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Information about Nothofagus

Nothofagus
Enlarge picture
Nothofagus obliqua

Nothofagus obliqua
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Division:Magnoliophyta
Class:Magnoliopsida
Order:Fagales
Family:Nothofagaceae
Kuprian.
Genus:Nothofagus
Blume
Species
See text
Enlarge picture
Shoots, leaves, and cupules of N. obliqua
Enlarge picture
N. alpina, rauli beech


Nothofagus, also known as the southern beeches, is a genus of about 35 species of trees and shrubs native to the temperate oceanic to tropical Southern Hemisphere in southern South America (Chile, Argentina) and Australasia (east & southeast Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, New Guinea and New Caledonia).

In the past they were included in the family Fagaceae, but genetic tests by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group revealed them to be genetically distinct, and they are now included in a family their own, the Nothofagaceae.

The leaves are toothed or entire, evergreen or deciduous. The fruit is a small, flattened or triangular nut, borne in cupules containing 2-7 nuts.

Nothofagus species are used as food plants by the larva of hepialid moths of the genus Aenetus including A. eximia and A. virescens.

Taxonomy

The genus is classified in the following sections:[1]
Sect. Brassospora (type Nothofagus brassi)
  • Nothofagus aequilateralis (New Caledonia)
  • Nothofagus balansae (New Caledonia)
  • Nothofagus baumanniae (New Caledonia)
  • Nothofagus brassii (New Guinea)
  • Nothofagus carrii (New Guinea)
  • Nothofagus codonandra (New Caledonia)
  • Nothofagus crenata (New Guinea)
  • Nothofagus discoidea (New Caledonia)
  • Nothofagus flaviramea (New Guinea)
  • Nothofagus grandis (New Guinea)
  • Nothofagus nuda (New Guinea)
  • Nothofagus perryi (New Guinea)
  • Nothofagus pseudoresinosa (New Guinea)
  • Nothofagus pullei (New Guinea)
  • Nothofagus resinosa (New Guinea)
  • Nothofagus rubra (New Guinea)
  • Nothofagus starkenborghii (New Guinea)
  • Nothofagus stylosa (New Guinea)
  • Nothofagus womersleyi (New Guinea)
Sect. Fuscospora (type Nothofagus fusca)
Sect. Lophozonia (type Nothofagus menziesii)
Sect. Nothofagus (type Nothofagus antarctica)

References

1. ^ Nothofagus website (in French)
Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. Scientific classification also can be called scientific taxonomy, but should be distinguished from folk taxonomy, which lacks scientific basis.
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Plantae
Haeckel, 1866[1]

Divisions

Green algae
  • Chlorophyta
  • Charophyta
Land plants (embryophytes)
  • Non-vascular land plants (bryophytes)

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Magnoliophyta

Classes

Magnoliopsida - Dicots
Liliopsida - Monocots

The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms comprise the two extant groups of seed plants.
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Magnoliopsida

Magnoliopsida is the botanical name for a class of flowering plants. By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its can otherwise vary, being more inclusive or less inclusive depending upon the classification system being
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Fagales
Engler

Families

See text.

The Fagales are an order of flowering plants, including some of the best known trees. The order name is derived from genus Fagus, Beeches. They belong among the rosid group of dicotyledons.
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Ludmila Andreyevna Kuprianova (1914-1987) (Russian: Людмила Андреевна Куприянова
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Carl Ludwig Blume (29 June 1789 - 3 February 1862) was a German-Dutch botanist.

He was born at Braunschweig in Germany, but spent most of his professional life working in the Netherlands, where he was Director of the Rijksherbarium (state herbarium) at Leiden.
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species is one of the basic units of biological classification. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
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tree is a perennial woody plant. It is sometimes defined as a woody plant that attains diameter of 10 cm (30 cm girth) or more at breast height (130 cm above ground).
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A shrub or bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 5-6 m (15-20 ft) tall.
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Southern Hemisphere or southern hemisphere[1] is the half of a planet that is south of the equator—the word hemisphere literally means 'half ball'. It is also that half of the celestial sphere south of the celestial equator.
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South America is a continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie
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Motto
Por la Razón o la Fuerza
(Spanish: "By right or might")
Anthem
Himno Nacional de Chile
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Motto
En unión y libertad   (Spanish)
"In Union and Freedom"
Anthem
Himno Nacional Argentino
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Australasia is a term variably used to describe a region of Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, and neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. The term was coined by Charles de Brosses in Histoire des navigations aux terres australes (1756).
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Anthem
Advance Australia Fair [1]


Capital Canberra

Largest city Sydney
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Tasmania

Flag Coat of Arms
Slogan or Nickname: Island of Inspiration; The Apple Isle; Holiday Isle
Motto(s): "Ubertas et Fidelitas" (Fertility and Faithfulness)

Other Australian states and territories
Capital Hobart
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Anthem
"God Defend New Zealand"
"God Save the Queen" 1


Capital Wellington

Largest city Auckland
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New Guinea<nowiki />

Political division of New Guinea

Geography
<nowiki/>
Location Island north of Australian continent
Coordinates
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Anthem
La Marseillaise


Capital Nouméa
Largest city Nouméa
Official languages French
Government Overseas territory of France
 -  President of France Nicolas Sarkozy
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Fagaceae
Dumortier

Genera

Castanea - Chestnuts
Castanopsis
Chrysolepis - Golden chinkapin
Colombobalanus
Cyclobalanopsis
Fagus - Beeches
Formanodendron
Lithocarpus
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The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, or APG, refers to two international groups of systematic botanists who came together to try to establish a consensus view of the taxonomy of flowering plants that would reflect new knowledge in angiosperm relationships molecular systematics.
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leaf is an above-ground plant organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat (laminar) and thin, to expose the cells containing chloroplast (chlorenchyma tissue, a type of parenchyma) to light over a broad area, and to allow light to penetrate
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evergreen plant is a plant that has leaves all year round. This contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose all their foliage for part of the year.

Leaf persistence in evergreen plants may vary from only a few months (with new leaves constantly being grown and old
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Deciduous means "temporary" or "tending to fall off" (deriving from the Latin word decidere, to fall off) and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally.
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fruit has different meanings depending on context. In botany, a fruit is the ripened ovary—together with seeds—of a flowering plant. In many species, the fruit incorporates the ripened ovary and surrounding tissues.
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nut can be either a seed or a fruit.

Botanical definitions

A nut in botany is a simple dry fruit with one seed (rarely two) in which the ovary wall becomes very hard (stony or woody) at maturity, and where the seed remains unattached or unfused with the
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larva (Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of animal with indirect development, undergoing metamorphosis (for example, insects or amphibians).

The larva can look completely different from the adult form, for example, a caterpillar differs from a butterfly.
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Hepialidae
Stephens, 1829

Diversity
60 genera and at least 587 species

Genera
  • Abantiades Herrich-Schäffer, [1858]
  • Aenetus Herrich-Schäffer, [1858]
  • Afrotheora Nielsen and Scoble, 1986
  • Andeabatis

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moth is an insect closely related to the butterfly. Both are of the order Lepidoptera. The division of Lepidopterans into moths and butterflies is a popular taxonomy, not a scientific one.
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Herod_Archelaus


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