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Information about Norethisterone

Norethisterone (or norethindrone) (or 19-nor-17α-ethynyltestosterone) is a molecule used in some combined oral contraceptive pills and in some progestogen only pills. It is a progestogen and can be used to treat premenstrual syndrome, painful periods, abnormal heavy bleeding, irregular periods, menopausal syndrome (in combination with oestrogen), or to postpone a period. Norethindrone was the first orally highly active progestin to be synthesized. It was synthesized for the first time by chemists Carl Djerassi, Luis Miramontes, and George Rosenkranz at Syntex in Mexico City in 1951.[1] It was the progestin used in one of the first two oral contraceptives.

References

1. ^ Djerassi C, Miramontes L, Rosenkranz G, Sondheimer F (1954). "Steroids. LIV. Synthesis of 19-Nor-17α-ethynyltestosterone and 19-Nor-17α-methyltestosterone". J Am Chem Soc 76 (16): 4089-4091. 




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Sex hormones and related agents (primarily G03, also L02, H01C) - human endogenous in CAPS
Progestogens:
(receptor)		PROGESTERONE, Desogestrel, Drospirenone, Dydrogesterone, Ethisterone, Etonogestrel, Ethynodiol diacetate, Gestodene, Gestonorone, Levonorgestrel, Lynestrenol, Medroxyprogesterone, Megestrol, Norelgestromin, Norethisterone, Norethynodrel, Norgestimate, Norgestrel, Norgestrienone, Tibolone
Selective progesterone receptor modulator: Asoprisnil, CDB-4124
Antiprogestogen: Mifepristone
Androgens:
(receptor)		TESTOSTERONE, Androstanolone, Fluoxymesterone, Mesterolone, Methyltestosterone, (see also anabolic steroids)
Antiandrogens: Bicalutamide, Cyproterone, Flutamide, Nilutamide, Spironolactone
Estrogens:
(receptor)		ESTRADIOL, ESTRIOL, ESTRONE, Chlorotrianisene, Dienestrol, Diethylstilbestrol, Ethinylestradiol, Fosfestrol, Mestranol, Polyestradiol phosphate
Selective estrogen receptor modulator: Bazedoxifene, Clomifene, Fulvestrant, Lasofoxifene, Raloxifene, Tamoxifen, Toremifene
Aromatase inhibitor: Aminogluthetimide, Anastrozole, Exemestane, Formestane, Letrozole, Vorozole
Gonadotropins:
(FSHR/LHCGR)'		ovulation stim.: Clomifene, Urofollitropin
Antigonadotropins:'' Danazol, Gestrinone
GnRH:
(receptor)		agonist: Buserelin, Goserelin, Histrelin, Leuprorelin, Nafarelin, Triptorelin
antagonist: Abarelix, Cetrorelix, Ganirelix
Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill (COCP), often referred to as "the Pill", is a combination of an estrogen (oestrogen) and a progestin (progestogen), taken by mouth to inhibit normal fertility.
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Progestogen Only Pills or Progestin Only Pills (POP) are contraceptive pills that only contain synthetic progestogens (progestins) and do not contain oestrogen. They are colloquially known as mini pills.
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Progestagens (also spelled progestogens or gestagens) are hormones that produce effects similar to those of progesterone, the only natural progestagen. All other progestogens are synthetic and are often referred to as progestins.
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progestin is a synthetic progestogen that has some biological activity similar to progesterone.

The two most frequent uses of progestins are for hormonal contraception (either alone or with an estrogen), and to prevent endometrial hyperplasia from unopposed estrogen in
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Carl Djerassi (born October 29, 1923 in Vienna, Austria), is a chemist, novelist, and playwright best known for his contribution to the development of the first oral contraceptive pill (OCP). He participated in the invention in 1951, together with Mexican Luis E.
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Luis Ernesto Miramontes Cárdenas (March 16 1925, in Tepic, Nayarit – September 13 2004, in Mexico City) , was a Mexican chemist known as the co-inventor of the progestin used in one of the first two oral contraceptives.
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George Rosenkranz (born as György Rosenkranz, August 20, 1916, in Budapest) is a Mexican Ph.D. steroid chemist and bridge player. He was born in Hungary, educated in Switzerland and lived in Mexico for 66 years.
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Laboratorios Syntex SA was a pharmaceutical company formed in Mexico City in 1944 by Russell Marker to manufacture therapeutic steroids from the Mexican yam. Syntex was integrated into the Roche group in 1994.
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Mexico City
Ciudad de México
Skyline of Mexico City at night

Seal
Nickname: Ciudad de los palacios (City of Palaces)
Motto: Capital en movimiento
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Journal of the American Chemical Society (usually abbreviated as J. Am. Chem. Soc., or JACS), is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, published since 1879 by the American Chemical Society.
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Sex steroids, also known as gonadal steroids, are steroid hormones that interact with vertebrate androgen or estrogen receptors. The term sex hormone nearly always is synonymous with sex steroid.
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A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System.

G Genito-urinary system and sex hormones

G03A Hormonal contraceptives for systemic use

G03AA Progestogens and estrogens, fixed combinations

G03AA01 Etynodiol and estrogen

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A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System.

L Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents

L02A Hormones and related agents

L02AA Estrogens

L02AA01 Diethylstilbestrol
L02AA02 Polyestradiol phosphate

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Progestagens (also spelled progestogens or gestagens) are hormones that produce effects similar to those of progesterone, the only natural progestagen. All other progestogens are synthetic and are often referred to as progestins.
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The progesterone receptor is an intracellular steroid receptor that specifically binds progesterone. Expressed by a single gene (chromosome 11q22), it has two main forms, A and B, that differ in their molecular weight.
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Progesterone is a C-21 steroid hormone involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy (supports gestation) and embryogenesis of humans and other species. Progesterone belongs to a class of hormones called progestogens, and is the major naturally occurring human
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Desogestrel is a molecule used in hormonal contraceptives.

Controversy

In February of 2007, the consumer adovcacy group Public Citizen released a petition requesting that the FDA ban oral contraceptives containing desogestrel, citing studies going as far back as 1995 that
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Drospirenone is a synthetic progestin that is an analog to spironolactone. Its molecular weight is 366.5 and its molecular formula is C24H30O3.

Properties and uses

The compound is part of certain birth control formulations.
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Dydrogesterone is a progestogen hormone. The brand name is Duphaston and manufactured by Solvay Pharmaceuticals.

Dydrogesterone was first introduced to the market in 1961, and is currently approved in over 100 countries world-wide.
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Ethisterone is a progestogen hormone.

The first orally active progestin, ethisterone (pregneninolone, 17α-ethynyltestosterone), the 17α-ethynyl analog of testosterone, was synthesized in 1938 by Hans Herloff Inhoffen, Willy Logemann, Walter Hohlweg, and Arthur
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Etonogestrel is a molecule used in hormonal contraceptives, most notably the subdermal implant Implanon.

Etonogestrel, the specific progestin used in NuvaRing, is the active metabolite of the inactive prodrug desogestrel, one of two third-generation progestins found in some
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Ethynodiol diacetate is a molecule used in hormonal contraceptives.


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Gestodene is a progestogen used in hormonal contraceptives.

See also

  • Progestin



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Gestonorone is a progestagen hormone.


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Levonorgestrel (or -norgestrel or -norgestrel) is a synthetic progestogen used as an active ingredient in some hormonal contraceptives.

Chemistry

Chemically, it is a hormonally active levorotatory enantiomer of the racemic mixture norgestrel.
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Lynestrenol is a progestagen hormone.


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Medroxyprogesterone is a progestin, and is commonly a component of hormonal contraceptives. It can be used in the treatment of endometriosis, abnormal menstrual bleeding or amenorrhea.
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Megestrol is a progesterone derivative with antineoplastic properties used in the treatment of advanced carcinoma of the breast and endometrium. When given in relatively high doses, Megestrol can substantially increase appetite in most individuals, even those with advanced cancer.
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Norelgestromin is a molecule used in hormonal contraceptives. This form of progestin is used in the contraceptive patch, Ortho Evera.

See also

  • Progestin
  • Contraceptive patch



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Norethynodrel was the progestin used in Enovid, the first oral contraceptive.


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