Information about Oghuz Languages
| Oghuz | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution: |
) |
| Genetic classification: |
}} |
| Subdivisions: |
Turkish Group
Azerbaijani Group
Turkmen Group
|
The Oghuz languages, a major branch of the Turkic language family, are spoken by more than 90 million people in an area spanning from the Balkans to China.
Linguistic Features
The Oghuz languages share a number of features that have led linguists to classify them together. Some of these features are shared with other Turkic languages; others are unique to the Oghuz family.Shared features
- Loss of initial *h sound (preserved only in Khalaj)
- Loss of the instrumental case (preserved only in Sakha and Khalaj)
Unique features
- Voicing of stops before front vowels (e.g. gör- < kör- "to see")
- Loss of q/ɣ after ɨ/u (e.g. quru < quruq "dry", sarɨ < sarɨɣ "yellow")
- Change in form of participial -gan- to -an-
Classification
The Oghuz languages may be broken down into three main groups, based on geography and shared features:- a Western group, including
- Turkish, including Turkish, Ottoman Turkish, Gagauz, and the language of the Meskhetian Turks
- Azerbaijani, including the northern and southern varieties of Azerbaijani, the languages of the Iraqi Turkmen of Iran and Iraq, Qashqa'i, and Afshar
- an Eastern or Turkmen group, including Turkmen, Khorasani Turkish, and the Oghuz dialect of Uzbek
- a southern group, including dialects of Iran (Kashkay, Sonqori, Aynallu etc.) and Afghanistan (Afshar).
Two languages, Crimean Tatar and Urum are historically Kypchak languages, but have been so heavily influenced by Oghuz languages that it is difficult to classify them definitively as either Oghuz or Kypchak.
The extinct Pecheneg language is probably Oghuz, but as it is poorly documented, it is difficult to further classify it within the Oghuz family.
See also
References
- Johanson, Lars and Csató, Éva Ágnes (1998). The Turkic Languages. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-08200-5.
- Menges, Karl H. (1995). The Turkic Languages and Peoples. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 3-447-03533-1.
Turkic languages | |||
| Oghur | Bulgar† | Chuvash | Hunnic† | Khazar† | Turkic Avar† | ||
| Uyghur | Old Turkic† | Aini| Chagatay† | Ili Turki | Lop | Uyghur | Uzbek | ||
| Kypchak | Baraba | Bashkir | Crimean Tatar | Cuman† | Karachay-Balkar | Karaim | Karakalpak | Kazakh | Kipchak† | Krymchak | Kumyk | Nogai | Old Tatar† | Tatar | Urum | Altay | Kyrgyz | ||
| Oghuz | Afshar | Azerbaijani | Crimean Tatar | Gagauz | Khorasani Turkish | Ottoman Turkish† | Pecheneg† | Qashqai | Salar | Turkish | Turkmen | Urum | ||
| Arghu | Khalaj | ||
| Northeastern | Chulym | Dolgan | Fuy Grgs | Khakas | Northern Altay | Shor | Tofa | Tuvan | Western Yugur | Sakha/Yakut | ||
| Notes: Listed in more than one group, Mixed language, Disputed, †Extinct | |||
A language family is a group of languages related by descent from a common ancestor, called the proto-language. As with biological families, the evidence of relationship is observable shared characteristics.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken across a vast area from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean to Siberia and Western China, and are traditionally considered to be part of the proposed Altaic language family.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Balkans is the historic and geographic name used to describe a region of southeastern Europe. The region has a combined area of 550,000 km² and an approximate population of 55 million people.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
This page contains Chinese text.
Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
China (Traditional Chinese: Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
..... Click the link for more information.
Khalaj is a language spoken primarily in Iran and Afghanistan. It belongs to the Turkic family of languages. There were approximately 42,000 speakers of this language as of 2000.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The instrumental case (also called the eighth case) is a grammatical case used to indicate that a noun is the instrument or means by or with which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Sakha, or Yakut, is a Turkic language with around 460,000 speakers spoken in the Sakha Republic in the Russian Federation. Its speakers are known as the Sakha or the Yakuts.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Turkish (Türkçe, ]
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Ottoman Turkish (Turkish: Osmanlıca or Osmanlı Türkçesi, Ottoman Turkish:
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The Gagauz language (Gagauz dili) is a Turkic language, spoken by the Gagauz people, and the official language of Gagauzia, Republic of Moldova. It is spoken by approximately 150,000 people.
..... Click the link for more information.
Alphabet
Originally, it used the Greek script...... Click the link for more information.
Meskhetians (Meskhs) may refer to:
..... Click the link for more information.
- Ethnic Georgians, indigenous population of Meskheti (Samtskhe-Javakheti province of Georgia).
- Meskhetian Turks, the former Muslim inhabitants of Meskheti, along the border with Turkey.
..... Click the link for more information.
Azerbaijani language, also called Azeri, Azari, Azeri Turkish, or Azerbaijani Turkish, is the official language of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
It is called Azərbaycan dili in Azerbaijani.
..... Click the link for more information.
It is called Azərbaycan dili in Azerbaijani.
..... Click the link for more information.
The neutrality and factual accuracy of this article are disputed.
Please see the relevant discussion on the .
Please see the relevant discussion on the .
The neutrality of this article's title and/or subject matter is disputed.
..... Click the link for more information.
Qashqai (also spelled Ghashghai, Qashqa'i, Qashqay, and Kashkai) is a Turkic language. It is spoken by the Qashqai, an ethnic group living mainly in the Fars region of Iran.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Afshar or Afshari, is a Turkic language spoken in parts of Afghanistan and Iran. There are some speakers in Syria and Turkey. It is considered by many to be a dialect of Azerbaijani.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Turkmen (Latin script: türkmen, Cyrillic: түркмен, ISO 639-1: tk, ISO 639-2: tuk) is the name of the national language of Turkmenistan.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The of this article or section may be compromised by "weasel words".
You can help Wikipedia by removing weasel words.
Khorasani Turkic (تركي خراساني / Xorasan Türkçeəsı) is variety of
..... Click the link for more information.
You can help Wikipedia by removing weasel words.
Khorasani Turkic (تركي خراساني / Xorasan Türkçeəsı) is variety of
..... Click the link for more information.
Uzbek (O‘zbek tili in Latin script, Ўзбек тили in Cyrillic script; أۇزبېك ﺗﻴﻠی in Arabic script) is an Eastern Turkic language and
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Salar is a Turkic language spoken by the Salar people, who mainly live in the provinces of Qinghai and Gansu in China, some also live in Ghulja, Xinjiang. The Salar number about 90,000 people, of whom about 70,000 speak the Salar language; the remaining 20,000 speak Chinese.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The Crimean Tatar language (Qırımtatar tili, Qırımtatarca), also known as Crimean (Qırım tili
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Urum is a Turkic language spoken by several thousand people who inhabit a few villages in the Southeastern Ukraine and in diaspora communities world wide.
The name Urum is derived from the medieval Greek word for Rome designating Constantinople and Greece in general.
..... Click the link for more information.
The name Urum is derived from the medieval Greek word for Rome designating Constantinople and Greece in general.
..... Click the link for more information.
Kypchak languages (also known as the Kipchak, Qypchaq, or Northeastern Turkic languages), are a major branch of the Turkic language family spoken by more than 12 million people in an area spanning from Lithuania to China.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Pecheneg language is the extinct Turkic language spoken by the Pechenegs in Eastern Europe.
It is most likely a member of the Oghuz branch of the Turkic family, but the poor documentation to it and the absence of any descendant languages of Pecheneg has prevented linguists
..... Click the link for more information.
It is most likely a member of the Oghuz branch of the Turkic family, but the poor documentation to it and the absence of any descendant languages of Pecheneg has prevented linguists
..... Click the link for more information.
This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling.
You can assist by [ editing it] now. A how-to guide is available, as is general .
This article has been tagged since January 2007.
..... Click the link for more information.
You can assist by [ editing it] now. A how-to guide is available, as is general .
This article has been tagged since January 2007.
..... Click the link for more information.
Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken across a vast area from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean to Siberia and Western China, and are traditionally considered to be part of the proposed Altaic language family.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Turkic peoples are a group of peoples residing in northern, central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family. These peoples share, to varying degrees, certain cultural traits and historical backgrounds.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken across a vast area from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean to Siberia and Western China, and are traditionally considered to be part of the proposed Altaic language family.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Oghur languages (also known as Oghur, Oghuric, or Oghur-Turkic), are a separate branch of the Turkic language family.
..... Click the link for more information.
Subgrouping
A tentative subgrouping results in the following list of languages:- Khazar
- Eurasian Avar, or Turkic Avar
..... Click the link for more information.
Bulgar (also Bolğar and Proto-Bulgarian) was the language of the Bulgars, now extinct. Although a number of suppositions about its origins exist the classification of Bulgar language is still unclear. The linguistic theory places it among the Turkic languages.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Chuvash (Chuvash: Чăвашла, Čăvašla, IPA: [ʨəʋaʂˈla]; also known as Chăvash, Chuwash, Chovash,
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.
Herod_Archelaus
