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Information about Onondaga Language

Onondaga (Onǫda’géga’, Onoñda’géga’)
Spoken in:Canada, United States
Region:Six Nations Reserve, Ontario, and western New York
Total speakers:between 65 and 115
Ranking:
Genetic classification:
Official status
Official language of:
Regulated by:
Language codes
ISO 639-1
ISO 639-2iro
SIL
See also: Language – List of languages


Onondaga (Onǫda’géga’ or Onoñda’géga’ (IPA /onũtaʔkekaʔ/), "People of the Hills") is the language of the Onondaga First Nation, one of the original five constituent tribes of the League of the Iroquois (Hodenosaunee).

This language is spoken in the United States and Canada, primarily on reservations in western New York state, and near Brantford, Ontario.

Phonology

There are three stops, /t/, /k/, and the glottal stop /ʔ/ (before vowels and approximants, /t/ and /k/ are allophonically voiced to [d] and [g], and are spelled <d> and <g> in these situations); three fricatives, /s ʃ h/; nasal /n/; and approximants /w/ and /j/ (spelled <y>). There is also an affricate, spelled <j>.

Onondaga has five oral vowels, /i e o æ a/ (/æ/ is normally represented with <ä>), and two nasal vowels, /ẽ/ and /ũ/. The nasal vowels, following the Iroquoianist tradition, are spelled with ogoneks in Ontario (<ę> and <ǫ>). In New York, they are represented with a following <ñ> (<eñ> and <oñ>). Vowels can be both short and long, in which case they are written with a following colon, <:>.

Grammar

Like all Iroquoian languages, Onondaga is a polysynthetic language, meaning that many grammatical and lexical concepts are expressed as modifiers rather than separate words. This means that many concepts which could take many words to express in English can be express in a single word in Onondaga. For example:

waʔtkhenakdagwádęh
waʔ-t-k-he-nakd-a-gwa-d-ęh
FACT-DUALIC-1.SG.NOM-3.NONMASC.ACC-bed-EPEN-raise-BEN-PUNC
"I raised the bed for her/them." (ex, a Murphy bed)


The abbreviations used above are as follows:

*FACT = Factive, something known to have occurred
*DUALIC = (A range of different meanings)
*1.SG.NOM = I - refers to the subject
*3.NOMMASC.ACC = Her/them - refers to the object, 3rd person, non-masculine
*EPEN = An epenthetic vowel, inserted to break up illegal consonant clusters
*BEN = Benefactive, indicates that event was done for someone's benefit
*PUNC = Punctual, refers to an event that is over and done with

See also

External links

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"In God We Trust"   (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum"   ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
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Six Nations of the Grand River is the name applied to two contiguous Indian reserves southeast of Brantford, Ontario, Canada – Six Nations reserve no. 40 and Glebe Farm reserve no. 40B.
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Ontario


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This is a list of languages, ordered by the number of native-language speakers, with some data for second-language use. Languages are listed for secondary locations only when spoken by more than 1% of the population.
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ISO 639 is the set of international standards that lists short codes for language names.

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Ethnologue: Languages of the World is a web and print publication of SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics), a Christian linguistic service organization which studies lesser-known languages primarily to provide the speakers with Bibles in
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Onondaga may refer to:
  • Onondaga (tribe), a Native American or First Nations nationality, belonging to the Iroquois Confederacy
Places in North America
  • Onondaga, Michigan
  • Onondaga, New York, a town in Onondaga County

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First Nations is a Canadian term of ethnicity which refers to the aboriginal peoples located in what is now Canada, and their descendants who are neither Inuit nor Métis. Lest the descriptive First Nations imply the only First Peoples, it is important to recognize that the Inuit
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125,000
(80,000 in the U.S.
45,000 in Canada)
Regions with significant populations
 Canada
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Motto
"In God We Trust"   (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum"   ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
Anthem
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This page is currently protected from editing until disputes have been resolved.
Protection is not an endorsement of the current [ version] ([ protection log]).
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State of New York

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Nickname(s): The Empire State
Motto(s): Excelsior!

Official language(s) None

Capital Albany
Largest city New York City

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City of Brantford

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Country Canada
Province Ontario
Established May 31, 1877

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Ontario


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Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains)

Capital Toronto
Largest city Toronto
Official languages English (de facto)
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stop, plosive, or occlusive is a consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the vocal tract. The terms plosive and stop are usually used interchangeably, but they are not perfect synonyms.
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glottal stop or voiceless glottal plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʔ.
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Approximants are speech sounds that could be regarded as intermediate between vowels and typical consonants. In the articulation of approximants, articulatory organs produce a narrowing of the vocal tract, but leave enough space for air to flow without much audible turbulence.
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In phonetics, an allophone is one of several similar phones that belong to the same phoneme. A phone is a sound that has a definite shape as a sound wave, while a phoneme is a basic group of sounds that can distinguish words (i.e.
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Fricatives (or spirants) are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together. These are the lower lip against the upper teeth in the case of [f]
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nasal consonant is produced when the velum—that fleshy part of the palate near the back—is lowered, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. The oral cavity still acts as a resonance chamber for the sound, but the air does not escape through the mouth as it is
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Approximants are speech sounds that could be regarded as intermediate between vowels and typical consonants. In the articulation of approximants, articulatory organs produce a narrowing of the vocal tract, but leave enough space for air to flow without much audible turbulence.
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Affricate consonants begin as stops (most often an alveolar, such as [t] or [d]) but release as a fricative (such as [s]
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A nasal vowel is a vowel that is produced with a lowering of the velum so that air escapes both through nose as well as the mouth. The term stands in opposition to the term "oral vowel" refers to an ordinary vowel without this nasalisation.
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