduction.
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The luteal phase (or secretory phase) is the latter phase of the estrous cycle in animals, and the menstrual cycle in humans and great apes. It begins with the formation of the corpus luteum and ends in either pregnancy or luteolysis.
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Gametogenesis is a process by which the diploid germ cells undergo a number of chromosomal and morphological changes to form mature haploid gametes. Depending on the biological life cycle of the organism, gametogenesis occurs by meiotic division of gametocytes into various gametes
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Spermatogenesis is the process by which male spermatogonia develop into mature spermatozoa. Spermatozoa are the mature male gametes, in many sexually reproducing organisms. Thus, spermatogenesis is the male version of gametogenesis.
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Oogenesis or rarely oögenesis is the creation of an ovum (egg cell). It is the female process of gametogenesis. It involves the various stages of immature ova.

Oogenesis in mammals

In mammals, oogenesis occurs in the ovarian follicle of the ovary.
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This article is about sexual practices (i.e., physical sex). Broader aspects of sexual behaviour such as social and psychological sexual issues are covered in related articles such as human sexuality, heterosexuality, and homosexuality.

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Sexual intercourse or copulation is the union of the sex organs of two sexually reproducing animals.^[1] The two entities may be of opposite sexes, or they may be hermaphroditic, as is the case with snails.
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erection of the penis, clitoris or a nipple is its enlarged and firm state. It depends on a complex interaction of psychological, neural, vascular and endocrine factors. The term is also applied to the process that leads to this state.
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Ejaculation is the ejecting of semen from the penis, and is usually accompanied by orgasm. It is usually the result of sexual stimulation, which may include prostate stimulation. Rarely, it is due to prostatic disease.
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Insemination is the introduction of sperm into the female uterus of a mammal or the oviduct of an oviparous (egg-laying animal) during copulation with another animal.

Artificial insemination is when it is done by some means other than copulation.
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